ND105–FUNDAMENTALSOFFOOD

TECHNOLOGY-LECTURE

TOPI
C11

RADI
ATI
ONPRESERVATI
ON

Obj
ect
ives:
Att
heendoft
hisl
esson,
youcan
1.Expl
aint
heTheor
iesi
nradi
ati
onpr
eser
vat
ionoff
oods.
2.Cl
assi
fyt
hesour
cesofi
rr
adi
atedf
oods.
3.Descr
ibeAppli
cati
onofradiati
onandadv
ant
agesanddi
sadv
ant
agesi
nfood
pr
eservat
ion
4.I
denti
fypackagi
ngofir
radiatedfoods
.

I
I-LESSONTOPI
C:

Radi
ati
onPr
eser
vat
ion-Pr
efaceofPr
ojectFoodi
rr
adi
ati
oni
sapr
omi
singnewf
oodsaf
ety
t
echnol
ogyt
hatcanel
imi
nat
edi
sease-
causi
ngger
msf
rom f
oods.Thef
oodt
hatNASA
ast
ronaut
seathasbeenst
eri
l
izedbyi
rr
adi
ati oav
ont oidget
ti
ngf
oodbor
nei
ll
nessi
n
space.Di
sease-
causi
ngger
msar
ereducedorel
i
minat
edt
hef
ooddoesnotbecome
r
adi
oact
ivedanger
oussubst
ancesdonotappeari
nthef henut
oodst ri
ti
onalval
ueoft
he
f
oodi
sessent
ial
lyunchanged.I
rr
adi
ati
onorcol
dst
eri
l
izat
ion
I
rr
adi
ati
ondoesnotmakef
oodsr
adi
oact
ive,
compr
omi
senut
ri
ti
onalqual
it
y,ornot
iceabl
y
changet
het
ast
e,t
ext
ure,orappear
anceoff
ood.I
nfact
,anychangesmadebyi
rr
adi
ati
on
ar
esomi
nimal
thati
tisnoteasyt
otel
li
faf
oodhasbeeni
rr
adi
ated.
Food i
rr
adi
ati
on (
theappl
icat
ion ofi
oni
zing r
adi
ati
on t
ofood)i
sa t
echnol
ogyt
hat
i
mpr
ovest
hesaf
etyand ext
endst
heshel
fli
feoff
oodsbyr
educi
ng orel
imi
nat
ing
mi
croor
gani
smsandi
nsect
s.Li
kepast
eur
izi
ngmi
l
kandcanni
ngf
rui
tsandv
eget
abl
es,
i
rr
adi
ati
oncanmakef
oodsaf
erf
ort
heconsumer
.TheFoodandDr
ugAdmi
nist
rat
ion(
FDA)
i
sresponsi
blef
orr
egul
ati
ngt
hesour
cesofr
adi
ati
ont
hatar
eusedt
oir
radi
atef
ood.The
FDAappr
ovesasour
ceofr
adi
ati
onf
oruseonf
oodsonl
yaf
teri
thasdet
ermi
nedt
hat
i
rr
adi
ati
ngt
hef
oodi
ssaf
e.

I
rr
adi
ati
oncanser
vemanypur
poses.
 Pr
event
ionofFoodbor
neI
ll
ness– t
oef
fect
ivel
yel
i
minat
eor
gani
smst
hatcause
f
oodbor
nei
l
lness, Sal
suchas  monel
l
a  Escher
and  ichi
acol
i
 (E.col
i
).
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 ND105–FUNDAMENTALSOFFOOD
TECHNOLOGY-LECTURE

