ADVANCEDLEVELEUROPEAN

HISTORYPASTEXAMI
NATION
QUESTIONSFORTHEZIMSEC
SYLLABUS 9155/
1
NBThef
oll
owi
ngquest
ionscat
ersf
orsect
ionA,
par
tofsect
ionCandsect
ionD

COMPI
LEDBYKUDZAIMAODZWA0771431491

1.“Unavoi
dabl
e.”Howf
ardoy
ouagr
eewi
tht
hisv
iewoft
heout
breakoft
heFr
ench
rev
oluti
on?

2.Towhatext
entdi
dthedev
elopmentoftheFr
enchrevol
uti
onf
rom 1789t
o1799
meett
hedemandsandexpectat
ionsoft
heThir
dEstate?

3.
Howf
arwasRobespi
err
eresponsi
blef
ort
heTer
ror
?

4.
Towhatext
entdi
dtheFi
rstWor
ldWarr
esul
tfr
om t
hechampi
oni
ngofPan-
Slav
ism by
Ser
bia?

5.Howaccur
atei
sthev
iewthatt
heFir
stWorl
dWarhadamaj
ori
mpactonsoci
ety
’s
att
it
udet
owardswomenandthei
rpl
aceint
hesoci
ety
?

6.
Towhatextentdi
dthepeopl
eofGer
manybenef
itf
rom Hi
tl
er’
sdomest
icpol
i
cies
bet
ween1934and1939?

7.
Exami
net
heimpl
ement
ati
onandef
fect
sofChamber
lai
n’
spol
i
cyofappeasementi
n
Eur
opet
o1939.

8.WhywastheAbyssi
niancr
isi
sdeat
hbl
owt
otheLeagueofNat
ionsy
ett
he
Manchur
ianCr
isi
swasnot ?

9.
Howimportantwast
hei
nfl
uenceoft
hepol
i
tical
clubsi
nPar
isont
hecour
seoft
he
Fr
enchRev
olution?

10.
Whywast
hemoder
ategov
ernmentoft
heDi
rect
oryunabl
etosur
viv
e?

11.Whywer
ethesuccessi
ver
evol
uti
onar
ygov
ernment
sofFr
ancef
rom 1789-
1794
unabl
etosur
viv
e?

12.
Eval
uat
ether
olepl
ayedbyRobespi
err
eandt
heJacobi
nsr
egi
medur
ingt
heRei
gnof

1
Ter
ror
.

13.Howfarasfi
rstConsul
andasemper
ordi
dNapol
eonmai
ntai
nthegai
nsoft
he
FrenchRevol
uti
on?

14.Exami
net heachi
evement
sandf
ail
uresoft
her
evol
uti
onar
ygov
ernment
sinFr
ance
fr
om 1789-1799.

15.Whowerether
eal
rev
olut
ionar
iesi
nFr
ancei
n1789,
thebour
geoi
sie,
thenobi
l
ityand
thepeasant
s?

16.
Whatdoyouconsi
dert
obet
hemostv
ital
fact
ori
nthedownf
all
ofNapol
eon1f
rom
1808-
1815

17.
Whatweretheai
msoft
hepeacemaker
satt
hePar
isPeaceConf
erence?Howf
ar
wer
etheyachi
eved?

18.Assessthecontr
ibut
ionoftheRei
gnofTer
rorinsavi
ngt
heFr
enchr
evol
uti
onf
rom
theforcesofr
eacti
onbothinsi
deandoutsi
deFrance.

19.
Towhatextentdi
dtheFr
enchphi
l
osopher
sadv
ocat
edf
undament
alchangei
nthe
t
h
18 cent
uryFr
ance?

20.“TheAustr
ianwomanwasaper
pet
rat
or.
”Howf
art
ruei
sthi
sasser
ti
onwi
thr
egar
d
totheFrenchr
evolut
ion?

21.
Exami
net
her
oleofRobespi
err
eint
heFr
enchRev
olut
ion.

22.HowfarcanNapol
eon‘
srul
einFr
ancef
rom 1799-
1814beunder
stoodasbenev
olent
despot
ism?

23.
Exami
net
her
oleoft
hePar
ismobi
ntheFr
enchr
evol
uti
on.

24.“TheFr
enchRevol
uti
onwascausedl
argel
ybyer
ror
sofcommi
ssi
onr
athert
han
thoseofomissi
on”
.Di
scuss

25.
Whi chposedt
hegr
eat
estt
hreatbef
ore1799t
otheFr
enchr
evol
uti
on,
int
ernal
or
ext
ernalfor
ces?

26.Towhatext
entwast
heNobi
l
ityi
nFr
ancer
esponsi
blef
ort
hef
ail
ureofmoder
ate
ref
ormsupto1793?

27.
Cri
ti
cal
lyaccountf
orthefal
lofRobespi
err
eandf
ort
hecol
l
apseoft
hesy
stem of
gov
ernmentknownast heTerr
or.

28.“
Thecol
l
apseoft
heJacobi
nregi
mewasi
nev
itabl
e.”Di
scuss.

2
29.
Whydi
dtheFr
enchr
evol
uti
onendedupi
naRei
gnofTer
ror
?

30.Whatdoyouconsi
dertobet
hemaj
orcont
ri
but
ionoft
heFr
enchwomeni
nthe
FrenchRevol
uti
onof1789?

31.Ev
aluat
ether
olepl
ayedbyRobespi
err
eandt
heJacobi
nregi
medur
ingt
her
eignof
ter
ror.

32.
Whi chwast
hemostsuccessf
ulr
evol
uti
onar
ygov
ernmentofFr
ance,
theNat
ional
Conventi
onort
heDi
rect
orygover
nment?

33.“Theachi
evement
soft
heDi
rect
orygov
ernmenthav
ebeengr
ossl
yampl
i
fied.
”
Discuss.

34.
Wast
hecr
isi
sofFr
ancei
n1789pol
i
tical
oreconomi
c?

35.
Eval
uat
ethepar
tpl
ayedbyt
heThi
rdEst
atei
nther
evol
uti
onof1789.

36.“Theachi
evement
sofpowerbyNapol
eoni
n1799owedmucht
otheI
tal
i
anandt
he
Egypti
anCampaigns.
”Doyouagr
ee?

37.Howandwit
hwhatsuccess,
wer
etheai
msofNapol
eon1’
sCont
inent
alSy
stem
counter
edbyt
heAl
li
es?

38.
Towhatext
entdi
dtheFi
rstWor
ldWarr
esul
tfr
om t
hechampi
oni
ngofPan-
Slav
ism
bySer
bia?

39.
WhywasNapol
eonBonapar
teabl
etobecomeemper
or?

40.
Whyduri
ngtheper
iod1789-1815wasNapol
eonBonapar
temoresuccessf
ult
hant
he
ear
li
erFr
enchr
uler
sinmaint
aininghi
msel
finpowerwi
thi
nFrance?

41.Exami
netheachi
evement
sandf
ail
uresoft
her
evol
uti
onar
ygov
ernment
sofFr
ance
fr
om 1789to1799.

