11

Earth and Life Science

Quarter 1 – Module 3
Earth’s Internal Heat
Magmatism

Compiled and Repackaged by:

CHRISTOPHER A. TAMBOGON
Teacher II
Schools Division of the City of Batac
Earth and Life Science – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Earth’s Internal Heat and Magmatism
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones

Development Team of the Module

Compiler and Lay-out Artist: Christopher A. Tambogon

Editors: Michelle A. Agulay Rodolfo G. Pingao

Reviewers: Noreen C. Taguinod EdD Aubrey Marie R. Oasay, PhD

Reviewers: Joy Marie T. Sagnep Ronald T. Ventura

Cover Artist: Clarence C. Manarpaac

Management Team: Joel B. Lopez, EdD, CESO V Marilou B. Sales, EdD

Annie D. Pagdilao, EdD Aubrhey Marie R. Oasay, PhD
Jhon Rey D. Ortal, EdD
Noreen C. Taginod, EdD

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division of the City of Batac

Office Address: 16S Quiling Sur, City of Batac, 2906 Ilocos Norte Philippines
Telephone No: (077) 677-1993
Website: www.csdb.com
E-mail Address: batac.city@deped.gov.ph

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module was collaboratively compiled, repackaged and
reviewed by educators of the Department of Education Schools Division
of the City of Batac to assist learners and teachers or facilitators meet the
standards of the K to 12 Curriculum amidst this difficult situation.
Particularly this module hopes to engage the learners into guided
and independent fun-filled learning activities at their own pace and time.
Furthermore, this aims to help learners acquire the needed 21 st century
skills and the four livelihood skills for survival – 4As (agtagibalay,
agtaraken, agmula, agliwliwa), which are considered a very vital in
surviving any crisis.
To achieve the above objectives, the facilitators and learners need
to be guided by the following reminders:
As a facilitator, you are expected to:
1. orient the learners onhow to use this module;
2. keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning; and
3. encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in this module.

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For the learner:
To get most out of this module you should take note of the following
reminders:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. You are given 2.5 hours to finish this module.
7. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will become an active
learner and you will experience meaningful learning and gain deeper
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it.

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 What I Need to Know
The module is divided into two lessons, namely:
 Lesson 1 – Earth’s Internal Heat
 Lesson 2 – Magmatism

After going through this module, you are going to describe where the Earth’s
internal heat comes from and describe how magma is formed (magmatism).
Specifically, you are expected to:

1. identify where the Earth’s internal heat come from;

2. know the significance of the Earth’s internal heat;
3. describe the processes of heat transfer in Earth’s mantle;
4. identify common activities/scenarios on which heat transfer is applied;
5. recognize the various type of magma generation;
6. identify the substances/elements present in magma;
7. recognize the requirements necessary for magma generation; and
8. demonstrate magma formation through a simple activity.
S11/12ES-Ib-14
S11/12ES-Ib-15

1
 What I Know
Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers
on the attached answer sheet.

1. Heat moves from __________ to __________ places.

A. hot; hotter C. colder; hotter
B. cold; colder D. hotter; colder

2. ______________ in Earth’s _______________ is the up and down movement

of plastic-like material within the layer.
A. Convection; crust C. Convection; mantle
B. Conduction; crust D. Conduction; mantle

3. A lot of Earth’s heat is left over from _______________.

A. when stars formed
B. when volcanos erupt
C. when our planet formed
D. when sun rays strike the Earth.

4. Earth keeps a nearly steady temperature, because _______________.

A. it makes heat in its crust
B. it makes heat in its interior
C. it makes heat in its mantle
D. it makes heat in its exterior

5. The formation and movement of magma under the earth's crust is a process
known as ____________.
A. magmatism C. volcanism
B. lavanism D. magma flow

6. Magma is primarily a very hot liquid formed from melting of rocks in the
_______________.
A. asthenosphere C. lower part of the crust
B. upper part of the mantle D. all of the above

7. A ______________ represents a region of volcanism above a relatively

stationary region of intense heat within the Earth's mantle.
A. mountain C. subduction
B. rift D. hot spot

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8. Which one of the following statements is true?
A. The increase in pressure affecting a hot mantle rock at a constant
temperature permits melting of magma.
B. The decrease in pressure affecting a hot mantle rock at a constant
temperature permits melting of magma.
C. When volatiles mix with hot, dry rock, the volatile increases the rock’s
melting point.
D. When volatiles mix with cold, dry rock, the volatile decreases the rock’s
melting point.

