DI

RECTAI
DSECONDARYSCHOOL
ENGLI
SHLANGUAGE
PAPER2
TI
ME:
2HOURS
FORM ONE
ENDOFYEAREXAMI
NATI
ONS
TI
ME:
2HOURS

I
NSTRUCTI
ONSTOCANDI
DATES

Answeral
lquest
ionsusi
ngbl
ackorbl
uepens.

Shapeal
lyourl
ett
ersv
erycl
ear
ly.

I
NFORMATI
ONFORCANDI
DATES

Thenumberofmar
ksi
sgi
veni
nbr
acket
s[]att
heendoft
hequest
ionorpar
tquest
ion.

Youar
eadv
isedt
ospend1hour30mi
nut
esonSect
ionAand30mi
nut
esonSect
ionB.

Mi
stakesi
nspel
l
ing,
punct
uat
ionandgr
ammarmaybepenal
i
zedi
nanypar
toft
hepaper
.

1
 SECTI
ONA[
30MARKS]

Readt
hef
oll
owi
ngpassagev
erycar
eful
l
ybef
orey
ouat
temptanyquest
ion.

Answeral
lquest
ions.

Mistakesi
nspel
l
ing,
punct
uat
ionandgr
ammarmaybepenal
i
zedi
nanypar
toft
he
paper.

DROUGHTI
NZI
MBABWE
1.Zi
mbabwehasal waysbeenhitbysever
edrought
s.Oneofthef i
rstr
ecordeddroughtsto
af
fectZimbabweoccurredbetween1820and1830.Therewer ealsof iveconsecuti
ve
t
h
dr
oughtyearsinZi
mbabwebet ween1844and1849.Int
he20 cent ury,sever
edroughts
st
ruckbetween1921–1930,1946–1947,1967–1973,1982–1983and1986–1987.
Oneoftheworstdr
oughtinl
i
vingmemoryoccur
redbet
ween1991–1992.

2.Drought
,thesevereshor
tageofrai
nfal
loveraprolongedper
iod,usual
lyt
woyearsorl
onger
,
hasanegat i
vei mpactonwat ersuppli
esofacount ryorregion.Theamountofwater
avai
labl
eanditsquali
tyarer
educedduri
ngadr ought.

3.Explanati
onsf ort hecausesofdr oughtrangef r
om t hetraditi
onaltot hereligiousand
scienti
fi
c.Tradit
ionally
,peoplethinkthatdroughtiscausedbyt heancestorswhoar eangry
withpeople’
sbaddeedssuchasbabydumpi ng,di
srespectf ortradi
ti
onalcustoms,war s,
corrupti
on,homosexual it
y,to ment ion butjusta f ew.Fr om a sci ent
if
ic perspecti
v e,
met eor
ologi
sts,peopl ewhost udyt heweat her
,havedi ff
erentv iewsaboutwhatcauses
droughtintheSout her
nAf ri
ca.Forraintofalli
ntheSout hernAf r
ica,abandofr ain-bear
ing
cl
oudsknownast heI nterTropicalConvergenceZone–t heITCZ,mustmov esout hwards
acrosstheequat or.

4.Toaddmor eplatteront hesci ent i

ficcauseofdr ought,numerouspl ausibleexplanations
havebeenpr opounded.Twoi nt
erlinkedphenomenamai nlyputf orwardbymet eorol
ogists
andcl i
matologistsconnect edt ot heoccur r
encesofdr oughtarev olcanicer upti
onsandEl
Nino.Somemet eorologistst hi
nkt hatthedr oughtinSout her
nAf ri
cai scausedbyt he
mov ementofanoceancur rentknownasElNi no,whichisfoundsomewher enearSout hern
Amer i
ca.ElNi noischar act
er i
zedbyt heappearanceofunusual l
ywar m, nut r
ient-
poorwat er
conditi
onsleadingt ot heoccur renceofdr ought.Moreover,volcanicer upti
onshav ebeen
considered as anothercul pri
tf ordr oughtoccur r
ence.Lar ge volcani c erupti
ons eject
sulphurdioxi
dei ntothest ratospher e,theatmosphericlayer,wherei tmi xeswi thwatert o
createsulphuricacid.Thi saci dcanpr eventheatfrom escapingt heear t
h’sat mospher e,
 resul
ti
ngi nhi ghert
emper at
uresthatcontr
ibutetothegreenhouseeffect
.Thesev ol
cani
c
acti
vit
ies release carbon dioxi
de,a green house gas,i nt
ot he atmospher
e.These
greenhousegasest rapheati nsi
detheear th’
satmosphere,heati
ngi tup,l
eadingtoa
processcalledglobalwarming.