42.
Whydi
dtheFr
enchr
uler
sfr
om 1789-
1799f
ail
tohol
dont
opower
?

43.
Whydi
dLoui
sXVI
’
spol
i
ciesf
ail
topr
eventhi
sexecut
ioni
n1793?

44.
WhywasNapol eonBonapar
teunabl
etomai
ntai
nhi
spol
i
tical
andmi
l
itar
ysuccesses
i
nEuropeaf
ter1810?

45.I
nwhatway
sandforwhatreasonsdi
dtheai
msoft
her
evol
uti
onar
iesi
nFr
ance
changei
ntheyear
sfr
om 1789-
1792?

46.
Towhatext
entwast
he1791const
it
uti
onr
esponsi
blef
ormaki
ngFr
ancemor
e

3
r
adi
cal
by1793?

47.WhendidNapoleon1’
scar
eerr
eachi
tspeakandwhatwer
ether
easonsf
ori
ts
subsequentdecl
i
ne?

48.
Whyinspit
eofi
tsset
backswasFr
anceabl
etosur
viv
eAl
l
iedi
nter
vent
ionbet
ween
1792and1795?

49.
Explai
nNapol
eon’
ssuccesst
oest
abl
i
shast
abl
egov
ernmentbet
ween1799and
1814?

50.“
Counter
product
ive.
”Howfardoyouagr
eewi
tht
hisv
iewoft
heTher
midor
ian’
s
cont
ri
but
ionstotheFrenchRev
olut
ion?

51.
Whyinspit
eofhi
sabi
li
ti
esasagener
alwasNapol
eonBonapar
tenotabl
etoachi
eve
hi
svisi
onofdomi
nati
ngEur
ope?

52.Howfarweretheaut
ocr
ati
cregi
mesofot
herst
atesendanger
edbyFr
ancedur
ing
therev
olut
ionar
yperi
od?

53.
Wer
ethegai
nsoft
heFr
enchr
evol
uti
onwor
tht
hepai
nitcaused?

54.Howf
arcant
heout
breakoft
heFr
enchbeex
plai
nedbypol
i
tical
fact
ors?

55.“Ar
evoltagai
nstt
heAncientsy
stem ofgov
ernment
.”Howv
ali
dist
hisasser
ti
ont
o
theout
breakoftheFr
enchrevol
uti
on?

56.
Whichwasthemoresuccessf
ulr
evol
uti
onar
ygov
ernmenti
nFr
ancei
ntheNat
ional
Assembl
yortheConv
enti
on?

57.“I
tsachi
evement
sfaroutwei
ghedi
tsf
ail
ures.
”Exami
net
hisassessmentoft
hewor
k
oftheDir
ect
oryfr
om 1795to1799?

58.Howaccur
ateist
heasser
ti
ont
hatNapol
eon1’
sdomest
icachi
evement
shad
enormouspopul
arappeal
?

59.“
Hisfor
eignpol
i
cyhadnothingt
oofferFr
ance.
”Howf
ardoy
ouagr
eewi
tht
hisv
iew
ofNapol
eonBonapart
e’sf
orei
gnpoli
cy?

60.“
Germanyal
onewasr
esponsi
blef
ort
heout
breakoft
heFi
rstWor
ldWari
n1914.
”
Howjust
if
iedi
sthi
svi
ew?

61.
Howsuccessf
ulhadt
heLeagueofNat
ionsf
ulf
il
ledi
tsai
msby1936?

62.“
Mussol
i
ni’
sFasci
stdi
ctat
orshi
pcor
rupt
edhi
sdomest
icachi
evement
s.”Howf
ardo
youagr
ee?

4
63.
Why,andhow,
wasHi
tl
erabl
etoachi
evepowerandest
abl
i
sht
heThi
rdRei
chby
1934?

64.Howfarwasdi
scontentamongthepeasant
sresponsi
blef
ort
heout
breakoft
he
Frenchr
evol
uti
oni
nFr ancein1789?

65.
Whyandwi
thwhatr
esul
tst
o1794wasLoui
sXVIev
ent
ual
l
yov
ert
hrown?

66.
Exami
net
hecont
ri
but
ionoft
heSans–cul
ott
esi
ntheFr
enchRev
olut
ion.

67.“
Agreatser
vantofFr
ance’
.Di
scusst
hisv
iewofNapol
eon1’
scont
ri
but
iont
oFr
ance
upto1814.

68.
Howval
idi
sthev
iewt
hatEur
opedescendedi
ntowari
n1914pr
imar
il
ytodef
end
mil
i
tar
ypol
i
cy?

69.“
Yearsofachi
evement,ful
lofhopefort
hefutur
e.”Di
scusst
hisv
iewoft
he
i
nter
nati
onalr
elat
ionsdur
ingthedecades1919to1929.

70.
Towhatext
entcanHi
tl
er’
sconductoff
orei
gnpol
i
cybej
ust
if
ied?

71.
Howf
arcanMussol
i
ni’
sFasci
stpol
i
ciesbej
ust
if
ied?

72.Howf
arcanMussol
i
ni’
srul
einI
tal
yfr
om 1922t
o1939bedescr
ibedasat
otal
i
tar
ian
regi
me?

73.
Towhatextentdi
dthef
oll
owingdocumentsoft
heFr
enchr
evol
uti
onmeett
he
demandsandexpect
ati
onsoftheThi
rdEst
ate?

(
a)TheAugustdecr
ees

(
b)TheDecl
arat
ionoft
her
ight
sofmenandCi
ti
zen

(
c)The1791Const
it
uti
on

74.Comparethecontr
ibut
ionsoft
heRei
gnoft
err
orandt
heTher
midor
ian’
sreact
iont
o
theFrenchRevol
uti
onupt o1795.

75.
Exami
net
hecont
ri
but
ionsofNapol
eonBonapar
tet
othehi
stor
yofFr
anceupt
o
1804.

76.
Wasthefor
eignpol
i
cyofNapol
eonBonapar
tef
rom 1801t
o1815aggr
essi
veor
def
ensi
ve?

77.
Exami
net
her
easonsf
ort
heAl
l
iedv
ict
oryi
ntheFi
rstWor
ldWar
.

78.
Towhatext
enti
sitj
ust
if
iedt
ovi
ewMussol
i
ni’
sdi
ctat
orshi
past
otal
i
tar
ian?

5
79.
Accountf
ort
hev
ict
oryoft
heNat
ional
i
stsi
ntheci
vi
lwari
nSpai
n.

80.
Howf
arwasHi
tl
err
esponsi
blef
ort
heout
breakoft
heSecondWor
ldWar?

81.
Towhatext
entcani
tbearguedt
hatt
hechar
act
erofLoui
sXVIwast
hemaj
orcause
oft
hecr
isi
sof1789inFr
ance?

82.
Whydi
dFr
ancegot
owarwi
thot
herEur
opeanst
atesi
n1792?

83.“Therev
oltagai
nstagov
ernmentwhichwast
yranni
cal
,inef
fi
cientandi
nsensi
ti
vet
o
theneedsofthepeople.
”Doyouagree?

84.
Exami
net
her
oleoft
hePar
ismobi
ntheFr
enchr
evol
uti
on.

85.
Howf arandbywhatmeans,weret
heideal
sli
ber
ty,
equal
i
tyandf
rat
erni
tyachi
eved
i
nrevol
utionar
yFr
anceint
heyearsupto1799?

