ANI

NVESTI
GATORYPROJECTON

Comparisonofthe
Cit
ri
cAci d
concentr
at i
oninthr
ee
dif
fer
entsampl esof
f
rui
tjuices.
Submi
tt
edbyGr
oupI
V

I
n-Ser
viceCour
sef
orPGTChemi
str
y,2ndSpel
l

Venue:KVNo1AFSJodhpur

(
23-
12-
2019–01-
01-
2020)
Theor
y

Volumet ri
canal ysi
si sthequant i
tati
veanal y
sisofcomponent sofar eacti
on.
Measur edv olumesoft he2sol utionsaremadet oreactsot hatt hereacti
oni s
j
ustcompl ete.Oneoft hesol ut
ionsi sofaknownconcent rati
onandi scalled
primaryst andard solut
ion.Inthebal anced chemicalreaction,stoi
chiomet ri
c
rati
osar einv ol
ved,ther
efore,i
fther eacti
ngv olumeandst rengt hofoneoft he
reactantsisknownt henitispossibletocalcul
atetheconcentrationoftheot her.

Whati
sci
tr
icaci
d?

Ci
tri
caci
disaweakorganicaci
d.I
tisanatur
alpr
eser
vati
ve/conser
vat
iveandi
s
al
sousedtoaddanaci
dicorsourt
astet
ofoodsandsof
tdrinks.

Exper
imentNo1

Aim:Prepar
ati
onofanon- st
andar
dsol
uti
onofNaOHofappr
oxi
mat
emol
ari
tyof0.
1M
fort
it
rati
onagai
nstj
uicesamples.

Pr
ocedur
e:

 2gr
amsofNaOHpel
l
etsar
ewei
ghedwi
tht
hehel
pofanel
ect
roni
cbal
ance.

 Theyar
edi
ssol
ved i
n a smal
lamountofdi
sti
l
led wat
ert
aken i
n a 500mL

measur
ingcy
li
nderwi
tht
hehel
pofagl
assr
od.

 Di
sti
l
ledwat
eri
saddedt
il
l500MLmar
kint
hemeasur
ingcy
li
nder
.

Mol
ecul
armassofNaOH=40g

Gr
amsi
n500MLof0.
1M sol
uti
on=2g

Resul
t:

Anappr
oxi
mat
e0.
1M sol
uti
oni
spr
epar
ed.
Exper
imentno.2

Aim:Tostandar
dizet
hepr
epar
edNaOHsol
uti
onbyt
it
rat
ingi
tagai
nst0.
1M sol
uti
onof
oxal
icaci
d.

Pr
ocedur
e:

• Fi
rstpr
epar
e0.
1M oxal
i
caci
d.

• Wei
gh3.
15gofoxal
i
caci
dwi
tht
hehel
pofanel
ect
roni
cbal
ance.

• Tr
ansf
ert
heoxal
i
caci
dtot
he250mLmeasur
ingcy
li
nderanddi
ssol
vei
nsmal
l

amountofdi
sti
l
ledwat
er.

• Fi
l
lthemeasur
ingcy
li
ndert
il
lther
equi
red250mLmar
k.

• Ti
tr
atet
hissol
uti
onwi
tht
heoneobt
ainedi
nExper
imentno.1(
a).

REACTI
ONBETWEENNaOHANDOXALI
CACI
D:

H2C2O4+2NaOH-
--
--
->Na2C2O4+2H2O

Mol
ari
tyofoxal
i
caci
d=M1

Vol
umeofoxal
i
caci
d=V1

Letno.ofmol
esofoxal
i
caci
dben1

Mol
ari
tyofNaOH=M2

Vol
umeofNaOH=V2

Letno.ofmol
esofNaOHben2

Then,

M1V1/
n1=M2V2/
n2

Vol
umeofNaOHused:
20.
6Ml
Hence,
cal
cul
ati
ngmol
ari
ty,
wegetM2=0.
097M

Resul
t:Mol
ari
tyofNaOHsol
uti
oni
s0.
097M

Exper
imentno.3

Aim:Toev al
uat
etheconcent
rat
ionsofci
tr
icaci
dbyv
olumei
nthr
eedi
ff
erentsampl
es
offr
uitj
uice.

Sampl
( eOfRealOr
angeJui
ce)
Pr
ocedur
e:

•Ri
nseal
ltheappar
atusanddr
ythem bef
oreuse.

•Takeaconi
cal
flaskandpourt
hej
uicesampl
eint
othebur
ett
eti
l
lthe0mLmar
k.

