Gr

oupNo4Assi
gnment

Obser
vat
ion:
Simplyput,cl
assr
oom obser
vati
onrecor
dsandmeasuresat
eacher
'st
eachi
ngabi
li
tyby
syst
ematicall
yobser
vingandrecor
dingt
hei
rcl
assperf
ormance.

Ther
ear
etwocommont
ypesofcl
assr
oom obser
vat
ions:

 Aspar
tofaformalj
ob-
per
for
manceeval
uat
ion-
 Thi
sisof
tendoneannual
lybyaschool
admi
nist
rat
or.

 Aspar tofanimprovementdr i
ve- 
Perf
ormedbyat eacher'
speerorpeers,i
nstr
ucti
onal
speciali
st,
orcoach,thiski
ndofclassr
oom obser
vationisoft
endonet oprovi
dethe
teacherwithr
elevantfeedbackbasedonthei
rint
eracti
onswithstudentsandthei
r
executionoft
eachingmet hods.

Whil
eit'
softenneworspeci
ali
stteacher
swhogot hr
oughcl
assr
oom obser
vat
ion,
ever
yone
canbenefi
tfrom t
hepr
ocess-ifdonecorrect
ly.

Cl
assroom observat
ioncanbeafewmi nutesoraf
ewdaysl
ong.Ther
e'snosetdur
ati
on,
andi
t
al
ldependsont hegoalofeachobser
vati
on.

 Regar
dlessofgoal
sanddur
ati
on,
eachcl
assr
oom obser
vat
ioni
smeantt
o:

 bedonewi
thpr
ofessi
onal
ism,
int
egr
it
yandcour
tesy

 haveanagr
eed-
uponpr
otocol

 bedoneobj
ect
ivel
y

 beconf
ident
ial

Cl
assr
oom Obser
vat
ion
A cl
assroom observation 
isaf ormalorinformalobser vat i
onoft eachingwhi l
eitistakingpl
ace
i
nacl assroom orotherlearningenvironment .Typicall
yconduct edbyf ellowinstructor
sor
i
nstructi
onalconsultants,cl
assroom obser vati
onsar eof tenusedt opr ovideinstructor
swith
construct
ivecri
ti
calfeedbackai medatenhanci ngt heirclassroom managementand
i
nstructi
onaltechni
ques.Cl assroom obser vat
ions,ani ntegralpartofenhanci ngt eachingand
l
earningintheclassroom, usuallyconsistsofapr e-obser vat
ionconsul tation,i
n-class
observati
on,apost-observati
ondi scussion,andfinallyar efl
ectivepractice.

1.Pr
e-Obser
vat
ionConsul
tat
ion
Pre-observationconsist sofani nitial
consul t
ationwi t
hthei nstructordi scussinghis/her
expectationsandcont extoft heobser vati
onaswel laslooki ngovert hesyl l
abusandot her
rel
evantmat erial
sthatsuppor tstudentlearning.Thesuppor ti
ngcour semat er
ial
sare
foundationalt oteachi
ngandl earninginthecl assroom.Theser elevantmat eri
alsshouldbe
providedpr i
ort othepr e-observationconsultation.Thepr e-observationconsul t
ati
onismeant
tosetacol l
egialtoneandest abli
shar apport,mutualtrust,andr espectbet weenobser verand
i
nstructor. Theobser vercandi scusswi ththei nst
ructoronspeci ficar easthatneedat tenti
on
duringtheobser vat
ionsuchas  effecti
velearning andact ivelearning.

2.I
n-cl
assObser
vat
ion(
s)
Classroomsarecompl exlearningenvir
onment swher ethei nstructor,st
udents,content,and
acti
vit
iesalli
nter
secttofosterlearni
ng.Obser vingani nstructorint heclassr
oom requiresa
highlevelofawarenessfrom theobserver.Theobser verspeci f
icall
ywat chestheinteracti
ons
focusingonareasdiscussedwi ththeinstr
uctordur i
ngt hepr e-obser vat
ionconsultati
on.The
observati
onprovidesanoppor tunit
ytocapt ur
econcr eteandspeci fi
cinformati
onaboutwhat
i
shappeni ngintheclassroom thattheinstr
uct ormightnotbeabl et oseewhiletheyare
teaching[]
.Addit
ional
ly,t
heinst r
uctorcouldinformt hest udentsoft heupcomingobser vati
on
anditspurpose.

3)Post
-Obser
vat
ionDi
scussi
on
Thepost -
observati
ondiscussionisintendedtohelpt hei nstructorfurt
herexplor
e,develop,and
enhancet hei
rclassr
oom managementandi nst
ructionalt echniques.Thisdiscussionwillhel
p
aff
ir
m whatwor kedwell
,communi cat ewhattochange, andhowt oincor
poratechangest othe
curr
iculum.At echni
quef ort
hepost -obser
vati
ondi scussi sf ortheobservertobegi nthe
conversati
onbyaski ngtheinstr
uctorhowt heythinkt hecl asswent .From t
hispoint,i
tis
i
mpor tanttoalwaysconnectobser vedevidenceandr ealevent stohowst udentslearn.

