CELL ENERGY

CELL
• is the basic structural,
functional, and biological
unit of all known
organisms.
• A cell is the smallest unit
of life.
 CELL
• It is the basic membrane-
bound unit that contains
the fundamental
molecules of life and of
which all living things are
composed.
TYPES OF CELLS
• PROKARYOTIC CELL
• EUKARYOTIC CELL
 TYPES OF CELL
• Prokaryotic Cell – single-
celled organisms; cells that do
not have a true nucleus or most
other cell organelles. example
is Bacteria Cell
 TYPES OF CELL
• Eukaryotic Cell – cells that
contain a nucleus and
organelles, and are enclosed by
a plasma membrane. Examples
of this type of cell are
protozoa, fungi, plants and
animals.
 CELL ORGANELLES

• Nucleus – it
controls all the
chemical activities
of the cell.
CELL ORGANELLES

• Nucleus
 CELL ORGANELLES
• Cytoskeleton – a dense
network of protein fibers
that supports the shape
of the cell and anchor
organelles such as the
nucleus to fixed
locations.
CELL ORGANELLES
CELL ORGANELLES
• Cytoplasm – a jelly-like clear
substance that fills the entire cell’s
volume. Cells are composed of
about 90% cytoplasm, which is
mostly composed of water. The
cytoplasm contains proteins,
amino acids, and glucose. It is
where most of the intercellular
chemical reactions take place and
where the organelles are
suspended.
CELL ORGANELLES
• Endoplasmic Reticulum- is a series of
channels that are found throughout the
cytoplasm of the cell. The endoplasmic
reticulum covered with ribosomes is
called rough endoplasmic reticulum,
while those no ribosomes is called
smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
CELL ORGANELLES
CELL ORGANELLES
• Ribosomes – are the smallest
organelles and are found either
embedded in the endoplasmic
reticulum or floating freely in the
cytoplasm. Most ribosomes
function is the synthesis of
proteins. Many of these proteins
are used to create parts of the cell.
CELL ORGANELLES
CELL ORGANELLES
• Mitochondria – are the oval-
shaped structures located
inside the cell. They contain
enzymes that aid the cell in
drawing energy from glucose.
The energy released from
glucose is stored in ATP.
CELL ORGANELLES
CELL ORGANELLES

• Vacuoles – bag-like structures

located in the cytoplasm of the
cells that stores water and other
materials for use by the cell. In
plant cells, these vacuoles are
very large; in animal cells, they
are much smaller in size.
CELL ORGANELLES
 CELL ORGANELLES
• Lysosomes – are small, sac-like
structures that contain digestive
enzymes, which are used to dissolve
large food molecules and to break up
old or damaged cell structures. The
lysosomes are also responsible for the
digestive characteristic of certain white
blood cells and the destruction of tissue
in animals such as the tail of tadpoles.
CELL ORGANELLES
CELL ORGANELLES

• Golgi bodies or Golgi

apparatus – are a group of
organelles that prepare
certain protein compounds
for dispersal from the cell.
CELL ORGANELLES
CELL ORGANELLES

• Centrioles – contain a circular

DNA molecule involved in the
production of many structural
proteins.
CELL ORGANELLES
 CELL ORGANELLES
• Cell wall – found only in plant cells. It
is composed mainly of the complex
carbohydrate cellulose. The cell wall
acts as a supportive structure for plants
cells. Plant cells also contain
chloroplasts that contain the pigment
chlorophyll. The chloroplasts are the
site of the chemical process of
photosynthesis.
• Two kinds of organelles act as cellular powerhouse
playing essential roles in manufacturing food and
releasing energy. These are:

a. Mitochondria – found in all eukaryotic cells

b. Chloroplasts – found only in algae and green plants.