 Pr
eser
vat
ion – t
o dest
roy ori
nact
ivat
e or
gani
sms t
hatcause spoi
l
age and
decomposi
ti
onandext
endt
heshel
fli
feoff
oods.
 Cont
rolofI
nsect
s– t
odest
royi
nsect
sinoront
ropi
calf
rui
tsi
mpor
tedi
ntot
he
Uni
tedSt
ates.I
rr
adi
ati
onal
sodecr
easest
heneedf
orot
herpest
-cont
rolpr
act
ices
t
hatmayhar
mthef
rui
t.
 Del
ayofSpr
out
ingandRi
peni
ng–t
oinhi
bitspr
out
ing(
e.g.
,pot
atoes)anddel
ay
r
ipeni
ngoff
rui
ttoi
ncr
easel
ongev
ity
.
 St
eri
l
izat
ion–i
rr
adi
ati
oncanbeusedt
ost
eri
l
izef
oods,
whi
chcant
henbest
oredf
or
y
ear
swi
thoutr
efr
iger
ati
on.St
eri
l
izedf
oodsar
eusef
uli
nhospi
tal
sforpat
ient
swi
th
sev
erel
yimpai
red i
mmunesy
stems,suchaspat
ient
swi
thAI
DS orunder
goi
ng
chemot
her
apy
.Foodst
hatar
est
eri
l
izedbyi
rr
adi
ati
onar
eexposedt
osubst
ant
ial
l
y
hi
gherl
evel
soft
reat
mentt
hant
hoseappr
ovedf
orgener
aluse.

Ther
ear
ethr
eesour
cesofr
adi
ati
onappr
ovedf
oruseonf
oods.
 Gammar
aysar
eemi
tt
edf
rom r
adi
oact
ivef
ormsoft
heel
ementcobal
t(Cobal
t60)
oroft
heel
ementcesi
um (
Cesi
um 137)
.Gammar
adi
ati
oni
susedr
out
inel
yto
st
eri
l
izemedi
cal
,dent
al,
andhousehol
dpr
oduct
sandi
sal
sousedf
ort
her
adi
ati
on
t
reat
mentofcancer
.
 X-
ray
sar
epr
oducedbyr
efl
ect
ingahi
gh-
ener
gyst
ream ofel
ect
ronsof
fat
arget
subst
ance(
usual
l
yoneoft
heheav
ymet
als)i
ntof
ood.X-
ray
sar
eal
sowi
del
yusedi
n
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 ND105–FUNDAMENTALSOFFOOD
TECHNOLOGY-LECTURE

medi
cineandi
ndust
ryt
opr
oducei
magesofi
nter
nal
str
uct
ures.
 El
ect
ronbeam (
ore-
beam)i
ssi
mil
art
oX-
ray
sandi
sast
ream ofhi
gh-
ener
gy
el
ect
ronspr
opel
l
edf
rom anel
ect
ronaccel
erat
ori
ntof
ood.
 
TheFDAhasappr
ovedav
ari
etyoff
oodsf
ori
rr
adi
ati
oni
ntheUni
tedSt
atesi
ncl
udi
ng:
 BeefandPor
k
 Cr
ust
aceans(
e.g.
,l
obst
er,
shr
imp,
andcr
ab)
 Fr
eshFr
uit
sandVeget
abl
es
 Let
tuceandSpi
nach
 Poul
tr
y
 Seedsf
orSpr
out
ing(
e.g.
,foral
fal
faspr
out
s)
 Shel
lEggs
 Shel
l
fish-Mol
l
uscan
(
e.g.
,oy
ster
s,cl
ams,
mussel
s,andscal
l
ops)
 Spi
cesandSeasoni
ngs

I
rr
adi
ati
onorcol
dst
eri
li
zat
ion
-i
nvol
vest
heexposur
eoft
hef
oodt
oioni
zi
ngel
ect
romagnet
icwav
esoful
tr
avi
oletl
i
ght
,
hi
ghener
gyel
ect
ronbeamssuchasx-
ray
s&gammar
ay.
Radi
ati
onpr
eser
vat
ionoff
rui
tandv
eget
abl
e;
a)Ext
ensi
onofshel
f–l
i
febydest
ruct
ionofmi
croor
gani
sm
b)I
nhi
bit
ionofspr
out
ingofpot
atoesandoni
ons
c)Decr
easi
ngofr
ipeni
ngoff
ood
d)Di
sinf
est
ati
onoff
rui
ts,
par
ti
cul
arl
ydr
iedf
rui
ts