9. Which of the following is considered as Earth’s interior major source of heat?

A. Radioactivity C. Inner Core
B. Thermosphere D. Earth’s mantle

10. In what type of matter does convection occur?

A. gases only C. gases and liquids
B. liquids only D. gases, liquids and solids

11. What do you call the process by which Earth makes heat?
A. Convection C. Thermoregulation
B. Incandescence D. Radioactive decay

12. Which of the following is considered a special element since it produces heat
when it decays?
A. Chromium C. Nickel
B. Iron D. Uranium

13. How is the Earth’s internal heat redistributed?

A. Lava transfers the heat from the Earth’s interior to the surface when it
rises.
B. Magma transfers the heat from the Earth’s interior to the surface when
it rises.
C. A or B is correct
D. Neither nor A nor B is correct

14. Which of the following is/are site/s of magma formation?

I. Hot spots II. Mid-oceanic ridges III. Subduction zones

A. I only C. II and III only

B. I and II only D. I, II and III are sites of magma formation.

15. Which of the following statements about the role of volatiles in the partial
melting of rocks is correct?
A. Volatiles help break the chemical bond in rocks.
B. Volatiles lower the melting temperature of the rocks.
C. A and B are correct.
D. A nor B is incorrect
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 Lesson
Earth’s Internal Heat
1
Heat energy is one of the factors that makes the world livable. If you think about
a volcano, you know Earth must be hot inside. The heat inside Earth moves continents,
builds mountains and causes earthquakes. Where does all this heat inside the Earth
comes from?

What’s In

Activity 1 Recalling Past Lesson

Let’s refresh your understanding of Earth’s internal layers from module 1 by doing the
activity below.
Match the descriptions/characteristics relating to Earth’s interior in column A with the
terms given in column B. Choices may be used more than once. Write your answers
on the attached answer sheet.

Column A Column B

1. outermost layer
a. inner core
2. 84 % of the Earth’s volume
b. outer core
3. exhibits plasticity
c. lower mantle
4. 50 km thick
d. upper mantle
5. Moho boundary
e. mantle
6. causes the Earth’s magnetic field
f. oceanic crust
7. hottest layer
8. consists of magma g. continental crust
9. granitic in composition
10. convection currents

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 What’s New

Activity 2 Quicklab
Perform this simple experiment and answer the
questions that follow. Write your answers on the
attached answer sheet.
Materials: glass (empty) soda bottles, oil, coins, hot
water, bowl
What to do:

a. Put the glass bottle in the bowl.

b. Put a drop of oil on the side of the coin.
c. Place the coin on top of the glass soda bottle,
with the oil side facing down. (The oil acts as SOURCE:
a sealant and keeps the air trapped inside http://excellenceinteachingscience.blogsp
ot.com/2014/09/heat-transfer-science-
the bottle). activities.html
d. Pour a hot water (near boiling) into the bowl.
Please do this with caution. Observe the coin.
Guide Questions:
1. What heat process is taking place in the experiment?
2. What happened to the quarter when you pour hot water into the bowl?
3. Describe how convection current form.
4. What will happen to the convection currents in the mantle if Earth’s interior
eventually cools down? Explain.

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 What Is It
In activity 2, convection was demonstrated which is a process involved in
the distribution of heat on Earth’s interior. But, where does the heat of the Earth’s
interior come from?

