WP2

Xi
angCheng
I
nst
ruct
or:Pr
of.Val
ent
inaFahl
er

Refl
ect
ion:
Whydoest
hepitchchange
Backi
n hi
gh s
chool
,Idi
scus
sed wi
th myf
riendsaboutouri
ntended
f
utur
emaj
ors
.WhenIdecl
aredt
hatImi
ghtpur
sueacar
eeri
nphys
ics
,
t
hey al
lshowed a s
ens
e off
earand s
urpr
ise.Fort
hem,phys
icsi
s
s
omet
hingwei
rdandabs
tract
,andt
heywoul
dn’twas
tet
imeonr
eadi
ng
phys
icsar
ti
clesf
ullofs
peci
fi
cter
ms.Foraper
sonwhof
indsi
nter
esti
n
phys
ics
,Ibel
ievet
hatphys
icscoul
dber
eal
is
ticandeas
il
yconnect
edt
o
ourdai
lyl
if
e,asl
ongasIexpl
aini
tinas
impl
erway.Ichos
etot
rans
lat
e
anexcer
ptf
r elRouan’sDoppl
om Dani erShi
ftt
oaki
ds’encycl
opedi
a
ar
ti
clei
ntr
oduci
ngt
heDoppl
eref
fect
.Mygoalwast
ogi
ver
eader
sin
age 1
0-1
3abas
ici
ntr
oduct
iont
othe magi
calDoppl
erEf
fectand i
ts
appl
icat
ion,andt
ocul
ti
vat
eani
nter
esti
nphys
icsf
ors
omeofmyyoung
r
eader
s.I
nthet
rans
lat
ion,bas
ici
deasi
nRouan’spaperwer
ekepti
ntact
,
wi
thmanycompl
exmat
hemat
icalt
ermsr
emovedt
oaccommodat
eto
t
henewgenr
e.

WhenIbeganwor
kingont
hepr
oject
,thef
irs
tthi
ngIhadt
ocons
ider
waswhatgenr
eIwasgoi
ngt
o us
einmyt
rans
for
mat
ion.Cons
ider
ing
t
hatt
heDoppl
erEf
fecti
sacompl
icat
edt
heor
yandmyaudi
encewoul
d
beki
dsi
nage1
0-1
3andt
hatt
heymi
ghtnotbepat
ientt
oreadt
oo
muchnumber
sandequat
ions
,Ichos
etot
rans
lat
etheor
igi
nalpi
ecet
oa
ki
d encycl
opedi
a.Fr
om t
henon,myt
askwass
etup:t
rans
for
ming a
s
ciencer
evi
ewar
ti
clet
oaki
d’sencycl
opedi
a.

I
nas
ciencer
evi
ew ar
ti
cle,t
hewr
it
ingpur
pos
eisus
ual
lydes
cri
bingand
eval
uat
ingr
esul
tsofr
esear
ch,s
tudy,andexper
iment
ati
on.I
tisal
ways
wr
it
tenf
oranaudi
encewhoi
sas
ciencej
our
nalr
eader
shi
p.Theor
igi
nal
pi
eces
tar
tedwi
thi
ntr
oduci
ngt
hehi
stor
yabouthow Doppl
erpr
opos
ed
hi
stheor
y and t
hen l
is
ts4 s
peci
fi
c equat
ionst
ofur
therexpl
aini
t.
However
,for my t
rans
lat
ion, my i
ntended audi
ence wer
e young
t
eenager
s who mi
ghthave l
it
tle backgr
ound ors
peci
fi
cint
eres
tin
phys
ics
,es
peci
all
ywaves
.Fr
om r
eadi
ngKer
ryDi
rk’sNavi
gat
ingGenr
es
(
201
0,252-260)
,Il
ear
ntt
oadj
ustt
hef
orm ofmyt
extbas
edont
he
i
nter
estofmyaudi
ence.Ideci
dedt
ost
artt
heencycl
opedi
awi
thadai
ly
-l
if
e cas
eto ar
ous
ethei
rat
tent
ion,f
oll
owed by a cl
earand s
hor
t
expl
anat
ion us
ing t
he Doppl
erEf
fect
,and f
inal
ly Ii
nser
ted f
urt
her
appl
icat
ionsoft
het
heor
ytoi
nspi
remyr
eader
stoexpl
oremor
e.

The f
irs
tthi
ng Ineeded t
o handl
e was f
igur
ing outan at
tract
ive
begi
nni
ng.Idi
dn’ts
tar
tbyt
ell
ingt
hehi
stor
yoft
het
heor
y:i
twoul
dbe
bor
ingf
ors
omechi
ldr
en.I
nst
ead,Iempl
oyedahook.‘Whenyouwal
k
al
ongt
hes
treetwi
thyourpar
ent
s,haveyouevernot
icedt
hatt
hepi
tch
ofas
ireni
shi
gherasanambul
anceappr
oachesandt
henl
owerast
he
ambul
ance pas
ses by?’ (
1st par
agr
aph)
. Al
mos
t ever
y ki
d has
exper
ienced s
omet
hing l
ike t
his
,sot
hisques
tion woul
d ar
ous
ethei
r
i
nter
estt
ofol
lowwhatIwasgoi
ngt
otel
l:t
heDoppl
eref
fect
.