Foodi
rr
adi
atedby
• Gammar
ayspr
oducedbycobal
t60andcesi
um 137
• Bet
aray
spr
oducedbyel
ect
ronbeams
• X-
ray
s
I
rr
adi
atedf
oodi
sNOTr
adi
oact
ive
I
rr
adi
atedf
oodi
slabel
ed

Fact
orsaf
fect
ingl
evel
sofr
adi
ati
oni
nfoods
a)Ty
pesofmi
croor
gani
sm
b)Moi
stur
econt
entofFood
c)Sugar
s,CHONandf
ats
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 ND105–FUNDAMENTALSOFFOOD
TECHNOLOGY-LECTURE

d)Temper
atur
e
e)At
mospher
e
f
) pH
HowWi
llIKnowi
fMyFoodHasBeenI
rr
adi
ated?
TheFDAr
equi
rest
hati
rr
adi
atedf
oodsbeart
hei
nter
nat
ionalsy
mbolf
ori
rr
adi
ati
on.Look
f
ort
heRadur
asy
mbolal
ongwi
tht
hest
atement“
Treat
edwi
thr
adi
ati
on”or“
Treat
edby
i
rr
adi
ati
on”ont
hef
oodl
abel
.Bul
kfoods,suchasf
rui
tsandv
eget
abl
es,ar
erequi
redt
obe
i
ndi
vi
dual
l
ylabel
edort
ohav
eal
abelnextt
othesal
econt
ainer
.TheFDAdoesnotr
equi
re
t
hati
ndi
vi
duali
ngr
edi
ent
sinmul
ti
-i
ngr
edi
entf
oods(
e.g.
,spi
ces)bel
abel
ed.I
tisi
mpor
tant
t
oremembert
hati
rr
adi
ati
oni
snotar
epl
acementf
orpr
operf
oodhandl
i
ngpr
act
icesby
pr
oducer
s,pr
ocessor
s,andconsumer
s.I
rr
adi
atedf
oodsneedt
obest
ored,handl
ed,and
cooked i
nthe same wayas non-
ir
radi
ated f
oods,because t
heycoul
d st
il
lbecome
cont
ami
nat
edwi
thdi
sease-
causi
ngor
gani
smsaf
teri
rr
adi
ati
oni
fther
ulesofbasi
cfood
saf
etyar
enotf
oll
owed.(
www.f .USDr
da.gov ug&Admi
nist
rat
ion)

Adv
ant
agesanddi
sadv
ant
agesoff
ood 
Ir
radi
ati
on:
Benef
it
s Li
mit
ati
ons

Radiationprocessingdoesnotchanget extur
e Radi
ati
onpr
ocessi
ngcannotbe
andf reshnessoff ood,unl
ikeheat.I
nfact,i
tis appl
i
edtoal
lki
ndsoffoods.
diff
iculttodist
inguishbetweenirr
adiat
edand
non-ir
r adi
atedfoodont hebasisofcolor,
flavor
,
taste,aromaorappear ance.

Radiat
ionprocessi
ngdoesnotaff
ect Radi
ati
onprocessi
ngcannot
si
gnifi
cantl
ynutri
ti
onal
val
ue,fl
avour
,text
ureand makeabadorspoiledfoodl
ook
appearanceoffood. goodi.
e.i
tisnotamagicwand.

Radiat
ioncannotinduceanyradioacti
vi
tyi
nfood I
tcannotdest
royal
readypresent
anddoesnotl eaveanyharmfulortoxic pest
ici
desandtoxi
nsinfoods.
radi
oacti
veresiduesonfoodsasi sthecasewit
h
chemicalf
umi gants.

Iti
sav er
yeff
ecti
vemethodduetoit
shighl
y Compl i
anceofapar t
icularfood
penet
rati
ngnatur
eoft
her adi
ati
onener
gyand commodi tytoradi
ati
on
canbeusedonpackedfoodcommodi t
ies. processi
nghast obet estedfir
st
i
nal aborator
y.