Sources of Earth’s Internal Heat

Earth’s interior is the site of great amounts of heat. Most of this heat is produced
by the decay of radioactive elements. When unstable atoms decay they releases
thermal energy. This energy released as a result of nuclear disintegration is known as
radiogenic heat. It involves the disintegration of natural radioactive elements inside
the Earth. The radioactive isotopes uranium-235 (235U), uranium-238 (238U),
potassium-40 (40K), and thorium-232 (232Th) in Earth’s mantle are the primary source.
Radioactive elements are present everywhere on our planet in a fairly significant
concentration. Without the process of radioactive decay, there would be fewer
volcanoes and earthquakes
Another source of heat in the Earth’s interior is primordial heat which is the
heat contained in the objects that accreted to form Earth, and the heat produced when
they collided. As Earth grew larger, the increased pressure on Earth’s interior caused
it to compress and heat up. The core is a storage of primordial heat that originates
from times of accretion when kinetic energy of colliding particles was transformed into
thermal energy. This heat is constantly lost to the outer silicate layers of the mantle
and crust of the earth through convection and conduction. In addition, the heat of the
core takes tens of thousands of years to reach the surface of the Earth. Today, the
surface of the Earth is made of cold rigid rock, the Earth’s surface cools from the
outside but the core is still made of extremely hot material.

How hot is it inside Earth?

No one has come close to exploring Earth’s interior directly. So not all
geophysicists agree on how hot it is at Earth’s core. But the rate of travel of waves
from earthquakes – called “seismic waves” – tells scientists a lot about what materials
make up the planet. Seismic data also reveal whether these materials are liquid, solid
or partially solid. Meanwhile, laboratory data indicate at what temperatures and
pressures the materials inside Earth should begin to melt.
From this evidence, Earth’s core temperature is estimated to be around 5,000
to 7,000 degrees Celsius. That’s about as hot as the surface of the sun, but vastly
cooler than the sun’s interior.
By the way, while the heat energy produced inside Earth is enormous, it’s some
5,000 times less powerful than what Earth receives from the sun. The sun’s heat drives

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the weather and ultimately causes erosion. So it’s ironic that – while Earth’s heat
makes mountains – the sun’s energy tears them down again, bit by bit.

Heat Transfer
Three are three processes on how heat can be transferred. This includes
conduction, convection, and radiation.
Conduction governs the thermal conditions in almost entire solid portions of
the Earth and plays a very important role in the lithosphere. Its processes happen in
the earth’s surface. Conduction is one of the three main ways that heat energy moves
from place to place. Technically, it can be defined as the process by which heat energy
is transmitted through collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules. Heat from
the Earth's core and radiation from the Sun is transferred to the surface of the Earth
by conduction. Contact of the atmosphere with these warm surfaces transfers thermal
energy, which then heats up the rest of the air through convection.
Convection involves transfer of heat by the movement of mass, which is a
more efficient means of heat transport in the Earth compared to pure conduction. It
dominates the thermal conditions in the zones where large quantities of fluids (molten
rocks) exist, and thus governs the heat transport in the fluid outer core and the mantle.
Convection in Earth’s Mantle

Convection relates to heat flow in liquids and gases. Warmer parts of a fluid
tend to rise, while cooler parts tend to sink. This results in convection currents that
help distribute heat more evenly throughout the fluid. See image below.

warm particle rises

cold particle sinks

Convection can also occur in some solids. For example, pressure and
temperature conditions in the Earth’s mantle allow rock to slowly convect. Hotter rock
rises and cooler rock sinks in mantle convection cells or currents
In geological time scale, the mantle behaves as a viscous fluid due to the
existence of high temperatures. In convection current, the mantle of the earth moves
slowly because of transfer of heat from the interior of the earth up to the surface. This
result to the movement of tectonic plates. Hot materials are added at the edges of a
plate and then it cools. At those edges, it becomes dense by its exposure from the
heat and sinks into the earth at an ocean trench. This start the formation of volcanoes.

