Cl

ass8
Subj
ect-Sci
ence
Lesson10-Reachi
ngt
heageofadol
escence
Exer
cises:
Q1-Whati
stheter
m usedf
orsecr
eti
onsofendocr
inegl
andsr
esponsi
blef
orchangest
aki
ng
pl
acei
nthebody
?
Ans.Hor
monesist
heterm usedf
orsecr
eti
onsofendocr
inegl
andsr
esponsi
blef
orchanges
taki
ngpl
acei
nthebody.
Q2-Def
ine-
adol
escence.
Ans.Theperi
odofli
fewhent
hebodyunder
goeschangesl
eadi
ngt
orepr
oduct
ivemat
uri
tyi
s
cal
ledadol
escence.
Q3-Whati
smenst
ruat
ion?Expl
ain.
Ans.I
ffer
ti
li
zat
iondoesn'toccur
,therel
easedeggandthethi
ckenedli
ningoft
heuter
usal
ong
wit
hit
sbloodvessel
s,areshedoff.Thiscausesbl
eedi
nginwomen, whi
chiscall
ed
menstr
uati
on.
Q4-Li
stchangesi
nthebodyt
hatt
akepl
aceatpuber
ty.
Ans.Fol
l
owi
ngar
ethechangesi
nthebodyt
hatt
akepl
acedur
ingpuber
ty:
-

 I
ncr
easei
nhei
ght
.

 Muscl
esofbodygr
ow.

 I
ncr
easei
nthesecr
eti
onsofsweatandsebaceousgl
and(
Oil
gland)
.

 Voi
ceboxorl
ary
nxgr
owsl
argeri
nboy
sandt
hei
rvoi
cebecomehoar
se.

 Inboy
smal esexhormonesdev
elopcompl
etel
yandi
ngi
rl
stheov
ari
esenl
argeandt
he
eggsbegi
ntomat ur
e.

 I
nboy
sfaci
alhai
r(bear
dandmoust
ache)dev
elops.

 I
nboy
sandgi
rl
s,hai
rgr
owsunderar
msandi
npubi
cregi
on.
Q5Pr epar
eat abl
ehav
ingt
wocol
umnsdepi
cti
ngnamesofendocr
inegl
andsandhor
mones
secr
etedbythem.
Ans.

Endocr
ine Hor
mones
gl
ands

1.
Pit
uit
arygl
and Pi
tui
tar
yhormonesand
gr
owthhormones
2.Thy
roi
dgl
and Thy
roxi
ne

3.Adr
enal
gland Adr
enal
i
ne

4.Test
es Test
ost
erone

5.Ov
ari
es Est
rogenandpr
ogest
erone

6.Pancr
eas I
nsul
i
n

Q6.Whatar
esexhor
mones?Whyar
etheynamedso?St
atet
hei
rfunct
ions?
Ans.Thehor monest hataresecr
etedbythet
estesandovar
iesar
ecalledsexhor
mones.These
hormonesar eresponsibl
eforthedevel
opmentofmaleandfemalesecondar
ysexual
charact
ers.Hencearecal l
edsexhormones.Thesehel
pustodist
ingui
shbetweenmaleand
female.
Funct
ions-
Malehormones-Thesearet
ermedas't
estost
erone'
,whi
chhelpi
nthepr
oducti
onofsperms
anddev
elopmentofmalesexchar
act
erssuchasfaci
alhai
rgrowt
h(moustacheandbear
d).
Femalehormones-Thesear
e'estr
ogen'and'
progest
erone'
whichhelpinr
egul
ati
ngf
emal
esex
char
acter
s.Progest
eronei
sresponsi
bleinmai
ntenanceofpregnancy.
Q7.Chooset
hecor
rectopt
ion:
a)Adol
escent
sshoul
dbecar
eful
aboutwhatt
heyeat
,because
Ans.i
i
)Pr
operdi
eti
sneededf
ort
her
api
dgr
owt
htaki
ngpl
acei
nthei
rbody
.
b)Repr
oduct
iveagei
nwomenst
art
swhent
hei
r
Ans.i
)menst
ruat
ionst
art
s.
c) Ther
ightmeal
foradol
escent
sconsi
stof
Ans.i
i)chapat
i,dal
,veget
abl
es.
Q8.Wr
it
eshor
tnot
eson:
a)Adam'
sAppl
e–
Atpubert
y,thevoi
ceboxorlar
ynxbegi
ntogr
owlar
geinmales,
whi
chcanbeseenasthe
pr
otrudi
ngpartofthet
hroat
,call
edAdam'
sAppl
e.I
tisduet
oAdam'sAppl
ethemaleshav
elow
pi
tchedvoice.
b)Secondar
ysexual
char
act
ers-
Ingirl
sbreast sdevel
opatpuber
tyandinboy
sfacialhair(
moustacheandbeard)begi
nt ogrow.
Asthesef eatureshel
ptodi
sti
nguisht
hemalefrom t
hef emal
e,t
heyarecall
edsecondarysexual
charact
ers.Thesechangeswhichoccurr
edarecontr
olledbyhor
moneswhi charesecr
etedby
endocri
negl ands.
c)Sexdeterminati
onintheunbornbaby -Maleshav eoneXandoneYsexchr omosomes,whi
le
femaleshavetwoXsexchr omosomes.Theunf ert
il
izedeggal way
shasoneXchr omosome.
Testi
sproducestwotypesofsper ms,onewithXchr omosomeandot herwit
hYchr omosome.
Whenasper m contai
ningXchromosomef er
til
i
zerstheegg, thezygot
ewouldhav etwoX
chromosomesandwhi chwilldevelopi
ntoaf emalechild.I
fthesperm cont
ri
butesaY
chromosomet otheegg(ov um )atfer
ti
li
zati
on, t
hezy gotewoulddevelopi
ntoamal echi
l
d.

Di
agr
am-Sexdet
ermi
nat
ioni
ntheunbor
nbaby
.
Q9.Whyt
heendocr
inegl
andsar
ecal
l
edt
heduct
lessgl
ands?
Ans.Endocri
neglandsarecal
l
edt heductl
essgl
andsbecauset
heyr
eleasehor
monesdi
rect
ly
i
ntothebloodst
ream tosti
mulat
et hegr
owthandrepr
oducti
on.
Q10.Whi
chgl
andi
scal
l
edt
hemast
ergl
and?
Ans.Pi
tui
tar
ygl
andi
scal
l
edt
hemast
ergl
andbecausei
tcont
rol
sot
hergl
andsandt
hei
r
secr
eti
ons.
Q11.Whypeopl
egetacneandpi
mpl
esont
hef
aceatt
hepuber
ty?
Ans.Manypeoplegetacneandpimpl
esont
hef
aceatt
hepuber
tybecauseoft
hei
ncr
eased
act
ivi
tyofsweatandsebaceousgl
ands.