Comparing the strenaths of wank axils (AZ) The pesition + eye (eb nium of the reaction between tha accel anc watir Van'es hom one. wreak arid to another . The Further bo the Left it Iisa, the wanker te acid i's Ag 439, Hs0a,+ Ae The acid dissoctation constut, Ka The position of taunlibrim 'S measured by an equilibriun constant of the naoction . The lowsy the value for dhe constant , the mone the equclibrium Lite to the Lk For a weak accd dissociates ih woten, Hey + Hoy ep + hey Applying sazalibeiein law, Dl [HAICHs0]For a week accok Clittle chssoccation) in oilite solution, the concedration of wetter is large. comparnt with the desseccateet fons anol amg chomgta te its vob ore insignificant So its cohtentration Can ba ragoroed oa constant - Ka= Ke CHo}= EMsO°AT etd ® CHA] A sitmpler way , HA Hoy # Ab AAW 3 The dissoccetion cout ea = OT | ral cl ote Ke so aconstont wf given eimprenhiore The weaker the acid : + the lesa it disso crates + the Power fous it Porima + the smaller Ko The strongrr the acvd : + the move the epulibninin Lieato the night + the lange Kea,pk Anothen wag of Axprassing the avi dissoccatton constant is pKa. to To cohotate Ka fom pKa Ka= artilog Cpka) Examph of Ka and pKa valass: pKa hod Ka mold *| aKa CHeCICO,H | 1-¢x/o> 2-9 HN (| #Exto* | 3-3 Hco.H |r 38 [cHsco, y 4.8 [ic 9:3 | Note = The shongut ouids have the hi ghut Ka or lowest pKa value. Thua, CHsCICOLH Is the stonguat and in thus eames .Exai Wnte acd dissoctation constint, Ka fer the Follouning acids in eguilsbniaia : 1) Cols COOH, === H Gy + CeHsCOOtD 1) MCC og SH hag # COE, iN) NA egy Hop + NHsiagy ovkin 0 = [Ht] [Cote Coo") “ [celts coon J i) ee Coan O ails “ [Hear] iii) — [HAJ LNA J Ke [NHa* ] a ee acids or fone in the table , work out which species in the eguclibrim are Bronsted —Lowry accds and which are Hair conjugate bases [nel Heid on jon |e uiibvisn in agoeaua avetion | Whore Fn [Fi] = Hs[ Fo on Tie pcre) ove HNO. == t+ NO,~ i, CO, +Hio = H* + Heoerkéngs . i. aced : [Fe(Hs0)] base : [Fe CHs0),(OH)]** ji, acc: HNO, beoe : NO” Vi. actd : CQ.+ HO bose : HCO,” CHC, ) Iv. acid: HSiO;~ oe SiO ae Cokewloting Ka Por a weak acc The volun & Ka fora weak accel Con be colculotect if gum, - tha contentration of the acre ~ the pH of the solution. Weak acd ih eguclibriuin, HRegs == Hop they, cach moleente of HA thet jomisea, che Hien ancl he AW ton are prrclacect. CH] = (A-j The acd dissoccetion corstont breome , kg = EHTIEA J HAY ka = ley CHA]2 asou , 2 The concendroction t Aygebogan Fon Produced by the jonisehion of water molecules prisint in the Solution js /grorsct , because the frome proclret of water (lo x10 motel) fs negligible Compara with the values for most wrok oerrly 2. The jontsation $ the Weak ael i'§ So Small that the concentration & undissoccat ect HA pola cetes prrecant of equclibnim 18 approxi motely the some as that of the ongnal accel Exa Colelate the velar of Ka for nethamne accel . A sctiction of 0.010 malalin® methann. accel, Hoch Aas ap f 2-90. Werk nga Step: Convert pit te [Ht], CH*]= avhilog,.