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 Radiation is the least important mode of heat transport in the Earth. The
process of heat exchange between the Sun and the Earth, through radiation, controls
the temperatures at the Earth's surface. Inside the Earth, radiation is significant only
in the hottest parts of the core and the lower mantle. When the land and water become
warm in summer, they emit long – wavelength infrared radiation that is readily
absorbed by the atmosphere. This continues during night time too. Convection in the
air then spreads out the thermal energy throughout the atmosphere.

What’s More

Activity 3 Picture Analysis (activity adapted from Earth and Life Science Quarter 1 –
Module 6: The Earth’s Internal Heat)

Read and analyze figures A and B. Answer the questions that follow. Write your
answers on the attached answer sheet.

SOURCE: https://www.ck12.org/earth-science/Earths-Mantle/lesson/Earths-Mantle-HS-ES/

Figure A shows the process of conduction on how air molecules come in contact with
the warmer surface of the land or ocean, resulting to the increase of its thermal energy
through conduction. The thermal energy of the core is transferred to the surface of the
earth and the lower levels of ocean by conduction.
Figure B shows a convection cell, warm material rises (up to the surface of the earth)
and cool material sinks. These cooled materials will eventually turn to land formation.
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In mantle convection, the heat source is the core. The core of the earth is very hot. It
is nearly as hot as the surface of the sun – about 6000 ̊C. Convection current is
relevant to the movement of tectonic plate because the heat builds up pressure
underneath the crust (tectonic plates). As they become unstable, they push against
each other (subduction) and rise upwards or one goes under the other.
Guide Questions:

1. Figure A shows the process of convection in the earth’s mantle. How does it
affect the formation of mountains and the temperature in the surface (ground)?
2. How does the convection current affects the movement of tectonic plates?
3. How does the convection in the earth’s interior and conduction in the surface
affect the temperature in our atmosphere?
4. How does subduction cause the formation of land mass like mountains and
volcano?
5. Why does earthquake occur in the subduction zone?
6. Based from figure A and B, how are convection and conduction interrelated?

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 Lesson
Magmatism
2
Let’s say you're standing at the base of a big mountain when suddenly the ground
starts to shake and you see smoke and ash rising from the top of the mountain. What's
happening? The mountain must be a volcano that's erupting! Suddenly, you see something
coming out of the mountain. It's red and hot. As it slowly moves down the side of the mountain,
you realize that this must be lava coming up from deep beneath the ground. As you run away
to avoid getting covered in hot lava, you wonder how all that lava got inside that mountain.

What’s In
Activity 4 Parts of a Volcano
Label the illustration below, choose the parts of a volcano on the word box below the
illustration. Write your answers on the attached answer sheet.

SOURCE: http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/mountains/volcanoparts.html

Sill Parasitic Cone Ash Cloud Lava Flow

Vent Lava Crater Conduit
Throat Magma Reservoir Lava Reservoir
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 What’s New
Activity 5 Magmatism Crossword Puzzle
Fill in the crossword puzzle with the words missing from the sentences below. Match
the number of the sentence to the boxes placed across or down the grid. If filled out
correctly, the words will fit neatly into the puzzle. Write your answers on the attached
answer sheet.
1 3

2 4

DOWN ACROSS

1. Extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock 2. The emplacement of magma within and at
located under Earth's surface. the surface of the outer layers of a terrestrial
planet, which solidifies as igneous rocks.
3. Molten rock emerging as a liquid onto
Earth's surface. 5. A linear zone where the lithosphere is
being pulled apart and is an example of
4. A massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid extensional tectonics.
rock, generally composed of both continental
and oceanic lithosphere. 6. An area of the Earth's mantle from which
hot plumes rise upward, forming volcanoes
on the overlying crust.

7. A geological process that takes place at

convergent boundaries of tectonic plates
where one plate moves under another and is
forced to sink due to high gravitational
potential energy into the mantle.