86.
Whyandwi
thwhatsuccess,
didFr
anceengagei
nawarwi
thEur
opebet
ween1792
and1799?

87.“NapoleonBonapar
te’
sdownf
all
wasi
nev
itabl
e.”Howf
ardoy
ouagr
eewi
tht
his
assert
ion

88.Whydi
dtheev
ent
sint
heBal
kansl
eadt
otheout
breakoft
heFi
rstWor
ldWar
?

89.“Theprospect
sfort
hesur
viv
aloft
hePar
isPeaceSet
tl
ementwer
enegl
i
gibl
e.”
Discusst
hisview.

90.
Howeff
ecti
vewasthei
mpl
ement
ati
onofcol
l
ect
ivesecur
it
ybyt
heLeagueof
Nat
ionsupto1939?

91.
Howf
arshoul
dHi
tl
er’
srul
einGer
manybedescr
ibedast
otal
i
tar
ian?

92.
WasTer
roranecessar
yev
ili
nrev
olut
ionar
yFr
ance?

93.
Towhatext
entwast
heFr
enchRev
olut
ionof1789ar
evol
uti
on?

94.
Howf
arwast
hef
inanci
alcr
isi
sresponsi
blef
ort
heout
breakoft
heFr
enchr
evol
uti
on

95.Howandwi
thwhatresult
s,didtheCi
vi
lConsti
tut
ionoft
heCl
ergyconst
it
uteamaj
or
tur
ningpoi
nti
nthesupportbaseoftheFr
enchrevol
uti
on?

96.“
Itwasmoreoftheweaknessesoft
heDirect
oryt
hant
hechar
act
erandabi
l
ityof
Napoleont
hatl
edtohisr
isetopower.
”Discuss.

97.“
Thegreat
estachi
evementofNapol
eonwasarefor
m oft
heFr
enchl
aw.
”Cr
it
ical
l
y
examinet
hisvi
ewwithref
erencet
othecodeNapol
eon.

6
98.
Comparethecont
ri
but
ionofPr
ussi
aandRussi
atot
hedef
eatofNapol
eon
Bonapar
te.

99.Whyweret
hegreatpower
sunablet
oprev
entt
heAust
ri
o-Ser
bianconf
li
ct(
1914)
fr
om devel
opi
ngi
ntoageneralwor
ldwar?

100.
Cri
ti
cal
l
yexami
net
heeconomi
c,soci
alandpol
i
tical
consequencesoft
heFi
rst
Worl
dwarinEur
ope

101.“Not
hingbutacl
ubofv
ict
ors.
”Di
scusst
hev
ali
dit
yoft
hisdescr
ipt
ionoft
he
LeagueofNati
ons.

102.Towhatext
entwer
ethepol
i
ciesofHi
tl
err
esponsi
blef
ort
heout
breakoft
he
SecondWorldWar?

103.Towhatextentcani
tbear
guedthatt
hechar
act
erofLoui
sXVIwast
hemaj
or
causeofthecri
sisof1789i
nFrance?

104.
Howi
mpor
tantwast
hepar
tpl
ayedbyt
heThi
rdEst
atei
ntheFr
enchr
evol
uti
ont
o
1793?

105.Whi
chdi
dmor
etopr
eser
vet
hei
deasoft
heRev
olut
ion:
TheJacobi
nsort
he
Dir
ector
y?

106.Towhatext
entdi
dthedomest
icpol
i
cyofNapol
eon1mai
ntai
nthei
deasof
rev
olut
ioni
nFrance?

107.
Cri
ti
cal
l
yexami
newhyNapol
eon1wasdef
eat
edbyt
heFour
thcoal
i
tioni
n1814.

108.
Whatcondi
ti
onsenabl
edHi
tl
erandt
heNazi
stor
iset
opoweri
nGer
manyby1933?

109.
Howeff
ect
ivel
ydi
dFasci
str
ulei
nIt
alysol
vet
hepr
obl
ems,
whi
chhadbr
ought
Mussol
i
nit
opower?

110.
Exami
net
henat
ureandext
entofopposi
ti
ont
othepol
i
ciesofLoui
sXVIupt
o1792.

111.“
Asoldi
erwhohat
eddi
sor
der
.”Towhatext
enti
sthi
svi
ewr
efl
ect
edi
nNapol
eon’
s
domesti
cpol
icy
?

112.
Whyinspit
eofhisabi
li
ti
esasagener
alwasNapol
eonBonapar
teabl
etoachi
eve
hi
svisi
onofdominat
ingEur
ope?

113.
Exami
net
hecont
ri
but
ionsofmi
l
itar
ism t
otheout
breakoft
heFi
rstWor
ldWar
.

114.
Howjust
if
iedi
sthev
iewt
hatt
het
ermsoft
hePar
isPeaceTr
eat
ieswer
elar
gel
y
vi
ndi
cti
ve?

7
115.
Howt
otal
i
tar
ianwasFasci
stdi
ctat
orshi
pby1939?

116.Towhatext
entdi
dthevi
ctor
yoftheNat
ional
i
stsi
ntheSpani
shCi
vi
lwardependon
theassi
stancef
rom t
heout
sidewor
ld.

117.“Hei
rtother
evol
uti
on.
”“Thelastoft
heenli
ght
eneddespot
ism.
”Whi
chofthese
descri
pti
onsOfNapol
eontheFir
stismoreaccur
atewhenoneconsi
der
shisr
ulein
France?

118.“Ther
ewasnot hi
ngLouisXVIcoulddo.
Hehadi nher
it
edal otofproblemswhich
noordinar
ypersoncouldsol
ve”.“
Aweakandundecidedleader.
”Whi chofthetwo
assessmentsofLouisXVI’
scontr
ibut
iontot
heout
breakoft heFrenchrevolut
ioni
s
corr
ect?

119.WhendidNapol
eon1’
scar
eerr
eachi
tspeakandwhatwer
ether
easonsf
ori
ts
subsequentdecl
i
ne?

120.
Towhatext
entwasLoui
sXVIr
esponsi
blef
orhi
sowndownf
all
?

121.“Aturni
ngpoi
ntinthehi
stor
yoft
herevol
uti
on.
”Discusst
hisv
iewoft
he
consequencesf
orFranceofLoui
sXVI
’sf
li
ghttoVergennes

122.Whyinspi
teofmanyset
backs,
wasFr
anceabl
etosur
viv
eAl
l
iedi
nter
vent
ion
between1792and1799?

123.
Howef
fecti
vel
ywasNapoleonBonapar
teabl
etodeal
wit
hint
ernal
opposi
ti
ont
o
hi
sregi
mebetween1799and1814?

124.“Upto1807,
Napol
eon’
smi
l
itar
ysuccessabr
oadr
est
edont
her
elat
iveweakness
ofenemies.”
Doyouagr
ee?

125.“
TheKai
ser
’swar.
”Howf
art
ruei
sthi
sver
dictoft
heFi
rstWor
ldWar?

126.“
Afl
awedpeace.
”Di
scusst
hisv
iewoft
hepeaceset
tl
ementf
oll
owi
ngWor
ldwar1.

127.
Whywasthest
abi
l
ityachi
evedbyt
heWei
marRepubl
i
cbet
ween1924and1929so
shor
tli
ved?

128.
Forwhatr
easonsandtowhatext
entwast
hepol
i
cyofappeasementwor
thwhi
l
eto
theGr
eatpowersofEur
opebef
ore1939?

129.“
Borodi
nowastheroadt
owar
dsWat
erl
oo”
.Howj
ust
if
iedi
sthi
sst
atementont
he
downfal
lofNapol
eon?