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 ND105–FUNDAMENTALSOFFOOD
TECHNOLOGY-LECTURE

Pr
epackagedf
oodscanbemadest
eri
l
ethus Onlythosefoodsf orwhich
i
mprovi
ngshel
f-l
i
fe. specif
icbenefitsareachiev
edby
applyi
ngappr opri
atedosesand
thosedulypermi t
tedunderthe
PFARul es,(
1955)andnowFSSA
regul
ations(2011)canbe
processedbyr adiat
ion.

Theradi
ationprocessi
ngfaci
l
iti
esare -
-
envi
ronmentfri
endlyandaresafet
oworker
sand
publ
icaround.

Sour
ce: 
htt
p:/
/www.bar
c.er
net
.i
n/bmg/
ftd/
index.
html
Over
viewofIrr
adi
ati
onofFoodandPackaging

I
oni
zi
ng r
adi
ati
oncanext
end shel
fli
feand i
mpr
ovet
hequal
i
tyand saf
etyoff
oods.
Nat
ionalandi
nter
nat
ionalor
gani
zat
ionsandr
egul
ator
yagenci
eshav
econcl
udedt
hat
i
rr
adi
atedf
oodi
ssaf
eandwhol
esome.Abr
iefbackgr
oundoft
hef
oodi
rr
adi
ati
oni
ssues
l
eadi
ngt
otheseconcl
usi
onsi
sgi
ven.Despi
tei
tsl
i
mit
edusei
nthepast
,useoff
ood
i
rr
adi
ati
on i
sincr
easi
ng as consumer
s ar
e begi
nni
ng t
o appr
eci
atet
he benef
it
s of
i
rr
adi
atedf
ood.I
nter
esti
ntheuseoff
oodi
rr
adi
ati
oni
ncr
easedf
oll
owi
ngt
he1997USFood
andDr
ugAdmi
nist
rat
ionappr
ovalofi
rr
adi
ati
onf
orpat
hogencont
roli
nunpr
ocessedr
ed
meatandmeatpr
oduct
s.Thi
sappr
ovall
edt
onumer
ousst
udi
esonav
ari
etyoff
ood
i
rr
adi
ati
on appl
i
cat
ions.Si
nce f
ood i
s usual
l
y pr
epackaged pr
iort
oir
radi
ati
on,t
he
possi
bil
i
tyofr
adi
oly
tic pr
oduct
s bei
ng r
eleased f
rom packagi
ng mat
eri
alsi
ntof
ood
r
equi
resasaf
etyev
aluat
ion.Ther
efor
e,t
heuseoft
hesepackagi
ngmat
eri
alsi
ssubj
ectt
o
r
egul
ator
yrev
iewandappr
oval
pri
ort
othei
ruse.
I
.Ioni
zingRadi
ati
on
Radi
ati
onf
ort
het
reat
mentoff
oodi
sachi
evedt
hrought
heappl
i
cat
ionofgammar
ays
(
wit
hCo-
60orCesi
um-
137r
adi
oisot
ope)
,el
ect
ronbeams(
highener
gyofupt
o10MeV)
,or
X-
ray
s(hi
ghener
gyofupt
o5MeV)
.Radi
ati
onpr
inci
plesexpl
ainhowt
hegammar
ays,e-
beamsandX-
ray
sint
eractwi
thmat
ter
.Thesei
nter
act
ionsr
esul
tint
hef
ormat
ionof
ener
get
icel
ect
ronsatr
andom t
hroughoutt
he mat
ter
,whi
ch cause t
he f
ormat
ion of
ener
get
icmol
ecul
ari
ons.Thesei
onsmaybesubj
ectt
oel
ect
roncapt
ureanddi
ssoci
ati
on,
aswel
lasr
api
drear
rangementt
hroughi
on-
mol
ecul
ereact
ions,
ort
heymaydi
ssoci
atewi
th
t
imedependi
ngont
hecompl
exi
tyoft
hemol
ecul
ari
on.Ef
fect
sofr
adi
ati
ononmat
ter
dependont
het
ypeoft
her
adi
ati
onandi
tsener
gyl
evel
,aswel
last
hecomposi
ti
on,
phy
sical
stat
e,t
emper
atur
eandt
heat
mospher
icenv
ironmentoft
heabsor
bingmat
eri
al
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 ND105–FUNDAMENTALSOFFOOD