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 What Is It

In the previous activity, you’ve unlocked some key terms about magmatism.
Now, let us dig dipper about this topic to broaden your understanding.

What is Magmatism?
Magmatism is the activity or the motion of the magma. It is a process under the
Earth’s crust where formation and movement of magma occur. These happen in the
lower part of the Earth’s crust and in the upper portion of the mantle known as
asthenosphere.

What is the difference between magma and lava?

Magma and lava are both melted rocks. They differ in terms of location. Magma
is found in the magma chamber. When magma comes to the surface of the earth, as
it does during a volcanic eruption, it's called lava.

Composition of Magma
a. liquid portion – melt
b. solids if any are silicate minerals
c. volatiles – dissolved gases in the melt including water vapor, carbon dioxide
and sulfur dioxide

How is Magma Formed?

Magma present in the lower curst and upper mantle of the Earth is generated
through the process of partial melting. In the process, different minerals in rock melt
at different temperature and pressure. Another factor being considered in this process
is the addition of volatile materials

Special Conditions Required for the Formation of Magma in the Mantle

a. Crust and mantle are almost entirely solid, indicating that magma only forms in
special planes where pre-existing solid rocks undergo melting
b. Melting due to decrease in pressure (decompression melting). The decrease
in pressure affecting a hot mantle rock at a constant temperature permits
melting forming magma. This process of hot mantle rock rising to shallower
depths in the Earth occurs in mantle plumes, beneath rifts and beneath mid-
ocean ridges.
c. Melting as a result of the addition of volatiles (flux melting). When volatiles mix
with hot, dry rock, the volatile decreases the rock’s melting point and they help

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 break the chemical bonds in the rock to allow melting. It occurs around
subduction zones.
d. Melting resulting from heat transfer from rising magma (heat transfer melting).
A rising magma from the mantle brings heat with it that can melt the surrounding
rocks at the shallower depths. It happens at convergent boundaries, where
tectonic plates are crashing together. Recall that rocks are composed of
minerals. These rocks start to melt once the temperature in the lower crust and
upper mantle increases or exceeds the melting point of minerals. The
temperature of the mantle is around 1200°C. Rock minerals such as quartz and
feldspar begin to partially melt at around 650-680°

Types of magma generation

There are different types of magma generation. This includes subduction, hot-
spot volcanism and magmatism along rift zones. Subduction of oceanic crust
eventually leads to rising magma bodies.

Subduction
At oceanic spreading centers, new lithosphere is continually being generated.
However, since the total surface area of Earth remains constant, lithosphere must also
be destroyed elsewhere. This takes place at zones of plate convergence. There,
usually the older, colder, and therefore denser plate sinks below another plate.

SOURCE: https://www.geo.fu-
berlin.de/en/v/geolearning/mounta
in_building/magmatism/media/sub
duccion2.jpg?html=1&locale=en&
ref=44651606

Continental plates mostly consist of lighter material and can at most be partially
subducted. The geodynamic process of one plate sliding beneath another occurs
along deep-sea trenches and is called subduction.

Hot-Spot Volcanism

“Hot-Spot” hypothesis became widely accepted because it agrees well with

scientific data obtained around the globe. A "hot spot" represents a region of volcanism
above a relatively stationary region of intense heat within the Earth's mantle, a so-
called mantle plume. Lithospheric plates override this “long-living” hot spot and are

13
occasionally perforated by its rising magma. The lithosphere above the mantle plume
is thus thickened and heated and therefore becomes more buoyant.

SOURCE: https://www.geo.fu-
berlin.de/en/v/geolearning/mountain_building/magmatism/generation_types/hot_spot/index.html

Eventually, submarine or sub-aerial volcanoes form on top. In case of the

oceanic plate shown above, volcanic islands form above the mantle plume after
submarine volcanism. With continued activity, the previously formed volcanic islands
on the plate move away from the hot spot, making room for new islands to be formed
by subsequent volcanic activity. Volcanoes become inactive, their edifices are eroded,
and they gradually sink below sea level. Because the underlying volcanic material
gradually cools and the volcanic complex becomes denser and heavier, hot spot-
related volcanic chains often have a bathymetric expression of linear volcanic chains
thousands of kilometers long.

