21 STORIES DESIGN OF DUTA MALL NORTH SIDE BUILDING IN

BANJARMASIN

Yunita Anggreni Prasetyo, Ari Febry Fardheny, Ida Barkiah

Civil Engineering, Faculty of engineering, University Lambung Mangkurat
Correspondence author: yunita.anggrenip@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The increasing of population in urban areas, particularly in larger cities led

people to demand space and land for residential, offices, and others increased. The high
demands of grounds and space are not equal to the availability of land as well as the
land price keeps rising became an issue in urban areas. A high rise building is the best
solution to overcome those problems. The north side building of Duta Mall is a high-
rise building in Banjarmasin with a total of 21 stories and 83.35 m height.
This design is for twenty-one stories of Duta Mall north side building in
Banjarmasin that consists of upper structures design and lower structures design. This
design is referring to SNI 2847-2013 for structure calculations, SNI 1727-2013 for
building load calculations, and SNI 1726-2013 for earthquake calculations. This design
is using reinforced concrete dual systems for its structure with fc’ 30 MPa and fy 400
MPa. Banjarmasin is classified as category B for the seismic design category and as
category SE for site classification. Structural analysis is using a computer program and
manual calculations.
Based on the result obtained, there are 19 types of beams for the design. B6
voute is a very unique beam with 11600 mm long. The dimension of this beam is 70 x
100 cm at its support with 14D-22 and 7D-22 for tension and compression
reinforcement bars and 50 x 70 cm at its midspan with 7D-22 and 4D-22 for tension
and compression reinforcement bars. Besides, due to the considerable torsion force at
the beam, 14D-13 torsion reinforcement bars are needed. There are five types of column
with 140 x 140 cm, 105 x 105 cm, 75 x 95 cm, 50 x 50 cm, and diameter of 100 cm
column dimension. Slab thicknesses are 150 cm and 125 cm. The pools on this design
have asymmetrical shapes located on the 11 stories with 120 mm pools wall thickness
and 2 m height. There are three types of shearwalls with 300 mm wall thickness that is
located on base until 11 stories, 1 until 11 stories and 11 until 21 stories. For the
foundations used for the design are spun piles with a diameter of 800 mm and a depth
of 42 m. There are 9 type of pile caps those are with 2 piles (PC-1), 8 piles (PC-2), 9
piles (PC-3), 12 piles (PC-4), 16 piles (PC-5), 20 piles (PC-6), 24 piles (PC-7), 28 piles
(PC-8), dan 40 piles (PC-SW).

Keywords: High-rise building, reinforced concrete, dual systems, response spectrum,

reinforcement, bearing capacity.

1. INTRODUCTION
The increasing of population in urban areas especially in larger cities led people
demanding space and land for residential, offices, and others increased. The high demands
of land and space are not equal to the availability of land as well as the land price keeps
rising became an issue in urban areas. A high rise building is the best solution to overcome
those problems. (Poulos, 2017)
In a high-rise building, wind loads and seismic loads increase with the height of
the building and will cause sway to the building so that the structural durability of
horizontal loads must be considered in the design. (Hallebrand & Jakobsson, 2016)
Moreover, the load acting on the structure is distributed to the supporting layer with the
help of the foundation. The foundation of the building must be calculated to ensure the
stability of the building against vertical and horizontal loads such as wind loads, seismic
loads, and others, and differential or total settlements that occurred must not more than a
fixed limit. (Gunawan, 1983)
This design will design a high-rise building in Banjarmasin which is 21 stories of
Duta Mall north side building. Duta Mall north side building will be the tallest building
to build in Banjarmasin with a height of 83.35 meters. The height of the building causing
moment and forces that will be carried by the building structures are very considerable.
Horizontal loads especially wind loads and seismic loads and the effects of soil
condition on the structures in Banjarmasin becomes an interesting issue in this design.
Wind loads and seismic loads will extremely affect the structures of the Duta Mall north
side building. It is because Banjarmasin soils have a characteristic of clay soils with the
supporting layers to carry the loads is deep enough. The characteristic of soil determined
the type of foundation that can be used. This design will discuss how to design 21 stories
of Duta Mall north side building in clay soils according to the applicable rules and
regulations so that the building can be declared feasible and safe.