Af
terf
igur
ingapr
opers
tar
t,Ibegant
hinki
ngoft
hecont
enti
ncl
udedi
n
myt
rans
lat
ion.A convent
ionofaki
dencycl
opedi
aisus
ingwor
dst
hat
ar
esi
mpl
eandf
ami
li
art
oki
ds.Whi
le,i
ntheor
igi
nalpi
ece,t
heaut
hor
ut
il
ized r
esul
tsf
rom exper
iment
sand s
peci
fi
cbutcompl
exwor
dst
o
des
cri
be t
he t
heor
y. I del
eted char
ts and t
abl
es t
hat s
hows
mat
hemat
icalandphys
icalmeani
ngs
,andr
epl
acedt
hem wi
thpi
ctur
es
vi
vid and eas
yto under
stand f
oryoung r
eader
s(l
ike t
he ambul
ance
gr
aphIus
ed i
nthef
irs
tpage)
.What
’smor
e,i
ntheor
igi
nalpi
ece,i
t
ment
ionedt
ermsl
ike“f
requency”and“wavel
engt
h”att
hebegi
nni
ng,
andIt
ri
edt
omakes
uremyr
eader
sunder
standt
hes
eter
msbyaddi
ng
an i
ll
ust
rat
ion and del
eti
ng s
ome i
rr
elevant wor
ds.Fi
rst
,Ibui
lta
backgr
ound,connect
ingt
hes
oundofas
irent
oanabs
tractt
erm:wave.
ThenIpos
tedt
het
heor
yaboutmot
ionandf
requency,whi
chki
dscan
under
standonl
ywhent
heyhaveknown“wave”.Af
teri
ll
ust
rat
ingt
he
t
heor
y,Ibr
oughtmyr
eader
sbackt
otheambul
ancecas
etomakes
ure
t
hatt
heyr
eal
lyunder
standhowt
heDoppl
eref
fectwor
ds.Gr
eat
!Att
his
poi
nt,Ihadal
readys
olvedt
heor
igi
nalques
tionpos
tedatt
hebegi
nni
ng
oft
hisar
ti
cle,butIdeci
dedt
omovef
urt
her
.

Thi
swasbecaus
ethes
igni
fi
canceofki
dencycl
opedi
aist
hati
tar
ous
esa
ki
d’si
nter
esti
nthi
sar
ea,s
othatt
hecont
ents
houl
dn’tj
ustbel
imi
ted
t
oones
peci
fi
ctopi
c.Ast
heaut
hor
,If
eltt
hatIhadt
hedut
ytos
howmy
r
eader
sthe amazi
ng poweroft
he Doppl
eref
fect
:Is
tepped i
nto
i
ntr
oduci
ngf
urt
herappl
icat
ionsoft
het
heor
y:det
ect
ings
tar
sinout
er
s
pace(
page3-4)
.Ichos
ethi
stopi
cbecaus
emanyki
dsar
eint
eres
tedi
n
expl
ori
ngs
pace,s
oshowi
ngt
hem t
hisamazi
ngmagi
cwoul
dgetmor
e
r
eader
sbei
nlovewi
thphys
ics
.

Thr
oughoutmyt
rans
lat
ion,Imades
uret
hati
tref
lect
edt
hemai
nideas
f
rom t
he or
igi
nalpi
ece,t
hatDoppl
eref
fectbas
ical
lyt
alks about
:
f
requencyoft
hewavewoul
dchangewhens
our
ceandt
heobs
erverar
e
movi
ngr
elat
ivet
oeachot
her(
Rouan2009,-70-71
).Tomakei
tles
s
di
ffi
cul
tto under
stand,Il
eftt
he equat
ionsofcal
cul
ati
ng how t
he
f
requency changesexact
ly.Iwasaf
rai
dthatt
he t
ext
book-l
ike f
ont
woul
d make ki
dsbor
ed,s
o Ichos
e aMonot
ype Cor
sivas
tyl
eint
he
begi
nni
ng par
tand Mongol
ian Bai
tidur
ing i
ll
ust
rat
ion.Iwasabl
eto
r
ecogni
ze t
he i
mpor
tance of changi
ng f
ont becaus
e of Mel
ani
e
Gagi
ch’s Mul
ti
modalCompos
ing.Thatr
eadi
ng al
soi
nspi
red me t
o
empl
oyvi
sualmodesi
nmypaper(
Gagi
ch201
9,5-9)
.(Forexampl
e,I
under
li
nedi
mpor
tantt
ermsl
ike“f
requency”t
odr
aw r
eader
s’at
tent
ion
t
oit
.)Ever
ythi
ngl
ookedwel
l,butIdi
dfaces
omet
roubl
es,ass
hown
bel
ow.