5. Fur
ther
mor
e,met
eor
ologi
stsandcl
i
mat
ologi
stshav
eal
soat
tr
ibut
edt
her
emov
aloft
rees
andv eget
ati
on,knownasdeser
ti
fi
cat
ion,asanot
hernot
ori
ousgr
adualcauseofper
sist
ent
drought.

6.Ont heothersideofthecoi n,rel

i
giousbeliever
shav eadif
fer
entnoti
onont hecauseof
drought
.Theyof t
enclaimt hatdroughtsandf l
oodsareapunishmentfr
om Godf orsi
ns
suchasal coholanddr ugabuse,di vorce,andt er
ri
blecr
imesl i
kebabydumpi ng,rape,
homosexuali
tyandmur der
.Al lt
hesecrimesgoagai nstt
hecommandsofAl l
ah,t
hecr eat
or,
theLordoftheworlds.

7.Whateveritscauses,droughtcanbev erybadi ndeedduet oi t

sdev ast
ati
ngeffectonboth
thefaunaandf l
ora.Fr
om t hedroughtst hathitZi mbabwesof ar,manypeoplewer elef
t
suff
eri
ngduet otheshortageofwat ersincemanyr i
versanddamsdr iedupandev enthe
l
argestreservoi
rsshrankt oalar
mi ngl
ylow l evels.Insimplerterminol
ogy,droughtposed
seri
ouseffect
sonpeopl e’sdomesticli
ves, r
ecreation,heal
th,agri
cult
ureandindustr
y.

8.Waterquali
tyisalsoaffect
eddur i
ngadr oughtandthiscancontri
butetotheout
breakof
di
seases li
ke choler
a.Forexampl e,duri
ng t
he 1991/92 drought
,nearly8000 peopl
e
cont
ractedthedisease.Intheyear2016,thecountr
y’shealt
hauthori
ti
esissuedacholer
a
andtyphoi
doutbreakalerti
nthecapitalHar
areduetoseverewatershor
tages.

9.Childr
enandt heelderl
yareal waysthewor staff
ectedpeopl ei
nsuchcri
ses.Fort
unat el
y, i
n
thedr oughtof1991- 1992,t heSupplement ar
yFeedi ngSchemewasi ntr
oducedbyt he
governmentandot herorganizati
ons.Thismeantpr ovi
dingf ood–rati
onsofmai ze,beans
andf i
sh–t oaffectedfamil
ies.Also,abrandofy el
lowmai zeknownas“ Kenya”(
sonamed
becauseofwher ei tcamef rom),fl
oodedt hecount ry
.Ot hergrai
nswerealsoimpor ted.In
additi
on,torai
semoneyf orthepur chaseofallthi
sf ood,t hegover
nmenthadt oraiset he
taxespaidbythewor kersandt hecompaniesunt i
lthedroughtwasov er.

3
10.
Theeconomyoft hecountryalsosuf f
er ed.Farmerswer efor
cedt ol
ayof fthousandsof
farm workersandf act
ori
esputt hei
rfor cesonr educedhour sordi smissedthem.Manyof
thecommunalpeopl ewhonor mallyr eceivedt hei
rincomef rom thesal eofcropsand
li
vestockhadnomoneyt ospendonf ood, clot
hesandschoolf ees.Insomear eas,chil
dren
stoppedgoingt oschoolbecauseofhunger .Ontheot hersideofthecoi n,
wildani
mal salso
peri
shed,theircar
casses(skel
etons)trappedondr y,crackedri
verbeds.