2. THEORETICAL STUDY
Loads
The load design in Indonesia is based on SNI 1727-2013. Loads generally classified into
two different categories which are static and dynamic.
Static Forces
Dead loads
Based on SNI 1727-2013 Article 3.1, dead loads are the weight of all building
construction materials installed.
Live loads
Based on SNI 1727 Article 4.1, live loads are loads that occurred because of the users
and the occupants of the building or other structures.
Dynamic Forces
Wind loads
Wind loads analysis procedures referring to SNI 1727-2013 Article 27.2 are as
follows:
Determining the building risk category
Determining the base wind velocity (V)
Determining the wind loads parameter:
Wind direction factor (Kd)
 Exposure category
Topography factor (Kzt)
Wind blow effect factor (G)
Closure classification
Internal pressure coefficient (GCpi)
Determining the pressure-velocity exposure coefficient (Kz and Kh)
Determining the velocity pressure (qz or qh)
Determining the external pressure coefficient (Cp or CN).
Calculating the wind pressure (p)
Seismic loads
According to Indarto, et al. (2013), seismic load analysis procedures based on SNI
1726-2012 in buildings are as follows:
Building structure risk category (I-IV)
Determining the seismic priority category, Ie.
Determining the mapped seismic acceleration parameter (Ss, S1).
Determining the site classification (SA – SF)
Determining the site coefficient
Determining the response spectrum design
Determining the seismic design category (A-D)
Calculating the seismic response coefficient (Cs)
Calculating the effective seismic weight (W)
Calculating the base shear (V)
Loads Combination
The factored loads combination for strength design methods are as follows:
1.4D
1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5 (Lf or S or R)
1.2D +1.6 (Lf or S or R) + (L or 0.5W)
1.2D + 1.0W + L + 0.5 (Lf or S or R)
1.2D + 1.0E + L + 0.2S
0.9D + 1.0W
0.9D + 1.0E
Nominal load combination for allowable stress design are as follows:
D
D+L
D + (Lf or S or R)
D + 0.75L + 0.75 (Lf or S or R)
D + (0.6W or 0.7E)
a. D + 0.75L + 0.75 (0.6W) + 0.75 (Lf or S or R)
b. D + 0.75L + 0.75 (0.7E) + 0.75S
0.6D + 0.6W
0.6D +0.7E
High-rise Building Concept
The vertical loads increase with the height of the building. Besides that, the deflections
and acceleration from horizontal loads mainly occur from unexpected deflections such as
wind and seismic give a large effect to the building. Horizontal loads from wind may also
cause sway int the building. The shape of the wind pressure is increasing with the height,
which gives even greater base-moment. Unexpected deflection may arise when
imperfections in the elements occur during the manufacturing or if the foundation is
uneven due to a homogenous site. It is a consideration that any unexpected deflection
causes additional lateral forces. We can see the behavior of the building under the lateral
loading as a cantilever fixed at the ground. (Hallebrand & Jakobsson, 2016)
Types of High-Rise Structure Systems
Based on SNI 1726-2012, there are some types of high-rise structure systems which are
as follows:
Bearing wall system
Dual system
Shear wall and frame interaction system
Cantilever column system
Frame system
Moment resisting frame system
Concrete Building Construction Method
The building construction method of the concrete building generally can be cast in-situ
(conventional concrete), ex-situ (pre-cast concrete), or the combination of both. The
differences between conventional and pre-cast concrete are on their cast methods. For
conventional concrete, the concrete casting method takes place in the same as the element
and creates in molds on site. Whereas for pre-cast concrete, the concrete casting method
takes place in another place (ex-situ). (Ervianto, 2006; Hallebrand & Jakobsson, 2016)
This design is using the cast-in-place method that is conventional concrete.
Design Procedure
The design procedure of this building is referring to SNI 2847-2013.
Slab
Minimum slab thickness (tp), must be following the regulation on SNI 2847-2013 Article
9.5.3.3 as follows:
For αfm ≤ 0.2,
tp min = 125 mm (without drop panels)
tp min = 100 mm (with drop panels)
For 0.2 < αfm ≤ 2.0,
tp min = 125 mm
𝑓𝑦
ℓ𝑛 (0.8+ )
1400
ℎ= 36+5𝛽(𝛼𝑓𝑚 −0.2)
Fork αfm > 2.0,
tp min = 90 mm
 𝑓𝑦
ℓ𝑛 (0.8+ )
1400
ℎ= 36+9𝛽