130.
Towhatext
entdi
dthet
ermsoft
heTr
eat
yofVer
sai
l
lescont
ri
but
etot
hecol
l
apse

8
oft
heWei
marRepubl
i
c?

131.
Cri
ti
cal
l
yanalysesthemethodsusedbyMussol
i
nit
ocr
eat
epopul
arappr
ovalf
or
hi
sregi
meinIt
alyduri
nghisrul
e?

132.Cri
ti
call
yanal
ysethemai
nfact
orst
hathav
ebeenputf
orwar
dtoaccountf
ort
he
defeatoftheRepubl
i
canfor
cesint
heSpani
shCiv
ilwar

133.
Assessthecont
ri
but
ionoft
hesy
stem ofal
l
iancest
otheout
breakoft
heFi
rst
Worl
dWar .

134.whatwer
ethemai
nissuesf
ort
heSpani
ardsi
ntheci
vi
lwari
nSpai
n?

135.
Assessthecont
ri
but
ionoft
heFr
enchphi
l
osopher
stot
hecomi
ngoft
her
evol
uti
on
i
nFrancein1789.

136.
Discussthepar
tpl
ayedbyf
orei
gnai
dtot
hev
ict
oryoft
heNat
ional
i
stsi
ntheCi
vi
l
wari
nSpai n.

137.
Assest
hecont
ri
but
ionoft
het
reat
yofVer
sai
l
lest
othecomi
ngoft
heSecondwor
ld
War.

138.“Apr
otestagainstt
heking’
sfai
l
uret
oimpl
ementr
efor
m.”Consi
dert
hisv
iewoft
he
outbr
eakoftheFrenchrevol
uti
on

139.
Whatwassimi
l
arandwhatwasdi
ff
erentaboutt
hegov
ernment
sofFr
ancebet
ween
1789and1795?

140.“
Anegat
ionoft
heideasofthesov
erei
gnt
yoft
hepeopl
e.”Howaccur
atei
sthi
s
vi
ewofnapol
eon‘sr
ulei
nFrance?

141.“
Amosteffect
iveshor
tterm schemerandi
mpr
acti
cal
longt
erm dr
eam.
”Di
scuss
Napol
eon’
sfor
eignpoli
cyintheli
ghtofthi
scomment
.

142.“
Progr
essi
vey
etdi
ctat
ori
al.
”Di
scusst
hisv
iewaboutNapol
eon’
sdomest
icpol
i
cy
fr
om 1799.

143.“Republ
icofvi
rt
ue.”Topwhatext
enti
sthi
saf
arassessmentoft
heJacobi
n
regi
mei ntheyear
s1793-1794?

144.“
Morethananyotherissues,
thefinancialmismanagementandbankr
upt
cywer
e
themaincausesoft
heFr enchrev
olut
ion“ .Discuss.

145.
Whicheventwasmoresi
gni
fi
cantt
ot hecour
seoftheFr
enchRevol
uti
on:the
Decl
arat
ionoftheRi
ght
sofmanandcit
izenortheCi
vil
const
itut
ionoft
heCler
gy?

9
146.
Howvali
disthev
iewthatLouisXVI
’
sdownfal
lwaspr
eci
pit
atedmor
ebyt
hosewho
oughtt
oover
thr
owhimthanbyhi sownmist
akes?

147.
WhywasLoui
sXVIexecut
edi
nJanuar
y1793?

148.
Whydi
dther
adi
cal
sgr
adual
l
ygai
nmor
efort
hei
rai
mst
hant
hemoder
atesby1793?

149.Howval
idi
sthev
iewt
hatt
heDi
rect
oryaddednot
hingt
otheachi
evement
soft
he
Frenchr
evol
uti
on?

150.“Consi
der
ingitsr
esul
tsuponFrenchsoci
etybet
ween1793and1794,
ter
rorwas
unnecessar
yevil
.”Howfardoyouagree?

151.
Anal
ysethecausesandr
esul
tsofcount
err
evol
uti
onar
ywar
sinFr
ancebet
ween
1792and1794.

152.
Howeffect
ivewer
et hemeasuresint
roducedbyt
heDi
rect
oryi
n1799t
odeal
wit
h
thewor
seni
ngeconomi candmili
tarycri
sis?

153.
Howv al
i
disthecl
aimt
hatt
heDi
rect
orywast
hemostsuccessf
ulr
egi
mei
nFr
ance
i
ntheper
iod1789-
1799?

154.Whatmaybelear
nedfr
om theDi
rect
ory(
1795-
1799)aboutt
heachi
evement
sand
probl
emsoftherevol
uti
oni
nFrance?

155.
Whywast
heDi
rect
orysoeasi
l
yov
ert
hrownbyNapol
eonBonapar
tei
n1799?

156.
Towhatext
entdi
dtheJacobi
nschanget
hecour
seoft
heFr
enchr
evol
uti
on?

157.
Whywast
her
uleofNapol
eonBonapar
tesosuccessf
uli
nFr
ance?

158.
WhywasNapoleonBonapar
teabl
etosuppl
antt
heDi
rect
oryandest
abl
i
shhi
msel
f
asFi
rstConsul
inFr
ance?

159.
WhydidNapol
eonBonapart
eint
roducepopul
arpol
i
ciesbef
ore1804andt
he
oppr
essi
veref
ormsther
eaf
ter
?

160.Di
dNapoleon’
sfor
eignpol
i
cyadv
ent
ureshav
eanymor
eai
mst
hant
oincr
easehi
s
gri
ponFrance?

161.I
nhisdomest
icpol
i
cies,
Napol
eonwascr
uel
inor
dert
obeki
nd.
”Howf
ardoy
ou
agree?

162.“
TheCont
inent
alSyst
em wast
hekeyr
easonbehi
ndt
hecol
l
apseoft
heNapol
eoni
c
Empir
e.”Howvali
disthi
sview?

10
163.Bywhatmeansandwi
thwhatsuccessdi
dNapol
eonBonapar
teadmi
nist
ert
he
conquer
edterr
it
ori
es?

164.WhywasNapoleonBonapar
teabl
etowagesuchal
engt
hywaragai
nstt
he
Europeangov
ernments?

165.Thecausesoft
heFi
rstWor
ldWarl
ayi
ntheBal
kans.
”Towhatext
enti
sthi
svi
ew
accurat
e?

166.“
Ger
manyhadacl earpr
ogrammeroft
err
it
ori
alexpansi
onbefore1914whi
ch
madewarinev
itabl
e.”Howfarcanthi
svi
ewaccountforwhatwarbrokeouti
nAugust
1914?

167.
Howaccur
atei
sthev
iewt
hati
mper
ial
i
sm wast
her
ootcauseoft
heFi
rstWor
ldwar
?

168.“
TheKaiserandotherGer
manypol
i
tici
answer
epr
edet
ermi
nedt
ogot
owari
n
1914.
”Assessthi
sclai
m.