4)Ref
lect
ivePr
act
ice
Ref
lect
ingontheclassroom observat
ionexperi
encecanyieldvaluabl
einsightforthe
i
nst
ructorandhi
s/herdevelopmentasat eacher.Moreimportantl
y,i
tisanoppor tuni
tyf
orthe
i
nst
ructortol
earnfrom thecl
assroom observat
ionexperi
enceandbeabl etoenhancestudent
l
ear
ninginsubsequentsemest er
s.Somequest i
onsani nst
ructormightrefl
ectonandanswer s:

•
  
  
  Whathaveyoul
ear
nedaboutyourt
eachi
ng?

•
  
  
  Whathaveyoul
ear
nedabouthowst
udent
slear
n?

I
mpor
tanceofCl
assr
oom obser
vat
ion:
Cl
assr
oom observati
onsareapar
tofamoder
n-dayt
eacher
'sl
if
e.Butwhati
sitf
or,
andwhyi
s
i
tsopersi
stentapracti
ce?
Ther
earethr
eemainreasonsschool
sobser
vethei
rteacher
s-andwhyt
hey'
l
lli
kel
ycont
inuet
o
doso.Cl
assr
oom obser
vati
ons,whendoner
ight
:

 I
mpr
oveat
eacher
'sabi
li
tyt
oteachand,
asar
esul
t,i
mpr
ovesst
udentout
comesaswel
l.

 Allowschoolstoinvest
igateand/oridenti
fypotent
ialbi
asi
nhowdiffer
entgr
oupsof
student
sar etaughtandtreat
ed.Ofpar t
iculari
nter
estaret
hedi
ff
erenti
ati
ngfact
orsof
gender,soci
o-economicstanding,r
eligi
onandr ace.

 Pr
ovi
der
esear
cher
swi
thcur
renti
nfor
mat
iononbot
he

 Educat
ionalpr
act
icesandi
nst
ruct
ionalpr
obl
ems.

Cl
assr
oom Obser
vat
ionMet
hods:
Ef
fect
iveobser
vat
ioni
ssubj
ect
iveandi
sof
tenbasedont
wot
hings:

Aschool
'
sst
andar
doper
ati
ngpr
ocedur
es;and

Theobser
ver
'spr
efer
enceandt
rai
ning.

Someschoolsmayusei n-
housemethods,
whil
eothersadheretonational
lyr
ecogni
sed
models.Asl
ongast heyworkfort
heobser
ver
,theschoolandtheclassbeingobser
ved,
thi
s
fl
exi
bil
it
yisaccept
able.

PEEROBSERVATI
ON

Peerobser
vat
ionofteachingisaf
ormat
ivepr
ocesswher
etwopeer
swor
ktoget
herand
obser
veeachother
'steaching.

Beni
fi
tsofPeerObser
vat
ion

 Enhancest
udent
s'l
ear
ningt
hroughknowl
edgedi
ff
usi
onandexchangeofi
deas.

 Peerobser
vat
ionensuresthatpupil
sandstudentsr
eceiveeffecti
veteachi
ngthatbet
ter
Peerobser
vat
ionsupportsteacher
sto:engageinpr
ofessionallear
ningtoimprove
 t
eachi
ng.

 enhancest
udent
s'l
ear
ningt
hroughr
efl
ect
ivepr
act
ice.

 demonst
rat
eleader
shi
pbyobser
vingandsuppor
ti
ngot
hert
eacher
s.

 l
earni
ngf ost
ersteamwor k,
cooper
ati
on, pati
ence,
andbet
tersoci
alski
ll
s.I
na
cooperat
ivepeerlearni
ngenvi
ronment,eachstudent
'
sstr
engthscanserveto
complementthegr oupandenhancelearning.

 Empowerst
udent
stot
aker
esponsi
bil
it
yforandmanaget
hei
rownl
ear
ning.

 Enablest
udentst
olearntoassessandgi
veot
her
sconst
ruct
ivef
eedbackt
odevel
op
l
if
elongassessmentski
ll
s.

 suppor
tstheirdevel
opment
.Theyal
sobenef
itf
rom anenhancedl
ear
ningexper
ience
andbett
erlearni
ngoutcomes.

St
agesofPeerObser
vat
ion
Thepr
ocessofpeerobser
vat
ioncompr
isest
hreest
ages.

Pre-observat
ionmeanstheteacherandevaluatorti
met otal
ktodiscussthelessonpr
iortot
he
formalannouncedobservat
ion.Duri
ngt hi
sti
me, teacherandeval
uatordiscussthel
esson,
engagei ncoll
abor
ati
vedecisi
onmaki ng,cl
ari
fyexpectati
onsandidenti
fyareaswherespeci
fi
c
feedbackwi l
lbepr
ovided.