11.
Thedr oughtt aughtusmanyl essonsandinrespondt othecrisis,t
hegover
nmentembar ked
onamassi veprojectofdr i
lli
ngboreholesordeepeningtheexi sti
ngones.Manyr uralpeople
hadt owal klongdi stancest of i
ndwat er
.Inthecities,waterr ati
oni
ngwasi ntroducedi n
ordert omaker eservesl astuntilt
henextseason.InBul away o,oneofthewor sthitcities,
househol dswer er estr
icted toaf ew hundred l
it
resofwat erperday .The suppl yof
electr
icit
ywasal sot hr
eat enedwhent hewaterlevelatKar ibaDam f el
ltool ow fort he
generators.Thecombi nedshor t
ageofwat erandel ectr
ici
tysev erel
yaff
ectedi ndustries.
Manyf actori
esandcompani esconsideredshutti
ngdownormov i
ngtociti
eswhi chhad
betterwat ersupplies.

12.
Inabi dtolessentheburdenofdrought,t
hegov ernmenttookmanydr ast
icmeasures.
Apar tfr
om borehol
edri
l
li
nganddam const r
ucti
on,planstotapthewatersoftheZambezi
RivertosupplyBulawayoandthewesternareasoft hecountr
ywer espeededup.Equally
impor t
ant,every
onemustl ear
nt oconservewater,whateverit
ssour ce.Aboveall,t
he
count r
yhast oensurethateveryyear
,adequatereservesofmai zeandot heressenti
al
grainsarekeptinst
orei
ncaseofanotherfut
uredrought.

13.
From acl i
mat ologi
ststance, wemustallbeunitedf
rom allwalksofli
fetofi
ghtagai
nstthe
emissionofgr eenhousegasesi ntheatmospherewhi chdefini
tel
ycauseglobalwarming
whichf urt
hert ri
ggerscli
mat echange.Topr eventt
hiscli
mat echangewhichcontri
buteto
droughts,wemustl ookaft erournatur
alresour
ces(especial
l
yt r
ees)andfi
ndway stoemit
fewergr eenhousegases( e.gexhaustfumesf r
om vehicl
esandsmokef r
om fact
ori
esand
fi
res)i
nt otheat mosphere.

14.
Todr i
vet hepoi
ntbackhome,i ti
sofpar amountimport
ancetobepr epar
edalway
s.
Prev
entionisbett
ert hancure.Younev erknow whenElNino,t
hespi
ri
tsoft hel
andor
whoevercausesdroughtwil
lstr
ikeagai
n.
Answeral
lquest
ions.

Fr
om par
agr
aph1

1)I
nwhi
chy
eardi
dZi
mbabwef
ir
stex
per
ienceddr
ought
?[1]
.

Fr
om par
agr
aph2

2)Gi
veadef
ini
ti
onof“
drought
”whi
chi
sgi
veni
nthepassage.[
1].
5
 Fr
om par
agr
aph3

3)Gi
vet
hreeexpl
anat
ionsf
ort
hecausesofdr
ought
?[3]

4)Nameanyt
hreepeopl
e’
sbaddeedswhi
chcauseancest
orst
obeangr
y.[
3]

5)Whoi
samet
eor
ologi
staccor
dingt
othi
spassage?[
1]

6)Whatdoest
heabbr
evi
ati
onI
TCZst
andsf
or?[
1]

Fr
om par
agr
aph4

7)Whati
stheEl
Nino?[
1]

8)Whati
sthest
rat
ospher
e?[
1]

Fr
om par
agr
aph5

9)Whati
sdeser
ti
fi
cat
ion?[
1]

Fr
om par
agr
aph6

10)Whatcausesdr
oughtaccor
dingt
orel
i
giousbel
i
ever
s?[
2]