•Wi
tht
hehel
pofapi
pet
tepour10mLoft
he0.
097M sol
uti
onofNaOHi
ntoabeaker

•Not
edownt
hei
nit
ial
readi
ngsoft
hebur
ett
e

•Nowaddaf
ewdr
opsofphenol
pht
hal
eini
ndi
cat
ori
nthet
it
rat
ingbeaker
.

•Rel
easetheburet
teknobandl
ett
hej
uicesampl
efal
lint
hebeakerwi
thoutt
ouchi
ng
t
hebeakerwal
ls.

•Perf
ormthispr
ocedur
eti
l
lthecol
ouroft
het
it
rat
ingsubst
ancechangesf
rom l
i
ghtpi
nk
tot
ranspar
ent.

•Cl
oset
heknobandnot
etheendpoi
nti
nthebur
ett
e.

•Per
for
mthi
sexper
imentwi
th3r
eadi
ngs

Usi
ngf
ormul
a:

M1V1/
n1=M2V2/
n2

M=10X0.
097/
3X10.
4=0.
032

Wegetmol
ari
tyofr
eal
orangej
uiceas0.
032

Hence,
in1L6.
144gci
tr
icaci
dispr
esent
Sampl
eOfRealPi
neappl
eJui
ce
Pr
ocedur
e:

•Ri
nseal
ltheappar
atusanddr
ythem bef
oreuse

•Takeaconi
cal
flaskandpourt
hej
uicesampl
eint
othebur
ett
eti
l
lthe0mLmar
k.

•Takeabeakerandpi
pet
teout10mLOF0.
097M ofNaOHi
ntot
hebeaker
.

•Nowaddaf
ewdr
opsoft
hephenol
pht
hal
eini
ndi
cat
ori
nthet
it
rat
ingbeaker
.

•Perf
ormthispr
ocedur
eti
l
lthecol
ouroft
het
it
rat
ingsubst
ancechangesf
rom l
i
ghtpi
nk
tot
ranspar
ent.

•Cl
oset
heknobandnot
etheendpoi
nti
nthebur
ett
e.

•Take3r
eadi
ngs

Sampl
eOfFr
eshl
ySqueezedMausambhiJui
ce(
SweetLi
me)
Pr
ocedur
e:

•Ri
nseal
ltheappar
atusanddr
ythem bef
oreuse

•Takeaconi
cal
flaskandpour0.
097M NaOHsol
uti
oni
ntot
hebur
ett
eti
l
lthe0mLmar
k.

•Takeagr
aduat
edpi
pet
teandpourout10mLoft
hej
uicesampl
eint
oit

•Not
ethei
nit
ial
readi
ngs

•Nowaddaf
ewdr
opsoft
hephenol
pht
hal
eini
ndi
cat
ori
nthet
it
rat
ingbeaker
.

•Releaset
hebur
ett
eknobandl
etNaOHf
alli
nthebeakerwi
thoutt
ouchi
ngt
hewal
l
sof
thebeaker
.

•Perfor
m thi
s pr
ocedur
eti
l
lthe col
ouroft
he t
it
rat
ing subst
ance changes f
rom
t
ranspar
entt
oli
ghtpi
nk

•Cl
oset
heknobandnot
etheendpoi
nti
nthebur
ett
e.

•Take3r
eadi
ngs
Pr
ecaut
ions:

•Usecl
eananddr
yappar
atus.

•Tur
nthef
ansof
fwhi
l
eper
for
mingt
heexper
iment
.

•Per
for
mtheexper
imenti
nonesi
tt
ingonl
y.

•Usef
reshl
ypr
epar
edchemi
cal
s.

•Handl
etheequi
pmentwi
thcar
eandcaut
ion.

Sour
cesofEr
ror
:

oReadi
ngsmaynotbeaccur
ate.

oI
tmaynotbeacompl
etel
yst
andar
dsol
uti
on.

oTheappar
atusmaynotbewel
lgr
aduat
ed.

oTheappar
atusmaynotbecl
ean.

oThechemi
cal
maynotbef
resh.

Concl
usi
on:

•Hence,
weconcl
udet
hatt
hef
reshmausambhi
jui
cehast
hehi
ghestci
tr
icaci
dcont
ent
.

Or
derofci
tr
icaci
dcont
enti
s:

1.Fr
eshl
ysqueezedmausambhi
jui
ce :

2.Real
orangej
uice :

3.Real
pineappl
ejui
ce: :

Bi
bli
ogr
aphy

1.www.
ency
clopedi
a.com

2.www.
wiki
pedi
a.com
3.Br
it
anni
caency
clopedi
a

4.Pr
act
icalmanuali
nchemi
str
yforcl
assxi
i

5.Emear
taency
clopedi
a