169.
Whydi
dinst
abi
l
ityi
ntheBal
kansev
ent
ual
l
ycauset
heout
breakoft
heFi
rstWor
ld
War?

171.
Comparetheimport
anceofatleastt
hreef
act
orswhi
chaf
fect
edt
hel
i
vesoft
he
ci
vil
i
anpopul
ationdur
ingtheFi
rstWorldWar.

172.
Ident
if
yandexplai
nanytwomeansusedt
otr
ytobr
eakt
hedeadl
ockont
he
west
ernFrontf
rom 1914-
1918

173.“
TheAmeri
canent
ryi
ntot
heFirstWor
ldWarwast
hemosti
mpor
tantr
easonwhy
Germanywasdef
eat
ed.”Howfardoyouagree?

174.“
Weakal
l
iesaccel
erat
edt
heGer
manydef
eati
ntheFi
rstwor
ldWar
.”Howv
ali
dis
thi
scl
aim?

175.
Didt
heTreat
yofVersai
l
les(
1919)hav
eanymor
eai
mthant
orewar
dthev
ict
ors
andpuni
sht
heaggressor
s?

176.
Wast
heTr
eat
yofVer
sai
l
lesdomi
nat
edbyt
hespi
ri
tofr
evenge?

177.“
Thepeacetreat
iessignedbet
ween1919and1923wer
enei
therj
ustnorwi
se
.”Howjust
if
iedi
sthisasserti
on?

178.Howval
i
disthevi
ewthattheev
entual
set
tl
ementofVer
sai
l
leswasacompr
omi
se
betweent
heBri
ti
shandtheFrenchv
iews?

179.“
Thet
ermsoft
het
reat
yofVer
sai
l
leswer
eact
ual
l
yreasonabl
e.”Howf
ardoy
ou

11
agr
ee?

180.
Didt
heTr
eat
yofVer
sai
l
lesf
undament
all
yweakent
heWei
marRepubl
i
c?

181.
Towhatext
entwast
heTr
eat
yofVer
sai
l
lesmot
ivat
edbyant
i-
Ger
manyf
eel
i
ng?

182.
Howf
arwer
ethepr
obl
emsencount
eredbyt
heWei
marRepubl
i
cofi
tsownmaki
ng?

183.Howval
idi
sthevi
ewthatt
heWei
marRepubli
csur
viv
edt
hecr
isesoft
he1920s
becauseoft
hemutual
hat
redamongi
tsopponent
s?

184.
Whydi
dHi
tl
erf
ail
tot
akeov
erpowerbef
ore1930,
butmanagedt
odosoaf
ter
1933?

185.
Assesst
hei
mpactoft
heGr
eatDepr
essi
onupont
hesoci
alandpol
i
tical
li
fei
n
Germany?

186.
Why,bef
ore1943di
dtheWei
marRepubl
i
cfacesomanypr
obl
emsbet
ween1918
and1923?

187.
Howaccurateist
hev
iewt
hatt
heLeagueofNat
ionsf
ail
edbecausei
twasaBr
it
ish
andFrenchaf
fai
r‘’
?

188.Assesst
heai
msandachi
evement
soft
heLeagueofNat
ionsasapeacekeepi
ng
organi
zati
on?

189.
Howsuccessf
ulwast
heLeaguei
nsol
vi
ngdi
sput
esi
ntheper
iod1919-
1929?

190.
Howv al
i
disthevi
ewthatt
heweaknessesoft
heLeaguest
ruct
urepr
event
edi
t
fr
om bei
ngasuccessi
nthe1930s?

191,
Howsuccessf
ulwastheLeagueofNat
ionsi
nencour
agi
ngi
nter
nat
ional
cooper
ati
onf
rom 1920-
1933?

192.“
It
sli
nkswitht
heVersai
l
lest
reat
ywasitsgreat
estweakness.
”Howv
ali
dist
his
vi
ewoftheLeagueofNat
ionsint
he1920sandthe1930s.

193.
Howef
fect
ivel
ydi
dHi
tl
erest
abl
i
shandconsol
i
dat
eNazi
aut
hor
it
y?

194.
Whati
mpactdi
dtheNazi
economi
cpol
i
cieshav
eonGer
manyi
nthe1930s?

195.Whydi
dthepol
i
cyofappeasementfai
ltopr
eventtheout
breakofhost
il
it
ies
betweenGer
manyandt
hewest er
nEuropeanpowersin1939?

196.Howv al
i
di sthev
iewt
hatt
hepol
i
cyofappeasementbenef
it
tedHi
tl
ermor
ethan
Bri
tainandFrance?

12
197.
Whati
mpactdi
dthepost
-warset
tl
ementhav
eonHi
tl
er’
sfor
eignpol
i
ciesi
nthe
1930s?

198.I
denti
fyandexpl
aint
hef
act
orswhi
chcont
ri
but
edt
othepopul
ari
tyoft
heNazi
sin
the1930s.

199.
Towhatextentby1939hadHi
tl
er’
sdomest
icpol
i
ciessol
vedt
hepr
obl
emswhi
ch
hadbroughthi
mtopower?

200.
Howf
ardi
dMussol
i
niachi
evet
otal
i
tar
iani
sm i
nIt
alyaf
ter1925?

201.Howf
ardidMussol
ini
’
spol
i
ciesi
nthe1920sandt
he1930saddr
esst
hepostWar
probl
emsfacedbyI
tal
y?

202.Howaccur
atei
stheviewthatonl
yMussol
i
nicoul
dhav
epr
event
edt
heHi
tl
er’
s
vi
olati
onofwor
ldpeaceduri
ngthe1930s?

203.
Cri
ti
call
yexami
nethef
act
ors,
whi
chhel
pedMussol
i
niandt
heFasci
stst
otakeov
er
poweri
nItal
yby1922?

204.“
Unf
ri
endl
yandpr
ovocat
ive.
”Howf
it
ti
ngi
sthi
sdescr
ipt
ionofMussol
i
ni’
sfor
eign
pol
icy
?

205.“
Fail
ureathome,disasterabr
oad.
”Howf
airi
sthi
sassessmentoft
her
esul
tsof
Mussoli
ni’
sgover
nmentofItaly
?

206.
Howv al
idi
sthev
iewthatt
heDi
rect
orygov
ernment
1795-
1799hadnot
hingexcept
goodint
enti
onst
ooff
erFr
ance?

207.TowhatextentwasthedemiseofNapol
eon1causedmorebyhisper
sonal
bl
understhanbythedet
erminat
ionbytheEur
opeanpowerst
odefeattheNapol
eoni
c
empire?

208.I
nwhatwaysandtowhatextentby1799hadt
her
evol
uti
onaddr
essedt
he
rev
oluti
onar
ydemandsandexpectat
ions?

209.“
Benevol
entdespot
ism .
”Howf
art
ruei
sthi
sasser
ti
ont
owar
dsNapol
eon1”
s
domesti
cpoli
cy?

210.“
TheCi
vil
Constit
utionoftheCl
ergymar
kedat
urni
ngpoi
nti
nthesuppor
tbaseof
theFr
enchr
evolut
ion“.Discuss

211.
Howfarandbywhatmeansweret
heideal
sofli
bert
y,equal
i
tyandf
rat
erni
ty
achi
evedi
nrevol
uti
onar
yFr
ancei
ntheyear
supt o1799?

13
212.Towhatextentwer
ethenat
ural
disast
ersr
esponsi
blef
ort
heout
breakoft
he
Frenchr
evol
ution?