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I
I.I
rr
adi
ati
onofFood
Theuseofi
oni
zi
ngr
adi
ati
onf
orf
oodpr
eser
vat
ionbegani
ntheear
ly1920s.Lat
er,dur
ing
t
he1950s-
1960s,
theUSAr
myconduct
edr
esear
chi
ntol
ow-
doseandhi
gh-
dosei
rr
adi
ati
on
(
1)
ofmi
l
itar
yrat
ions  .Theseexper
iment
spr
ompt
edsi
mil
arst
udi
esi
not
hercount
ri
es,and
t
hei
nter
esti
nfoodi
rr
adi
ati
onhasgr
ownev
ersi
nce.Wi
thpr
operappl
i
cat
ion,
irr
adi
ati
oncan
beanef
fect
ivemeansofel
i
minat
ingand/
orr
educi
ngmi
crobi
alandi
nsecti
nfest
ati
ons
al
ongwi
tht
hef
oodbor
nedi
seasest
heyi
nduce,t
her
ebyi
mpr
ovi
ngt
hesaf
etyofmany
f
oodsaswel
lasext
endi
ngshel
fli
fe.
1.Saf
etyf
orConsumpt
ionofI
rr
adi
atedFoods
The saf
ety ofi
rr
adi
ated f
oods f
orhuman consumpt
ion has been quest
ioned
becausei
oni
zi
ngr
adi
ati
oncanl
eadt
ochemi
calchanges.Thewhol
esomenessof
i
rr
adi
ated f
oods has,t
her
efor
e,been t
he subj
ectofconsi
der
abl
e nat
ionaland
i
nter
nat
ionalr
esear
ch,whi
ch hasbeen r
evi
ewed and ev
aluat
ed byj
ointexper
t
commi
tt
eesoft
heI
nter
nat
ionalAt
omi
cEner
gyAgency(
IAEA)
,theWor
ldHeal
th
Or
gani
zat
ion(
WHO)
,andt
heFoodandAgr
icul
tur
alOr
gani
zat
ion(
FAO)oft
heUni
ted
Nat
ions.Theseexper
tgr
oupshav
euni
for
mlyconcl
udedt
hatt
hef
oodi
rr
adi
ati
on
pr
ocessdoesnotpr
esentanyenhancedt
oxi
col
ogi
cal
,mi
crobi
ologi
cal
,ornut
ri
ti
onal
(
2)
hazar
dbey
ondt
hosebr
oughtaboutbyconv
ent
ionalf
oodpr
ocessi
ngt
echni
ques  .
Theseor
gani
zat
ions,
alongwi
tht
heCodexAl
i
ment
ari
usCommi
ssi
onandnumer
ous
r
egul
ator
yagenci
es,hav
eendor
sedt
hesaf
etyoff
oodi
rr
adi
ati
on,pr
ovi
dingt
hat
GoodManuf
act
uri
ngPr
act
ices(
GMPs)andGoodI
rr
adi
ati
onPr
act
ices(
GIPs)ar
e
used.Thi
s has r
esul
ted i
nthe appr
ovalofi
rr
adi
ated f
oods bymanynat
ional
gov
ernment
s,al
thoughnotal
loft
heseappr
oval
shav
eledt
ouseofi
rr
adi
ati
oni
nthe
mar
ket
place.
2.I
dent
if
icat
ionandDet
ect
ionofI
rr
adi
atedFoods
Theabi
l
ityt
orel
i
abl
ydi
ff
erent
iat
ebet
weeni
rr
adi
atedandnon-
ir
radi
atedf
oodsor
i
ngr
edi
ent
sisi
nthe i
nter
estofgov
ernmentagenci
es,f
ood pr
ocessor
s,and
consumer
s.I
n addi
ti
on,det
ect
ion t
est
s can be used t
o enf
orce t
he l
abel
i
ng
r
equi
rement
s(seebel
ow)f
ori
dent
if
yingi
rr
adi
atedf
oods.Label
i
ngwi
l
lenhance
consumerconf
idencebypr
ovi
dingassur
anceoft
heconsumer
'sr
ightt
ochoose.
Fur
ther
mor
e,t
heknowl
edgeofr
adi
ati
on-
inducedchemi
calchangesi
nfoodpr
ovi
des
(
3)
t
hesci
ent
if
icbasi
sfort
hesaf
etyev
aluat
ionoft
heconsumpt
ionofi
rr
adi
atedf
ood  .
3.Label
ing