(~ 2-90) = 126K (07 Aol chim § Step 2 2 Write the accd dessoccwton constant exprassion, key = LHI? * “THeook] Stap 3 t Enter the veluse into tle expression , keg = (eaexto3)* ~ (@-010) = 1S9x 107% mot dinExsce so 2-Colerkate the value of Ka for the following Beis: G) 0-02.00 mld”? 2-aminebengore aor, which hos a pH of 4.30 (i) 0.0 800 mot dm? propane accel, which as a PH & 3-10 Gi) 0.100 moldlin™? 2 —pictro phenol , which tras pH of 4.10 b. Cokeotote pKa values for each of the acide in pata. Work @. 0) (ATT= aertlog 4-30) = Sct X10 Sineldans keg = Gotti )* = 1.26% 10 malin 3 (o.e200) Gi [Ht] = anhileg,,C“3:10) = 7-94 x10 nner din? Ka= oe = f.26x to Smotdin > GID [H*] = andtilogie (~ 4 10) = 7.44 x10" S rol din? ~ G44xwe)*® _ , Fret dunn? Ka = (@-foo) eee 6.) pka= — loge 26x1o"") = 6-0 G1) pKa = — lego (heexie* = 4F0 Gii)d pKa = = (04 (631x107) = 7-20Cokcuboctinng the pt of a weak aol The pH Cor CH*]) velar ofa weok acid can be colelated if provided with: + the concentration of the accel . + tha velur of Ka for the accel . Tie assump 7 I The concmtrection of Ayco gin sors produced by the jomsetion of water is ragliqnhle . 2. The zqutlibium concentration of The week al is equal tothe onyinal concentration of tha weak accel Erol Calatote the pl of ©1000 moldin”? ethane’ awd, CHsCool - (Ka = 1-74 x 107 § mot chin?) Workings Step 1: Write the aguclibsium expression for the resction CHsCocHey = Hoy + CHsCooteg, Kf (Hal Step 2+ Encter the valute ibfo the exprassion. _ (@.100) Step 3: Rearrange the eguotion [Ht] * = LTA x1 Sxoto0 = Tex 10% LTExIo® =Step 4 5 Toke the Sguere root. CHt] =f Te x10 = 132 x10 mol dn Ship $+ Calculate pH. PH = ~legolh"T =- fog ioCl3 2/073) = 2-88 Exercise. Work out the ptt yoluss ca the Follovn'ng solidiony + A 0-02.00 reel in Fa guome benga accol (Ka=b-3ni5 attic’ at _ 5. 0:0/00 makdac? hydredset ab, ions Kae LORS eter’ C011 00 mek din? aqoema wethamac ood (Ka = l-6x10 tmoteec 2) Workchgs a. y= ed" __ (ieeoetexay CH*]* = 63x10 8x ee2eo CH*] = NG-axFxoeaee = 112x109 malclin”? pH= —logio(hirxio?) = 2-95 b. ky, = ter 6 LAH) ] (H*]* = bhoxrefx 0-0/00 hoxieexe.0100 = 3/6 % 10° pve cle? 10910 (8 16xto*) = 3-5 ees Co Ree Te thanat at] (H*] = Afexixonwo = 0X10? tel dan H = ~logig (Hox ton?) = 2-4 r 3The hace dissociation constont, ky Por 4 weok hase dessocrclis in woter, Beg + HeOy) == BHe, +OH Earth constont exprassicn, CBH* Cou -— For weak bage » the, wattr mulecaln remo forgely Undissecrated ond its com centration cam be Vepordud 4 comstot . Ky = KeLH.0] = constont Kg = C8H* {COM ] | pot dmns J Cay Kb - the hase dissociation corstont * Nokes Ky ie comstuact at 0 given Peimperatons « pkp Ancthar wey of expressing the base deesoecction constouk is pke kK, = —!04,..Ky To coletote Ky fom pk, K,= ortilog io (-pK4)Example of Kb and phy velba: di? pKe : & #]éo| 1 3 ees 4. a. Note: Tha strongrat bossa have the ighut Ke or lowset pk, values. Thus, CoHsNH, is the stongut hase in this Lramphe «