213.Whydur
ingt
heperiod1799-
1815wasNapoleonBonapar
temoresuccessf
ult
han
theear
li
erFr
enchrul
ersinmaint
aini
nghi
msel
finpowerwithi
nFr
ance?

214.Exami
net
hecontr
ibut
ionsoft
heenl
i
ght
enmentphi
l
osopher
stot
hecomi
ngoft
he
rev
oluti
oni
nFrancei
n1789?

215.
Towhatext
enti
sMussol
i
ni’
sri
set
opoweraccount
edf
orbyt
heappeal
ofFasci
sm

216.Howj
ust
if
iedi
sthev
iewt
hatt
heFi
rstWor
ldWarwasKai
ser
’swar
?

217.
Exami
net
her
easonsf
ort
hedef
eatofGer
manyandheral
l
iesi
ntheFi
rstWor
ldwar
i
n1918.

218.
Howf
arandwi
thwhatr
esul
tst
oIt
alywasFasci
stI
tal
ytot
ali
tar
ian?

219.
Discussthepar
tpl
ayedbyf
orei
gnai
dtot
hev
ict
oryoft
heNat
ional
i
stsi
ntheci
vi
l
wari
nSpai n.

220.
Assessthecont
ri
but
ionoft
heTr
eat
yofVer
sai
l
lest
otheout
breakoft
heSecond
Worl
dWar .

221.
Howf
arandi
nwhatway
swer
ethet
ermsoft
hePar
isPeaceSet
tl
ementv
indi
cti
ve?

222.Whyinspi
teofmanyset
backswasFr
anceabl
etosur
viv
eAl
l
iedi
nter
vent
ion
between1792and1799?

223.
Exami
net
heai
msandr
esul
tsoft
heNazi
for
eignpol
i
cyunderAdol
fHi
tl
er.

224.
Whyandwi
thwhatr
esul
tsby1790,
wast
heEst
atesGener
alcal
l
edi
n1789?

225.Whydidtherel
ati
onsbet
weenLoui
sXVIandt
her
evol
uti
onar
iespr
ogr
essi
vel
y
deter
ior
atebetween1789and1793?

226.“Ablessingandacurseatt
hesamet
ime.
”Di
scusst
hisv
iewoft
heRei
gnof
Terr
ori
nrevoluti
onar
yFrance.

227.
Howf ardi
dNapol
eonBonapar
teconsol
i
dat
ethegai
nsoft
heFr
enchRev
olut
ion
wit
hinFr
ance?

228.
Whatcont
ri
but
edmor etothedownfal
lofNapol
eonBonapar
te:
hisceasel
ess
sear
chf
orglor
yori
ntensenat
ional
i
sti
cresi
stancei
nEurope?

229.
Towhatext
entdi
dther
ival
ri
esoft
hedi
ff
erentnat
ional
i
tiesi
ntheBal
kanst
hreat
en

14
i
nter
nat
ional
stabi
l
itydur
ingt
heper
iod1878t
o1914?

230.
Howi mpor
tantwast
hepar
tpl
ayedbyt
heThi
rdEst
atei
ntheFr
enchr
evol
uti
onup
to1795?

233.“
Wi t
ht hefal
loftheBast
il
le,
flamesofr
evol
twentl
eapi
ngsky
war
ds.
”Assesst
he
val
idi
tyofthisquest
ion.

231.Accountf
ort
her
iseofAdol
fHi
tl
ert
opower
.

232.
Howf
arwer
eGer
manypol
i
ciesr
esponsi
blef
ort
heout
breakoft
heFi
rstWor
ldWar
?

233.Whydi
dLoui
stheXVIconv
enet
heEst
atesGener
ali
n1789andwhydi
ditnotsol
ve
thosepr
obl
ems?

234.“
Anecessar
yev
il
.”Towhatext
enti
sthi
sst
atementt
rueoft
heRei
gnofTer
ror
?

235.
Accountf
ort
hecol
l
apseoft
heWei
marRepubl
i
c.

236.“
Thefeart
hatFrancewant
edtoexpor
tther
evol
uti
onwasunj
ust
if
ied.
”Di
scusst
his
vi
ewofFrance’
sfor
eignpoli
cyf
rom 1789t
o1799.

237.Howjust
if
iabl
eist
heviewthatr
evisi
oni
sm oft
hepeacet
reat
ieswast
he
mainspr
ingofGermany’
sforei
gnpol
icyfr
om 1934topt
o1939?

238.Towhatext
entwasthenobi
l
ityi
nFr
ancer
esponsi
blef
ort
hef
ail
ureofmoder
ate
ref
orm pol
i
ciesupto1793?

239.
Cri
ti
cal
l
yassesst
hecont
ri
but
ionoft
hef
orei
gner
stot
hev
ict
oryoft
heNat
ional
i
sts
i
ntheSpani
shCivi
lWar
.

240.Towhatext
entwer
etheFr
enchphi
l
osopher
sresponsi
blef
ort
hecomi
ngoft
he
rev
oluti
oni
n1789?

241.
Howf
arwasl
i
ber
ty,
equal
i
tyandf
rat
erni
tyachi
evedi
nrev
olut
ionar
yFr
ance1789-
1795?

242.
Assesst
hei
mpor
tanceofRobespi
err
eint
heFr
enchr
evol
uti
on.

243.“
Benev
olentr
athert
handespot
ic.
”Howf
art
ruei
sthi
sasser
ti
onl
ooki
ngat
Napol
eon’
sdomesticpol
ici
es?

244.“
TheCont
inent
alSy
stem mar
kedNapol
eon’
sdownf
all
.”Howf
ardoy
ouagr
ee?

245.
Towhatextentshoul
dNapoleonBonaparte’
sgov
ernmenti
nFr
ancef
rom 1799up
to1814bedescr
ibedasrut
hlessanddi
ctator
ial?

15
246.“
TheFr
enchrevol
uti
onwasdir
ect
edbythemi ddl
ecl
ass.
”Howv
ali
dist
his
commentondevel
opmentsi
nFrancef
rom 1789-
1799?

247.Di
scusst
hev
iewt
hatNapol
eon1soughtt
orul
eFr
ancebyf
orcer
athert
hanby
consent
?

248.
Assesst
her
elat
ivecont
ri
but
ionsofPr
ussi
a,Br
it
ainandRussi
atot
hedef
eatof
Napol
eon.

249.Whi
chgroupsbenefi
tt
edandwhichgr
oupssuf
fer
edf
rom t
hechangesi
nthesoci
al
str
uctur
eofFrancedur
ingtheyear
supto1799?

250.“Therei
sli
tt
lehecoul
dhavedonet
oav
ertt
her
evol
uti
onof1789i
nFr
ance.“
Ist
his
atruejudgmentofLoui
sXVI?

251.Weret
heprobl
emswhichf
acedLoui
sfr
om hi
saccessi
ont
opoweri
n1774
unsolv
edorwer
esimpl
ymismanaged?

252.
Accountf
ort
her
esul
tsoft
heFr
enchr
evol
uti
onof1789.

253.
Est
imat
ethecont
ri
but
ionofNapol
eonont
hedownf
alloft
heDi
rect
oryGov
ernment
.

254.“
TheDir
ect
oryGov
ernmentf
all
asr
esul
toft
he1799coup d’
état.
”Ev
aluat
ethi
s
asser
ti
on.