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Li
keot
herf
ormsofpr
ocessi
ng,i
rr
adi
ati
oncanaf
fectt
hechar
act
eri
sti
csoff
ood.
Consumerchoi
cemandat
est
hati
rr
adi
atedf
oodbeadequat
elyl
abel
edandunder
t
hegener
all
abel
i
ngr
equi
rement
s,i
tisnecessar
ythatt
hef
oodpr
ocessori
nfor
mthe
consumert
hatf
oodhasbeeni
rr
adi
ated.Label
i
ngofi
rr
adi
atedf
oodshowev
er,i
s
under
goi
ngr
eev
aluat
ioni
ntheUS.
Becauset
hewor
ds"
radi
ati
on"and"
ir
radi
ati
on"mayhav
enegat
iveconnot
ati
ons,
the
l
abel
i
ngr
equi
rementhasbeenv
iewedasanobst
acl
etoconsumeraccept
ance.
Manyi
nthef
oodi
ndust
rybel
i
evet
hatanal
ter
nat
ivewor
ding,e.
g."
elect
roni
cal
l
y
past
eur
ized,
"woul
dbehel
pful
.In1997.
4.ConsumerAccept
ance
Consumeradv
ocacygr
oupshav
eexpr
essedt
hei
rper
cept
iont
hatconsumer
sdonot
(
14)
wanti
rr
adi
atedf
oodpr
oduct
s  .Consumeraccept
ancei
sbasedonacompl
ex
deci
sion-
maki
ng pr
ocess wei
ghi
ng t
he per
cei
ved r
isks and benef
it
s off
ood
i
rr
adi
ati
oncompar
edt
otheexi
sti
ngal
ter
nat
ives.Theaccept
ancei
srel
atedt
othe
needs,bel
i
efsand at
ti
tudesoft
hei
ndi
vi
dualconsumerand t
henat
ureoft
he
economi
c,pol
i
tical
andsoci
alenv
ironment
.
5.FoodI
rr
adi
ati
onRegul
ati
ons
Gov
ernment
alr
egul
ati
onofi
rr
adi
ati
onoff
oodv
ari
esconsi
der
abl
yfr
om count
ryt
ocount
ry.
Wher
eir
radi
ati
oni
sper
mit
ted,r
egul
ati
onsar
eneededt
oli
censet
hepl
ant
,radi
oact
ive
mat
eri
alsorpr
ocess;
toensur
eradi
ati
onsaf
ety
,env
ironment
alsecur
it
y,andgener
alheal
th
andsaf
etydur
ingpl
antoper
ati
on;andt
opr
ovi
def
orsaf
edi
sposalofanyhazar
dous
mat
eri
alsatt
heendoft
heoper
ati
on.
6.Emer
gingFoodI
rr
adi
ati
onAppl
icat
ions
I
rr
adi
ati
oni
sanef
fect
ivef
orm off
oodpr
eser
vat
iont
hatext
endst
heshel
fli
feoft
hef
ood
andt
her
efor
ereducest
hespoi
l
ageoff
ood.Thepr
ocessal
sobenef
it
stheconsumerby
r
educi
ngt
her
iskofi
l
lnessescausedbyf
oodbor
nedi
seases.Foodi
rr
adi
ati
onmaybe
achi
evedusi
ngl
ow-
dose,
medi
um-
dose,
orhi
gh-
dosel
evel
sofr
adi
ati
on.
I
II
.Ir
radi
ati
onofFoodPackagi
ng
Topr
eventr
econt
ami
nat
ion,f
oodi
susual
l
ypackagedpr
iort
oir
radi
ati
on.Ther
efor
e,t
he
ef
fect
sofr
adi
ati
on on t
hef
ood-
packagi
ng mat
eri
alsmustal
so beconsi
der
ed when
ev
aluat
ingt
hesaf
etyofi
rr
adi
atedf
oods.I
rr
adi
ati
oncancausechangest
othepackagi
ng
t
hatmi
ghtaf
fecti
ntegr
it
yasabar
ri
ert
omi
crobi
alcont
ami
nat
ion.I
rr
adi
ati
onmi
ghtal
so
pr
oducer
adi
oly
sispr
oduct
sthatcoul
dmi
grat
eint
ofood,
aff
ect
ingodor
,tast
e,andpossi
bly