Onedi
ffi
cul
tyIencount
eredi
showt
omakemyr
eader
sst
ayf
ocus
edon
t
hisar
ti
cle.Inot
icedt
hatmyl
anguagewast
oos
trai
ght
for
war
d,andt
he
pas
sagewasabi
tlongf
oraki
dtor
ead.Thus
,somei
nter
act
ionswer
e
needed.Whenexpl
aini
ng“f
requency”i
nthet
hir
dpar
agr
aph,Iaddeda
conver
sat
ion t
o cr
eat
e as
ens
ethatmyr
eaderi
stal
king t
o me,not
at
tendi
ngal
ect
ureandt
aki
ngnot
es,s
omet
hingt
heymi
ghtnotbekeen
on.Al
so,Iempl
oyedaj
oke“(
Don’twor
ry,no onewoul
dnot
icet
he
waveyouemi
t,becaus
eiti
stoos
mal
l)”t
omaket
hem r
elaxed.Apar
t
f
rom t
hes
e,ut
il
izi
ngas
pat
ialmode,di
vidi
ngs
omepar
agr
aphst
oshor
ter
oness
othatyoungr
eader
swoul
dfeeleas
iert
oread,al
sohel
ped.

Ot
hercl
ass mat
eri
als al
so hel
ped a l
oti
n my t
rans
lat
ion pr
oces
s.
McCl
oud’si
deasof“s
cene”and“act
ion”r
emi
ndedmet
othi
nkcar
eful
ly
aboutt
hei
mageIwant
edt
oshow t
omyr
eader
s(McCl
oud2006,4-5)
.
Fori
nst
ance,whencompos
ingt
hehook(
int
hef
irs
tpar
agr
aph)
,Iwas
goi
ngt
oincl
udedet
ail
sli
ke“whenyous
iti
namovi
ngcar
…youheara
s
oundwi
thacer
tai
npi
tch…” Mor
eimpor
tant
ly,Il
ear
nedt
orevi
semy
t
extaf
terr
eadi
ngGi
les
’Ref
lect
iveWr
it
ing andt
heRevi
si
onPr
oces
s:
WhatWer
e You Thi
nki
ng (
201
0,1
98-203)and t
he Shi
ttyFi
rstDr
aft
.
Theyt
aughtmet
oacceptt
hos
edef
ect
sinmyugl
yfi
rstdr
aft(
Iins
ert
ed
manycompl
exand bor
ing equat
ionswi
thoutanyf
unnypi
ctur
est
hat
chi
ldr
enwoul
dli
ket
oread)
,andt
oimpr
oveunderaf
ramewor
kIs
etup
i
nthe begi
nni
ng.Thes
e al
lcont
ri
but
ed t
o my t
rans
lat
ion f
rom an
academi
car
ti
clet
oas
hor
tpaperki
dsmi
ghtl
iket
oreadabout
.

Over
all
,thi
str
ans
lat
ionpr
oces
slef
tmeameani
ngf
ulexper
ience.Asa
phys
ics l
over
,Ial
ways r
egar
ded phys
ics as i
nter
est
ing and hi
ghl
y
connect
ed t
o ourdai
lyl
if
e.However
,when i
tcame t
o expl
aini
ng a
phys
icsconceptt
osomeonewhohasl
imi
tedbackgr
oundi
nthi
sar
ea,i
t
wasachal
lenget
omakei
teas
yandi
nter
est
ingt
oread.Thi
sshowedme
t
hes
igni
fi
canceofgenr
etr
ans
for
mat
ion:Ihavet
oreal
lyunder
standt
he
convent
ionsofdi
ffer
entgenr
ess
oIcanmakes
uret
hatt
hepaperwoul
d
appealt
omynew audi
ence.Ihadt
oincor
por
atedi
ffer
entmodesand
cons
idert
heconvent
ionsi
nsuchanewgenr
e.Themos
timpor
tantpoi
nt
wasr
eadi
ngmydr
aftf
rom t
hevi
ew ofar
eader
,notass
omeonewhoi
s
al
ready a phys
icsmaj
or:af
teral
l,t
eachi
ng my r
eader
sto appl
ythe
Doppl
erEf
fecti
nthei
rli
fewasnotmygoal
.Al
lIwant
edwast
ogi
ve
t
eenager
sabas
icconceptoft
hisamazi
ngt
heor
y,andpl
ant cur
ios
ity
t
owar
dphys
icsi
nthei
ryounghear
ts