255.“
Int
ernaldi
ff
icul
ti
esoftheDirectoryGov
ernmentandthever
yunevenmil
i
tar
y
achi
evementsof1796-1799opent hewaytothesei
zuretopowerbyNapol
eon
Bonapar
te.”Di
scusstheval
idi
tyoft hi
sasser
ti
on.

256.“Theatt
emptsofLoui
sXVIt
oescapefr
om Fr
ancei
n1791weredeci
siv
efort
he
fut
ureoftherev
olut
ion.
”I
sthi
str
ueaboutt
hefl
i
ghttoVar
ennes?Di
scuss.

257.
Eval
uat
etheRei
gnofTer
rori
nRev
olut
ionar
yFr
ance.

258.
Assest
her
oleofGust
avSt
ressmani
nGer
manybet
ween1923-
1929.

259.”
Hitl
er’
ssuccessi
nhi
sdomest
icpol
i
cieswasonl
ysuper
fi
cial
.”Ev
aluat
ethi
s
assert
ion.

260.
Didt
heJacobi
nsdomor
etoassi
stort
hreat
ent
hesur
viv
aloft
heFr
enchr
evol
uti
on?

261.
Exami
net
hev
iewt
hatNapol
eon1gav
eFr
anceor
deratt
heexpenseofl
i
ber
ty.

262.
Howwasat
heRepubl
i
cancoal
i
tiongov
ernmentr
esponsi
blef
ort
heSpani
shCi
vi
l
War/?

16
263.
Towhatext
entwer
ethepeasant
sgr
iev
ancesagai
nstt
her
evol
uti
onar
ypr
inci
ples?

264.Howf arwasLoui
sXVI
’
spol
i
ciesr
esponsi
blef
ort
hef
ail
ureofmoder
ater
efor
m
pol
icies?

265.
Didt
heRei
gnofTer
rordi
dmor
etosav
ethant
othr
eat
ent
heFr
enchRev
olut
ion?

266.“
TheFrenchr
evol
uti
onwasmai
nlycausedbyer
ror
sofomi
ssi
ont
hant
hoseof
commissi
on.”Doyouagr
ee?

267.
TheDi
rect
oryGov
ernmentwast
hemor
esuccessf
ulr
evol
uti
onar
ygov
ernment.
”Do
youagr
ee?

268.Towhatextentdidther
oleofRobespi
err
eleadt
otheexecut
ionofmany
counter
rev
olut
ionar
ies?

269.“Domest
icpol
i
ciesofNapol
eonBonapar
te1799-
1815br
oughtmanychangesi
n
France.
”Doyouagr
ee?

270.“
Hisfor
eignpol
i
cyhadnothi
ngtooff
erfar
ce.
”Howf
ardoy
ouagr
eewi
tht
hisv
iew
ofNapol
eonBonapart
efor
eignpol
icyt
o1815?

271.“
TheFr
enchRev
olut
ionwascausedbyt
hechar
act
erofLoui
sXVI
.”Doy
ouagr
ee?

272.Howfarwer
eWoodrowWilson’
s14poi
ntsappl
i
edAtt
hePar
isPeaceSet
tl
ementat
theendoftheFi
rstWor
ldwar
?

273.
Whywast heLeagueofNat
ionssuccessf
uli
nmai
ntai
ningwor
ldpeacei
nthe1920s
butnoti
nthe1930s?

274.“
Aspl
endi
dfai
l
ure.
”Di
scusst
hiswi
thr
efer
encet
otheLeagueofNat
ions.

275.Towhatext
entdi
dGermany
’si
mplementat
ionoft
heSchl
i
eff
enPl
anl
eadt
othe
defeatoft
heCentr
alpower
sint
hefi
rstWor
ldwar?

276.Showhowevent
sintheBal
kanscausedsomucht
ensi
onamongt
hegr
eatpower
s
between1908and1914.

277.“
Cruel
inordert
obeki
nd.
”Towhatext
enti
sthi
sasser
ti
ont
ruei
nNapol
eon’
s
domesti
cpoli
cy?

278.“Onl
yamili
tarygeni
usbutl
acksl
eader
shi
pqual
i
ties.
”Di
scusst
hisv
iewwi
th
regar
dstoNapoleon1

279.
Howf
arwer
ethegai
nsoft
heFr
enchRev
olut
ionof1789wor
tht
hepai
nitcaused?

17
280.“
Theinf
luenceofthegreatFrenchthi
nker
swast hemosti
mpor
tantcauseoft
he
1789rev
olut
ioninFrance.
”Cri
tical
lyexami
nethisasser
ti
on.

281.
WhywasLoui stheXVInotabl
etosat
isf
ythegr
iev
ancesoft
hedi
scount
edgr
oups
i
nFr ancef
rom 1789-1793?

282.“
Thecommonpeopl
espur
redbyaf
ewi
ntel
l
ect
ual
swer
ethei
deal
rev
olut
ionar
ies
i
nFrancei
n1789.
”Di
scuss.

283.
Didt
heJacobi
nsdomor
etoassi
stort
hreat
ent
heFr
enchRev
olut
ion?

284.
WasNapol
eon’
srul
einFr
anceaut
hor
it
ari
an?

285.
Whatci
rcumst
ancesenabl
edNapol
eonBonapar
tet
obecomeFi
rstconsol
e?

286.
Whydi
dLoui
sXVIt
ryt
oescape?
Whatr
esul
tsf
oll
owedf
rom hi
scapt
ure?

287.Whyweret
heEuropeanpower
snotundul
yal
armedatf
ir
stbyt
heout
breakoft
he
rev
olut
ioni
nFrance?

288.
Towhatext
entweretheindependentBal
kannat
ionst
obl
amef
ort
heunr
estand
ri
val
ryi
ntheBal
kansatthatt
ime?

289.“Thef
ateoft
heFr
enchmonar
chywasseal
edbyt
hef
li
ghtt
oVar
renness.
”Doy
ou
agree?

290.
Whywast
her
eli
tt
leopposi
ti
ont
oHi
tl
er’
sdi
ctat
orshi
pint
he1930s?

291.
Howf
ardi
dtheGr
eatdepr
essi
oncont
ri
but
etot
hedownf
all
oft
heWei
marRepubl
i
c?

292.
Towhatext
entwast
het
reat
yofVer
sai
l
lesf
airt
oGer
many
?

293.“
Revol
uti
onar
ychangescont
ri
but
edt
other
iseofNapol
eon1.
”Howf
art
ruei
sthi
s
poi
ntofv
iew?

294.
Descri
beandexpl
aint
her
oleoft
heJacobi
nCl
ubt
otheFr
enchr
evol
uti
onbet
ween
1789to1794.

295.“
Mussoli
ni’
sdomest
icpol
i
cywer
efort
hebenef
itoft
heI
tal
i
ans.
”Towhatext
enti
s
thi
sasser
ti
ontrue?

296.
Towhatextentdi
dthef
all
oft
heWei
marRepubl
i
ccont
ri
but
edt
other
iseoft
he
Nazit
opower?

297.
Whydidtheint
ernat
ional
warbr
okeoutasar
esul
toft
heSar
ajev
oassassi
nat
ion
andnotbef
ore?

18
298.
Whydi
dNapol
eonBonapar
tei
nvadeRussi
ain1812?