Rifts and Mountain building

Less spectacular formation of mountains, involving magma addition into the
Earth’s surface, occurs along incipient spreading centers, oceanic ridges and
(continental) rifts. Oceanic ridges occur at divergent boundaries where plates separate
and move in opposite directions, allowing new lithosphere to form from upwelling
magma, which rises up due to convection currents.

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 SOURCE: http://geologylearn.blogspot.com/2016/03/mountain-building.html

The intrusion of these magmas most probably results from decompression

melting of mafic rocks, giving rise to the formation new oceanic crust. Key areas
include Iceland (where a spreading ridge coincides with a hot spot and therefore
became emergent above sea level), the Mid-Atlantic Ridge along the Atlantic’s sea
floor, and the East Pacific Rise.

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 What’s More
Activity 6 What Do You Think?
Based on the discussion above, justify your answers to the following questions. Write
your answers on the attached answer sheet.

1. Do you think partial melting will occur if pressure is high in the asthenosphere?
2. Do you think partial melting will occur if there is too much water in the
subduction zone?
3. Do you think partial melting will occur if there is direct contact of hot molten rock
in the Earth’s crust?

Activity 7 Quicklab (adapted from https://web.facebook.com/notes/cedric-

bajan/endogenic-processes/2083024838617463/?_rdc=1&_rdr)

Perform this simple experiment that demonstrates magma formation and answer the
questions that follow. Write your answers on the attached answer sheet.
Materials: pan, source of heat, chocolate powder

What to do:

A. Put water in pan.

B. Sprinkle it with chocolate powder until the top is thickly covered with dry
powder.
C. Slowly place the pan containing water and chocolate powder on a source of
heat. Make sure the source of heat is under the center of the pan.
D. Let it boil for a few minutes. Observe what happens.
Guide Questions:

1. Describe what happens to the powder when water starts to boil?

2. What does the water represent?
3. What does the chocolate powder represent?
4. How does this activity relate to the formation of magma?

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 What I Have Learned

Activity 8 Let’s Wrap up!

Directions: Complete the sentences with the correct words. Write your answers on the
attached answer sheet.
1. There are two sources of the heat of Earth’s interior. These are
__________________ and ______________________.
2. ______________________ comes from the heat contained in the objects that
accreted to form Earth, and the heat produced when they collided.
3. A major source of Earth’s heat is __________________, the energy released
when the unstable atoms decay.
4. ___________________ is the motion or activity of magma.
5. _________________ are rocks that melted when subjected to high temperature
and pressure.
6. Earth’s heat is distributed through simultaneous __________________________,
________________________, and ________________________.
7. _______________________ forms due to decrease in pressure (decompression
melting), addition of volatiles (flux melting), and heat transfer from rising magma
(heat transfer melting).
8. ____________________ of oceanic crust eventually leads to rising magma
bodies and results in the formation of a linear chain of volcanoes known as
volcanic cordilleras
9. ______________________ produces submarine or subaerial volcanic chains.
10. ______________________ along rift zones results from decompression melting
of mafic rocks, giving rise to the formation new oceanic crust.

17
 What I Can Do

Activity 9 Illustrate and Explain (activity adapted from Earth and Life Science Quarter
1 – Module 6: The Earth’s Internal Heat)
Illustrate the example indicated in the given scenario in the box where conduction,
convection, and radiation are applied. Then, relate it to the processes occurring in the
Earth’s internal heat. Your illustrations and explanation to why certain scenarios
represents such will be placed on the attached answer sheet.

CONDUCTION: Chocolate candy in your hand

will eventually melt as the heat from your body
is released and makes it melted.