Ref
erences

Di
rk,K.(
2009)
.Navi
gat
ingGenr
es.Readi
ngsonWr
it
ings
,252-260

Gagi
ch,M.(
201
9).Mul
ti
modalCompos
ing,5-9

McCl
oud,S.(
2006)
.Maki
  ng comi
cs:St
oryt
ell
ing s
ecr
ets of comi
cs,

mangaandgr
aphi
cnovel
s.NewYor
k:Har
per
,4-5

Rouan,D.(
2009)
.TheDoppl
erShi
ft,70-71

Gi
les
,S.(
201
0).Ref
lect
iveWr
it
ingandt
heRevi
si
onPr
oces
s:WhatWer
e

YouThi
nki
ng?Wr
it
ingSpaces
:Readi
ngsonWr
it
ing,Vol
ume1
,198-

203
Ki
dEncycl
opedi
a:

Whydoest
hepi
tchchange?

Whenyouwal
kal
ongt
hes
treetwi
thyour

par
ent
s,have you evernot
iced t
hatt
he

pi
tcho as
ireni
shi
gherasanambul
ance

appr
oaches and t
hen l
ower as t
he

ambul
ance pas
sesby? Thi
sphenomenon

coul
dbeexpl
ainedbyt
heDoppl
erEf
fect
.
Pr
epar
ati
on:

Bef
orei
ll
ust
rat
ingt
heDoppl
erEf
fect
,thebas
ict
hingI

wantyout
orememberi
s,ever
ythi
ngyouhear(
sound)

ands
ee(
li
ght
)isaki
ndofwave.

Sound—Wave Li
ght
--Wave

Whenyouheart
heambul
ancecr
eat
ingt
hats
iren,you

hearawave:s
oundwave.Then,whydoest
hiss
ound

waves
ounddi
ffer
ent
lywhenyouappr
oachandmove

awayf
rom t
heambul
ance?

TheDoppl
eref
fects
ugges
tst
hat
,ifobs
erverandcr
eat
orof
t
hewave(
soundorl
ight
)getcl
oser
,thef
requencyi
shi
gher
.
Not
es:You mi
ghtwonder
:whati
s“f
requency”?Fr
equency
r
epr
esent
sthenumberofvi
brat
ionsoft
hewave.(
Right
,when
youhearas
ound,i
tdoes
n’tj
ustdi
rect
lyf
low i
ntoyourear
,
butvi
brat
es)
.Her
e,t
hewor
d“f
requency”i
sti
ght
lyr
elat
edt
o
t
hepi
tchofas
oundwave.Whenf
requencyi
ncr
eas
es,you
woul
dfi
ndt
hepi
tchoft
hes
oundgethi
gher
;si
mil
arl
y,wheni
t
get
ssmal
ler
,thepi
tchoft
hes
oundwoul
dgodown.
Now you coul d under st
and: when you appr oach t he
ambulance,thefrequencyofthesoundwavegetsbi gger
,and
thenthepitchwouldbecomehi gherthanbef
ore.Iti
smagi cal
,
ri
ght?Infact,t
hiseffecthasmoreimport
antappl
icati
ons.

Sci
entist
shave di s
covered thatmovi ng obj
ectswould emit
l
ight( akindofwave) .Whenyour unonapl aygr
ound,you
wouldemi talight
.( Don’tworry,no onewoul d noti
cethe
waveyouemi t,becauseitistoosmall).However,foralar
ge
objecttr
avell
ingathighs peed,t
hisl
ightcouldbeobs er
ved.

Fori
nst
ance,amovingstar
,withamas sofhundredsofthe
massoftheEart
hands peedasf astasthespeedoflight
,
woul
demitwavesoursci
ent
ist
scouldeasi
lyobs
erve.
Accor
dingt
otheDoppl
eref
fect
,st
arsappr
oachi
ngt
ousand
movi
ng away woul
d have wavesofdi
ffer
entf
requenci
es,
r
esul
tindi
ffer
entcol
oroft
hel
ightt
heyr
espondt
o.Wheni
t
i
smovi
ngaway,t
her
eisar
edl
ight
;wheni
tget
scl
osert
ous
,
abl
ues
hif
twoul
dbeobs
erved.(
Thi
siscal
ledt
heDoppl
er
Shi
ft.
)Byl
ooki
ngatt
hecol
orsoft
hewaves
,sci
ent
ist
sdeci
de
whet
heras
tari
sappr
oachi
ng usormovi
ng away！I
sn’ti
t
f
ant
ast
ic?Now,Iam goi
ngt
otes
tifyour
eal
lyunder
standt
he
Doppl
erEf
fect
！
 Fi
nalques
tion:
Usi
ng theknowl
edgeyoulear
nedtoday,couldyou
explai
nwhythecoloroft
hecarchangedfrom bl
ue
tored?