299.“
Napol
eonBonapar
tewassuccessf
uli
nEur
opebetween1803and1809because
hi
senemieswer
eincompet
entanddivi
ded.
”Howfardoyouagree?

300.“
Themai nef
fectofNapoleonBonapartedur
ingt
heConsul
ategover
nmentwast
o
bri
ngorderandst
abil
it
ytoFrance.”Howf ardoyouagreewi
tht
hisvi
ew?

301.
ShowhowMussol
i
niest
abl
i
shedt
otal
cont
rol
inI
tal
ybet
ween1922and1930?

302“
Nal
pol
eon’
sper
sonal
abi
l
itycont
ri
but
edmostt
ohi
sri
set
opower
.”Di
scuss.

303.“
Thel i
ter
atur
ewr i
tt
enbyt
heFr
enchphi
losophersenl
ight
enedtheFrenchpeopl
eto
goagainstthegover
nmentwhi
chwasunder
mi ni
ngtheirr
ight
s.”HowFardoy ouagr
ee?

304.
Whydi
dtheFr
enchr
evol
uti
onbr
okeouti
n1789?

305.Howfarwasdiscont
entamongt
hepeasant
sresponsi
blef
ort
heout
breakoft
he
rev
oluti
oninFr
ance?

306.Howf
arwasNapoleonBonapar
teabl
etobal
ancemi
l
itar
ism anddi
plomacyi
nthe
peri
odbet
ween1802-
1815?

307.Giv
eacrit
ical
analysi
soft
hemil
it
aryandnaval
str
ategiesofPit
tint
hewaragai
nst
theFrenchr
evolut
ionandNapol
eonBonapar
teinhi
sforei
gnpolicy
?

308.Wast heforei
gnpoli
cyofNapoleonBonapar
techar
act
eri
sedbyany
thi
ngmor
e
thanceaselesssearchf
orper
sonalglor
y?

309.
Whichposedgr
eat
ert
hreatbef
ore1799i
ntheFr
enchr
evol
uti
on:
int
ernal
or
ext
ernal
for
ces?

310.
Expl
ainNapol
eon’
sabi
l
ityi
nest
abl
i
shi
ngast
abl
egov
ernmenti
nFr
ancei
n1799t
o
1814.

311.“
Economi
cchall
engescontr
ibut
edtot
hecol
l
apseoft
heWei
marRepubl
i
c.”
Eval
uatet
heval
i
dit
yofthisst
atement.

312.
Howsi mi
larandhowdi
ff
erentwer
ethepol
i
ciesoft
heConst
it
uentAssembl
yand
theDi
rect
ory?

313.Di
scusstheval
idi
tyoft
hecl
aimt
hatt
her
uleoft
heDi
rect
orymar
kedt
heendoft
he
Frenchrev
oluti
on.

314.“
Letthem eatcake.”Howtrueisthi
sstat
ementont
heext
rav
aganceoft
hequeen
towar
dsthecausesoft heFrenchrevol
uti
on?

19
315.Howseri
ousachal
lengewast
heki
ng’
sposi
ti
ont
othepr
ogr
essi
ver
efor
msi
n
Francebet
ween1789-
1793?

316.
Towhatext
entdi
dtheJacobi
nschanget
hecour
seoft
heFr
enchRev
olut
ion?

317.
Howandt
owhatex
tentdi
dthe1792warr
adi
cal
i
sedFr
ance?

318.
Towhatext
entwast
heFr
enchRev
olut
ioncausedmai
nlybyt
hef
inanci
alcr
isi
s?

319.Howandwithwhatr
eacti
onfr
om Loui
sXVI,di
dtheNati
onal
Assembl
ydealwit
h
thechal
lengesf
aci
ngRevol
uti
onar
yFrancei
ntheper
iodbet
ween1789and1791?

320.“
Atr
agedyf
ort
heFr
enchRev
olut
ion.
”Di
scusst
hisv
iewoft
hei
mpactoft
he1792
war.

321.
Howv
ali
disi
ttodescr
ibeNapol
eon1asanhei
rtot
heFr
enchRev
olut
ion?

322Howandwithwhatsuccess,wasNapol
eonabl
etoexer
cisedomi
nanceov
er
Europei
ntheper
iod1800to1814?

323.Towhatext
entdi
dtheimperi
alr
ival
ri
esaggr
avat
etensi
onsamongt
hemaj
or
Europeanpower
sintheper
iod1870t
o1914?

324.
Howf ar,
andwhy,di
dthepeacet
reat
ieswhi
chendedt
heFi
rstWor
ldWardepar
t
fr
om Wi
lson’si
deal
s?

325.
Towhatext
entwasMussol
i
ni’
sri
set
opowerar
esul
toft
heappeal
ofFasci
sm ?

326.
Whydi
dther
ightwi
ngf
orceswi
ntheSpani
shCi
vi
lWar
?

327.
How,andwhy,
wasGer
manyabl
etor
egai
nit
sposi
ti
onasagr
eatpowerbet
ween
1933and1939?

328.
Whyi
nspi
teofi
tsmi
l
itar
ypr
epar
edness,
wasGer
manydef
eat
edi
ntheFi
rstWor
ld
War?

329.
Towhatextentdi
dtheri
val
ri
esoft
hedif
fer
entnat
ional
i
tiesi
ntheBal
kanst
hreat
en
i
nter
nat
ional
stabil
i
tydur
ingt
heperi
od1878to1914?

330.
Whatcont
ri
but
edmor etothedownfall
ofNapol
eonBonapar
te:
hisceasel
ess
sear
chf
orglor
yori
ntensenati
onal
istr
esist
ancei
nEurope?

331.
Howsi
gni
fi
cantwer
etheeconomi
cfact
orst
otheout
breakoft
heFi
rstWor
ldWar
?

332.Whywi t
hwhatconsequencest
oFrancedidtheFrenchRev
olut
ionar
iesabandont
he
consti
tut
ionalmonar
chyin1792infav
ourofrepubl
icani
sm?

20
333.HowfarhadtheFrenchRev
olut
ionar
iesabandonedt
heconser
vat
iveaut
ocr
ati
c
pri
ncipl
esoftheAnci
enRegimeby1799?

334.
Why,
inspi
teofhi
sdi
ctat
orshi
pwasat
her
enor
evol
uti
onagai
nstNapol
eon1?

335.”I
twasNapol
eon’
srel
ent
lessaggr
essi
vepol
icytowardsBri
tai
nwhi
chbr
oughtt
he
FrenchEmpi
redown.Howfardoyouagreewit
ht hi
sassert
ion?

335.Towhatext
entdi
dthedepart
ureofBi
smar
ckf
rom t
heGer
manypol
i
ticscont
ri
but
e
totheout
breakoft
heFir
stWorldWar>?

336.
Towhatext
entcani
tbearguedthatHi
tl
er’
ssuccessinforei
gnpol
i
cybet
ween
1933and1939wer
eduet ot
acti
calskil
l
sthantheweaknessesofhi
senemi
es?

337.
Exami
net
her
easonsf
ort
heout
breakoft
heSpani
shCi
vi
lWarof1936.

21
22