Explanation:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

CONVECTION: A heater in the hot air balloon

heats the air. The air inside is trapped causing
the balloon to rise.

Explanation:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

RADIATION: A fireman feels a door and it is hot

due to fire on the other side.

Explanation:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

18
 Assessment
Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answers
on the attached answer sheet.

1. Which one of the following statements is true?

A. The increase in pressure affecting a hot mantle rock at a constant
temperature permits melting of magma.
B. The decrease in pressure affecting a hot mantle rock at a constant
temperature permits melting of magma.
C. When volatiles mix with hot, dry rock, the volatile increases the rock’s
melting point.
D. When volatiles mix with cold, dry rock, the volatile decreases the rock’s
melting point.

2. Which of the following is considered as Earth’s interior major source of heat?

A. Radioactivity C. Inner Core
B. Thermosphere D. Earth’s mantle

3. In what type of matter does convection occur?

A. gases only C. gases and liquids
B. liquids only D. gases, liquids and solids

4. What do you call the process by which Earth makes heat?

A. Convection C. Thermoregulation
B. Incandescence D. Radioactive decay

5. Which of the following is considered a special element since it produces

heat when it decays?
A. Chromium C. Nickel
B. Iron D. Uranium

6. How is the Earth’s internal heat redistributed?

A. Lava transfers the heat from the Earth’s interior to the surface when it
rises.
B. Magma transfers the heat from the Earth’s interior to the surface when
it rises.
C. A or B is correct
D. Neither nor A nor B is correct

7. Which of the following are site/s of magma formation?

I. Hot spots II. Mid-oceanic ridges III. Subduction zones
A. I only C. II and III only
B. I and II only D. I, II and III are sites of magma formation.

19
8. Which of the following statements about the role of volatiles in the partial
melting of rocks is correct?
A. Volatiles help break the chemical bond in rocks.
B. Volatiles lower the melting temperature of the rocks.
C. A and B are correct.
D. A nor B is incorrect

9. Heat moves from __________ to __________ places.

A. hot; hotter C. colder; hotter
B. cold; colder D. hotter; colder

10. ______________ in Earth’s _______________ is the up and down movement

of plastic-like material within the layer.
A. Convection; crust C. Convection; mantle
B. Conduction; crust D. Conduction; mantle

11. A lot of Earth’s heat is left over from ___________________________.

A. when stars formed C. when our planet formed
B. when volcanos erupt D. when sun rays strike the Earth.

12. Earth keeps a nearly steady temperature, because

________________________.
A. it makes heat in its crust C. it makes heat in its mantle
B. it makes heat in its interior D. it makes heat in its exterior

13. The formation and movement of magma under the earth's crust is a process
known as ____________.
A. magmatism C. volcanism
B. lavanism D. magma flow

14. Magma is primarily a very hot liquid formed from melting of rocks in the
_______________.
A. asthenosphere C. lower part of the crust
B. upper part of the mantle D. all of the above

15. A ______________ represents a region of volcanism above a relatively

stationary region of intense heat within the Earth's mantle.
A. mountain C. subduction
B. rift D. hot spot

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 Additional Activities

Activity 10 1,2,3 Click! (activity adapted from Earth and Life Science Quarter 1 – Module
6: The Earth’s Internal Heat)
Using your smartphones, take a picture of five (5) common activities/scenarios on
which heat transfer is applied. It may be material, event or situation. Classify each
whether it is conduction, convection or radiation. Provide brief explanation to support
your answer. Post the picture and your answer on the attached answer sheet. Use the
template below.

Picture Kind of Heat Transfer Brief Explanation

Activity 11 ACRONYM (activity adapted from Earth and Life Science Quarter 1 – Module
7: Magmatism)
Use the word magmatism as an acronym. Use each letter to represent word/s that is
related to the lesson. Write your answers on the attached answer sheet.