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t
hesaf
etyoft
hef
ood.
1.Regul
ator
yRequi
rement
s-Chemi
str
yConsi
der
ati
ons
Bot
hcr
ossl
i
nki
ngandchai
nsci
ssi
onr
eact
ionscanoccurdur
ingi
rr
adi
ati
onoff
ood-
packagi
ng mat
eri
als.I
f cr
ossl
i
nki
ng domi
nat
es,t
he mi
grat
ion of packagi
ng
component
sisnotexpect
edt
oincr
easeand,
inf
act
,isl
i
kel
ytodecr
easecompar
ed
t
othatobser
vedf
oruni
rr
adi
atedpackagi
ng.
2.Ev
aluat
ionofI
rr
adi
atedFood-
Packagi
ngMat
eri
als
St
udi
esoft
heef
fect
sofr
adi
ati
ononpol
ymer
icf
ood-
packagi
ngmat
eri
alshav
ebeen
l
i
mit
ed compar
ed t
othose f
ormedi
caldev
ices and phar
maceut
icalpr
oduct
s.
I
oni
zi
ngr
adi
ati
onf
orst
eri
l
izat
ionofmedi
caldev
icesandphar
maceut
ical
spr
ovi
des
adv
ant
agesov
ert
radi
ti
onal
heatandchemi
cal
ster
il
izat
ionmet
hods.

I
II
-ACTI
VITY

Exer
cise1A
Name:
Podpod,
Mar
ieAnt
oinet
teS. Dat
e:May10,
2021
Cl
assSchedul
e:Tuesday2:
30-4:
00pm

St
udyQuest
ions.
A.I
nst
ruct
ion.Def
inet
hef
oll
owi
ng:
Wri
tey
ouranswer
sont
hespacepr
ovi
dedf
or.

I
oni
zi
ngRadi
ati
on&.I
rr
adi
ati
onofFood
Whenwet
alkabout
,Ioni
zi
ngRadi
ati
on,i
tisbasi
cal
l
yar
adi
ati
onf
ort
het
reat
mentoff
ood
i
s achi
eved t
hrough t
he appl
i
cat
ion of gamma r
ays(
wit
h Co-
60 or Cesi
um-
137
r
adi
oisot
ope)
,el
ect
ronbeams(
highener
gyofupt
o10MeV)
,orX-
ray
s(hi
ghener
gyofup
t
o5MeV)
.Fur
ther
mor
e,i
odi
zi
ngr
adi
ati
onar
emostusedf
orgr
ainssuchasr
iceandwheat
t
ocont
roli
nsecti
nfest
ati
onwheni
nsect
shav
ebeenshownt
odev
elopr
esi
stancet
othe