11)Namet
wot
err
ibl
erel
i
gioussi
nst
hatcausesdr
ought
.[2]

Fr
om par
agr
aph7

12)Namet
wowor
dswhi
chmeanst
hesameas“
ani
mal
sandt
rees”
.[2]

Fr
om par
agr
aph8

13)Whi
chdi
seasei
scausedbypoorwat
erqual
i
ty?[
1]

14)I
n2016,
whi
chci
tywasaf
fect
edbychol
eraandt
yphoi
d?[
1]

Fr
om par
agr
aph9

15)Menti
onany2t
ypesoffoodwhi
chwereint
roducedbyt
heSuppl
ement
aryFeedi
ng
Scheme t
othoseaff
ect
edbydr
ought?[1]

Fr
om par
agr
aph10

16)Gi
vear
easonwhychi
l
drenst
oppedgoi
ngt
oschool
dur
ingdr
ought
.[1]

Fr
om par
agr
aph11

17)Gi
vear
easonwhyel
ect
ri
cit
yatKar
ibaDam wasaf
fect
eddur
ingt
hedr
ought
.[1]
 Fr
om par
agr
aph12

18)Nameanymeasur
etakenbyt
hegov
ernmentt
oreducet
hebur
denofdr
ought
.[1]

Fr
om par
agr
aph13

19)Whatdi
dcl
i
mat
ologi
stsencour
agepeopl
etodoi
nor
dert
oreducedr
ought
?[1]

20)Namet
henat
ural
resour
cement
ionedi
nthi
spar
agr
aph.[
1]

21)Nameanyt
hreesour
cesofgr
eenhousegases.[
3]

SECTI
ONB[
20MARKS]

SUPPORTI
NGLANGUAGESTRUCTURESANDSKI
LLS

Par
tA:Homophones

Chooset
hecor
rectwor
dfr
om t
hebr
acket
s.

1)Iwi
l
l[t
ail
/t
ale/
tel
l
]youa[
tai
l
/tal
e/t
ell
].

2)Idon’
tknow[
weat
her
/whet
her
]Mr
.Kagodor
awi
l
lcomet
oschool
.

3)[
They
/Thei
r/
Ther
e]wer
ecl
eani
ng[
they
/thei
r/
ther
e]cl
assr
oom.

4)Fl
orencewassl
eepi
ngona[
bad/
bed][
bad/
bed]
.

5)I[
bag/
beg]y
out
ocar
rymy[
bag/
beg]
.

Par
tB:Pr
eposi
ti
ons

6)Ishal
lwr
it
eal
ett
er-
--
--
--
-theHer
aldNewspaperedi
tor
.[
wit
h/f
rom/
to/
int
o/on/
abov
e/of
]

7)Iam wr
it
ingt
heexami
nat
ion-
--
--
--
-abl
uepen.[
by/
on/
via/
wit
h/t
hrough]

8)Thi
sist
heboy
---
--
--
-sat
chel
wasst
olen.[
who/
whom/
whose/
what
/that
]

9)-
--
--
--
-bal
li
sthat
?[t
hat
/who/
whose/
whom/
to/
those]

10)Ishoul
dli
ket
oknow-
--
--
--
-t
hrewt
hest
one.[
whose/
whom/
who/
about
]

Par
tC:Anagr
ams

7
Cr
eat
eani
mal
namesf
rom t
hef
oll
owi
ngscr
ambl
edwor
ds.

11)gpi
,tbbr
ia,
eymokn

Par
tD:Punct
uat
ion

Punct
uat
ethef
oll
owi
ngpl
aci
ngt
heapost
rophi
eatt
hecor
rectposi
ti
on.

12)Thi
sisSusansbag.

Par
tE:Tenses

Changet
hesesent
enceswhi
char
eint
hepr
esentt
ense,
tot
hepastt
ense.

13)Heknowshi
spar
t.

14)Iwr
it
etheexami
nat
ion.

15)Heswi
mint
her
ivery
est
erday
.