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 22
Assessment What I Know
1. B 1. D
2. C 2. C
3. D 3. C
4. D 4. B
5. D 5. A
6. B 6. D
7. D 7. D
8. C 8. B
9. D 9. C
10. C 10. D
11. C 11. D
12. B 12. D
13. A 13. D
14. D 14. D
15. D 15. C
Answer Key
References
Dela Cruz, A. C., C. T. Remotigue, E. A. Dizon Jr., Z. S. Dizon, E. L Listanco, S. R. M Tabugo,
M. G. Q. Diaz, J. S. Estacion, D. T. Crisologo, & J. R. M. Guce. Teaching Guide for
Senior High School Earth and Life Science. Quezon City: Commision on Higher
Education, 2016

Anonymous. (9 August 2017). “What is Magmatism? - Definition, Process & Types”. Accessed
on https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-magmatism-definition-process-
types.html.

Arevalo, R., W. McDonough, & M. Luong. (2009). The K/U ratio of Earth: Insights into mantle
composition, structure and thermal evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
278(3-4), 361-369. Accessed from. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.02

EarthSky. 6 September 2010. What is the source of the heat in Earth’s interior? Accesses
from. https://earthsky.org/earth/what-is-the-source-of-the-heat-in-the-earths-interior

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education Region I

Schools Division of the City of Batac
16 S Quiling Sur, City of Batac 2906 Ilocos Norte, Philippines
Telefax No. (077) 677 – 1993
Website: www.csdb.com
Email Address: batac.city@deped.gov.ph

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 ANSWER SHEET
Quarter 1 – Module 3
EARTH’S INTERNAL HEAT
MAGMATISM

Name: ____________________________ Grade & Section: ________________ Score: ______

Teacher: ___________________________ School: ________________________ Date: ______

General Directions: Write your answers here from What I Know to Additional
Activities.

LESSON 1 Earth’s Internal Heat

What I Know

1. _______ 4. _______ 7. _______ 10. _______ 13. _______

2. _______ 5. _______ 8. _______ 11. _______ 14. _______

3. _______ 6. _______ 9. _______ 12. _______ 15. _______

What’s In Activity 1 Recalling Past Lesson

1. _______ 3. _______ 5. _______ 7. _______ 9. _______

2. _______ 4. _______ 6. _______ 8. _______ 10. _______

What’s New Activity 2 Quicklab

Answers to Guide Questions

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

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What’s More Activity 3 Picture Analysis

Answers to Guide Questions

1. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Lesson 2 Magmatism

What’s In Activity 4 Parts of A Volcano

1. ______________________________ 6. ______________________________

2. ______________________________ 7. ______________________________

3. ______________________________ 8. ______________________________

4. ______________________________ 9. ______________________________

5. ______________________________ 10. _____________________________

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What’s New Activity 5 Magmatism Crossword Puzzle
1 3

2 4

What’s More

Activity 6 What Do You Think?

Answers to Guide Questions

1. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Activity 7 Quicklab
Answers to Guide Questions
1. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________

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4. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned Activity 8 Let’s Wrap uP

1. ______________________________ 6. ______________________________

2. ______________________________ 7. ______________________________

3. ______________________________ 8. ______________________________

4. ______________________________ 9. ______________________________

5. ______________________________ 10. _____________________________

What I Can Do Activity 9 Illustrate and Explain

CONDUCTION: Chocolate candy in your hand

will eventually melt as the heat from your body
is released and makes it melted.

Explanation:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

CONVECTION: A heater in the hot air balloon

heats the air. The air inside is trapped causing
the balloon to rise.

Explanation:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

RADIATION: A fireman feels a door and it is hot

due to fire on the other side.

Explanation:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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Assessment
1. _______ 4. _______ 7. _______ 10. _______ 13. _______

2. _______ 5. _______ 8. _______ 11. _______ 14. _______

3. _______ 6. _______ 9. _______ 12. _______ 15. _______

Additional Activities Activity 10 1,2,3 Click

Picture Kind of Heat Transfer Brief Explanation

Activity 11 ACRONYM

M A G M A T I S M

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