Observat
ioni
ssomet
hingt
hatyouhavel
ear
nedbyseei
ngorwat
chi
ngsomet
hingandt
hinki
ng
aboutit
.

Post-
observati
onservesasacriti
calpartoftheevaluati
onpr
ocess,wher
edialogueoccur
s
betweentheobserverandtheteacher,specif
ical
lybasedonthel
essonthathasbeenformal
ly
observed.“Thepurposeofthepost-
obser vat
ionistorevi
ewandref
lect
.

Obser
vat
ionofanEngl
ishl
it
erat
ure
Whenconductinganobservati
onofanEngl i
shli
ter
aturecl
ass,
thefocusisonunderst
andi
ng
howtheteacherengagesstudent
sinthestudyofli
terar
yworksandfoster
sthei
r
under
standi
ngandappr eci
ati
onofli
terat
ure.Her
ear esomekeypointst
oconsiderdur
ingt
he
obser
vati
on:
* Cl
assr
oom Environment:Observethephysi
calsetupoft
heclassr
oom andhow
i
tsuppor
tsthest
udyoflit
erat
ure.Notewhethertherearedi
splaysofl
it
erar
yquotes,
poster
s,or
bookst
hatpromoteali
ter
ary-
ri
chatmospher e.

* LessonPlanning:Payattent
iont
ohowt heteacherstr
ucturesthelessonand
whet
heritali
gnswi ththelearni
ngobjecti
vesandcurri
cul
um standards.Observehowt he
t
eacheri
ntroducest heli
terar
yworkandest abl
ishest
hecontextfort
hel esson.

* TeachingMethods:Not ethevariet
yofteachi
ngmet hodsemployedbyt
he
teacher,suchaslecturi
ng,gr
oupdi scussions,
smal l
-gr
oupacti
vit
ies,ormul
ti
media
presentati
ons.Observehowt heteacherusest hesemethodstoengagestudentsandmaket
he
contentaccessibl
eandi nt
erest
ing.

* TextAnal
ysis:Observehowtheteacherguidesstudentst
hrought
heanalysi
sof
l
it
erarytext
s.Notewhethertheteacherencour
agescrit
icalthi
nking,
li
ter
aryanal
ysi
s,and
i
nterpr
etati
onofthemes,symbols,andcharact
erdevelopment.

* ClassDiscussion:Payatt
entiontothequali
tyofclassdiscussi
ons.Observe
whethertheteacherencouragesactiveparti
cipat
ion,
thoughtf
ulresponses,andrespect
ful
i
nteract
ionsamongst udents.Noteiftheteacherasksopen-endedquestionsthatst
imulat
e
cr
iti
calthi
nki
ngandanal ysi
s.

* Lit
eraryDev i
ces:Observehowt het
eacherintr
oducesandexploresli
ter
ary
devicesandtechniques,suchasmet aphors,
simil
es,i
mager y,andfor
eshadowing.Notei
f
studentsar
eencour agedtoidenti
fyandanalyzethesedevicesinthetext
stheyread.

* Incorporat
ingDiverseVoices:Observewhethertheteacherincl
udesdiverse
voi
cesandperspectivesi
nt heli
terat
urestudi
ed.Not ei
ftheteacherincor
poratesl
it
erature
fr
om di
ff
erentcult
ures,backgrounds,andhistor
icalper
iods.

* Wri
ti
ngAboutLiter
ature:Payattenti
ontohowt heteacherencour
agesstudent
s
towri
teabouttheli
ter
atur
etheyread.Obser veift
heteacherprovi
desguidanceondevelopi
ng
anal
yti
calessays,
li
ter
arycri
ti
ques,andcr eati
veresponses.

* St
udentEngagement:Notet hel
evelofstudentengagementduri
ngthelesson.
Obser
vewhetherst
udentsacti
vel
yparti
cipateinclassacti
vit
ies,
askquesti
ons,andexpress
t
heirt
hought
sandopinionsaboutthel
it
er aryworks.

* UseofTechnology:Observeiftheteacheref
fect
ivel
yint
egratestechnol
ogyto
enhancethestudyofl
it
erat
ure.Notewhethertheuseofmul ti
mediaresources,
digit
alt
exts,
or
onli
neplat
for
msenr i
chesthelear
ningexperience.

* AssessmentandFeedback:Payattenti
ont ohowtheteacherassessesstudent
s'
under
standi
ngofli
terat
ure.Obser
veifthet
eacherprovidestimel
yandconstructi
vefeedback
onassi
gnmentsandassessment srel
atedt
otheliter
aturestudi
ed.
* Pr
omot i
onofaLoveforLi
ter
ature:Observewhetherthet
eacherfoster
salove
forli
ter
atur
eandr eadi
ngamongstudent
s.Noteiftheteachershar
espersonali
nsightsand
enthusi
asm fort
hewor ksbei
ngst
udied.