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t
radi
ti
onalf
umi
gat
ion met
hods.Wher
eas t
he I
rr
adi
ati
on off
ood,i
tis basi
cal
l
ythe
appl
i
cat
ionofi
oni
zi
ngr
adi
ati
ont
ofoodandi
timpr
ovest
hesaf
etyandext
endst
heshel
f
l
i
feoff
oodsbyr
educi
ngorel
i
minat
ingmi
croor
gani
smsandi
nsect
s.Fur
ther
mor
e,wi
th
pr
operappl
i
cat
ion,i
rr
adi
ati
oncanbeanef
fect
ivemeansofel
i
minat
ingand/
orr
educi
ng
mi
crobi
alandi
nsecti
nfest
ati
onsal
ongwi
tht
hef
oodbor
nedi
seasest
heyi
nduce,t
her
eby
i
mpr
ovi
ngt
hesaf
etyofmanyf
oodsaswel
lasext
endi
ngshel
fli
fe.
Thus,I
rr
adi
ati
oncan
ser
vemanypur
posest
hesear
easf
oll
ows;Pr
event
ionoff
oodI
ll
ness,f
orpr
eser
vat
ion,
cont
rol
ofi
nsect
s,Del
ayofSpr
out
ingandRi
peni
ngandmanymor
e.

B.Enumer
atet
hef
oll
owi
ng:
1) Fact
orsaf
fect
ingl
evel
sofr
adi
ati
oni
nfoods

 Ty
pesofmi
croor
gani
sm
 Moi
stur
econt
entofFood
 Sugar
s,CHONandf
ats
 Temper
atur
e
 At
mospher
e
 pH

2) 5exampl
esofI
rr
adi
atedf
oods
Theexampl
esofi
rr
adi
atedf
oodsar
easf
oll
ows;
 Let
tuceandSpi
nach.
 Poul
tr
y.
 Seedsf
orSpr
out
ing(
e.g.
,foral
fal
faspr
out
s)
 Shel
lEggs.
 Shel
l
fish-Mol
l
uscan

C.Doy
ourownr
esear
chandshowi
magesofhowi
rr
adi
atedf
oodpr
ocess.

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Expl
anat
ionoft
hei
l
lust
rat
iont
hatwasbeenpr
esent
edabov
e,
Asy
oucansee,packagedf
oodi
spassedt
hroughar
adi
ati
onchamberonconv
eyorbel
t,
t
heni
tpassedt
hroughar
adi
ati
onbeam,l
i
keal
argef
lashl
i
ghti
nst
eadofcomi
ngi
ndi
rect
cont
ractwi
tht
her
adi
oact
ivemat
eri
als.Andwhenwet
alkaboutt
hepr
inci
plesofi
t,when
i
odi
zi
ngr
adi
ati
onpassest
hroughaf
oodpr
oduct
,someener
gyi
sabsor
bedbysome
chemi
cal
bond.Fur
ther
mor
e,somebondr
upt
ureandpr
oducef
reer
adi
cal
swhi
char
ehi
ghl
y
r
eact
iveandunst
abl
e.Af
tert
hat
,asy
oucanseet
heyar
einst
ant
aneousl
yrej
oinwi
th
nei
ghbor
ingcompoundsandt
her
esul
tsar
ecal
l
edr
adi
oly
siscompounds.Theyar
esi
mil
ar
t
othecompoundspr
oducebyheat
ing

Concl
usi
on:
I
nconcl
usi
on,
radi
ati
onpr
eser
vat
ionpl
aysasi
gni
fi
cantr
oleher
e,consi
der
ingt
hati
thel
psdest
roy
ori
nact
ivat
eor
gani
smst
hatcausespoi
l
ageanddecomposi
ti
onandext
endt
heshel
fli
feoff
oods.
Fur
ther
mor
e,Radi
ati
onpr
ocessi
ngdoesnotaf
fectsi
gni
fi
cant
lynut
ri
ti
onal
val
ue,
flav
our
,text
ure
andappear
anceoff
oodont
heot
herhand,
thel
i
mit
ati
onofi
t,t
her
adi
ati
onpr
ocessi
ngcannot
makeabadorspoi
l
edf
oodl
ookgood.

Checkl
i
st
St
udentisableto: (
√)
Descr
ibeIr
radiat
ionPr eser
vati
on
Under
standtheirradi
atedfoodsandNotr
adi
oact
ive
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Cl
assi
fyt
hePr
inci
plesbehi
ndofi
rr
adi
ati
onPr
eser
vat
ion

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