University of Benghazi Faculty of Engineering
Petroleum Engineering Department
عنوان البحث
TYPES OF WELL TESTING
Name
……………AHMED ALI FARAG………….
St. Number
……………25225………….
2021
1- INTRODUCTION :
It is an examination of fluid flow, which is carried out on oil or gas
wells for the purpose of obtaining information about the well and the
reservoir, and the examination mainly consists of a rate change Well
flow and pressure response with respect to time as a function, but the
data that depends on the analysis is the pressure data and it is called
(Transient Pressure Tests)
1.2 The following information can be obtained from
examining wells:
1- Calculate the permeability of the (K) layer.
2- Calculation of the reservoir pressure at the external boundary of
the reservoir (PI).
3- Calculation of the pore volume of the reservoir (PV).
4- Knowing the degree of layer damage or the degree of resuscitation
of the layer (SKIN FACTOR).
5- Finding the distance to the faults, if any in the reservoir.
6- Determine the length of the fracture.
7- Knowing the fraction productivity.
8- Calculation of the production capacity of the reservoir (KH).
9- Knowing the storage capacity of the well (Wellbore storage).
10-Determining the fractures and layers in the reservoir.
1.3 Types of well testing :
1-BUILD UP TEST: It is the pressure growth test where the well is
running for a period of time at a constant flow rate, where the flow
period depends on the stability of the well, and at the same moment
we record the pressure change and then we close the well to make
the pressure wave reach the reservoir boundaries.
2- DRAWDOWN TEST: This test is performed when the well is closed
in the beginning, i.e. the bottom pressure of the well is stable, and
then the well opens for flow and records the flow rate and pressure
response over time, but the difficult factor in this examination is the
difficulty of obtaining a constant flow rate and also called This is a
Reservoir limit test.
3- INJECTION TEST: This test is for injection wells, as these wells
are treated as a productive well examination treatment and it is
similar to the pressure relieve test.
4- PRODUCTION TEST: This test is also used to evaluate the
production capacity of the well, as well as to determine the reservoir
capacity, that is, through the results of the test, we determine the
performance of the well flow(IPR).
There are also other checks for gas wells such as (Deliverability
test-Isochronal test).
2-Transition stress assays (PTA)
(PressureTransient Analysis) To understand well testing analyzes,
there are three basic terms:
1- Steady state
2- Semi-steady state
3-Unsteady state or transient flow
2.1 Steady- state flow:
When there is no change in pressure with time in effect, there is no
such situation in reservoirs. Nevertheless, steady flow can be applied
as in Darcy's law.
2.2 Semi-steady state flow:
When the decrease in pressure is a linear relationship with time
anywhere in the reservoir or the relationship of pressure with the rate
of flow is a reality there is for such flow.
2.3 Unsteady state or transient flow:
-The relationship of pressure with time is non-linear.
-The radial flow model assumptions.
3- General solution for pressure change :
Physical laws to solve the equation
1- Article Equalization (Article Balance)
2- Darcy's equation
3- Equation of state (Fluid) Compressibility
4-The period of transitional examination :
The following equation can be used to calculate the time of the
transition examination if the rock and fluid properties of a
characteristic reservoir are known
(ct * re ^ 2) / K * t = (948 * µ * Ø)
The above equation indicates the end of the transitional flow and the
beginning of the( pseudosteady state flow) of a well in the middle of a
circular reservoir.
4.1 Equalizers used in checking pressure drop :
k=(162.6*Qo*µo*Bo)/m*h
Where( m) represents the slope of the straight line. It can be obtained
by plotting the pressure values over time on the semilog paper and
the value of ( k) represents the permeability of the layer in milli-darcy
units.
If the value of s is positive, it indicates that the well is damaged. If it is
negative, then it indicates the success of the well recovery process.
s=1.151{(Pi-P1hr)/m-log(k/Ø*µ*ct*rw^2)+3.23}
Out of shape
Where (P1hr) represents the pressure of the well within an hour of
the runoff hole.
Pi represents the initial well pressure.
4.2 Equalizers used in checking pressure escalation :
We apply the same equation used in checking pressure descent to
calculate the layer permeability.
s = 1.151 {(P1hr-Pwf) / m-log (k / Ø * µ * ct * rw ^ 2) +3.23}
Out of shape
Where (Pwf) represents the flow pressure of the well.
There are other formulas, but they are applied to special experts
called (well-test analysis by ues of type curves) .
REFERENCES :
1-Earlougher، RC، Jr: Advances in Well test analysis،
SPE Monograph vol 5، Society of Petroleum
Engineers، Richardson، 1977.
2-Tarek Ahmed،Chapter:6.