Beam Design
The cross-section design that is subjected to bending must meet the requirements of SNI
2847-2013 Article 22.5.1 as follows:
∅Mn ≥ Mu
The design of beam shear strength must meet the requirements of SNI 03-2847-2013
Article 11.1.1, as follows:
∅Vn ≥ Vu
Column Design
Besides bearing the axial load, the column at the same time also carries a bending
moment. Column cross-section design must meet the requirements of SNI 2847-2013
Article 22.5.1 and Article 22.5.2, as follows:
∅Mn ≥ Mu
∅Pn ≥ Pu
Foundation
Pile bearing capacity for vertical loads calculated with Meyerhof’s method based on SPT
data and for lateral load calculated with Broms’s method.
Pile Vertical Bearing Capacity Based on SPT Data
In granular soil, it is used the Meyerhoff (1965) method as follows,
𝑄𝑢 = 𝑄𝑏 + 𝑄𝑓 = 40𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑟 (𝑙⁄𝑑 )𝐴𝑏 + 2𝑁
̅𝑐𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑠

with, Qb = 40𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑟 (𝑙⁄𝑑) ≤ 400𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑟

Ncor = CN No Eh Cd Cs Cb
Based on SNI 8460-2017 Article 9.2.3.1, for deep foundation, vertical bearing ultimate
capacity safety factor is 2.5 in minimum. The safety factor recommended by Murthy
(2007) is more than or equal to 4 so that,
𝑄𝑢
Qa = 4

Pile Lateral Bearing Capacity

For fixed-head long pile, lateral loads (Pu) is equal to lateral ultimate bearing capacity if
(Broms, 1964a),
2𝑀𝑦
Pu = (1.5𝐷+0.5𝑓)

The lateral ultimate bearing capacity for long fixed-head pile can be determined from
Pult/cuD2 and Myield/cuD3 relation graphs.
Pile Deflection
Based on Broms (1964) method, the pile is classified as fixed-head long pile if βL > 1.5.
Deflection of pile ends in cohesive soils at ground level (yo) for the fixed-head long pile
is as follows,
 Hβ 4 𝑘𝐷
yo = 𝑘𝐷 with, 𝛽 = √4𝐸𝐼
(Pamungkas & Harianti, 2013)
Pile deflection safety factor based on SNI 8460-2017 Article 9.7.3.1 is 12 mm for
earthquake plan and 25mm for a strong earthquake in a single pile and free-head
condition.

3. DESIGN METHOD
Drawing Plan

Figure 1 Duta Mall north side building 3D

Design Location
The Duta Mall north side building located on Jl. A. Yani KM. 2 Banjarmasin with GPS
located at 3o19’18” S 114o36’11” E.

Figure 2 Duta Mall north side building location

The Collecting Data Method
Retrieval of existing data
Study of literature
Flowchart

Figure 3 Flowchart
4. RESULT & DISCUSSION
Data Planning
- Concrete quality (fc’) = 30 MPa
- Steel quality (fy) = 400 Mpa
- Concrete modulus elasticity (Ec) = 4700√(fc’) = 25742.960 MPa
- Steel modulus elasticity (Es) = 200000 Mpa
Preliminary Design
Beam
Based on SNI 2847-2013 Article 9.5.2.2, the minimum thickness of beams for fy less than
400 MPa can be seen in Table 1. The results of complete calculations see
Table 2.
Table 1 Beam preliminary design formula

Table 2 Beam preliminary design

Panjang Dimensi
Kode
mm cm
B1 3500 - 8400 50/70
B2 3200 - 5400 40/50
B3 8600 - 9500 55/80
B4 9900 - 10000 65/85
B5 11000 70/95
B6 VOUTE 11600 70/100-50/70
BA1 1000 - 4700 25/30
BA2 5000 30/45
BK1 1000 - 4050 50/70
BAK1 4000 40/50
BR1 4000 - 8300 50/70
BR2 3500 - 7200 40/60
BR3 4200 - 4600 30/45
BR4 9000 50/75
BR5 5000 - 10000 60/85
BR6 11000 65/95
BR7 VOUTE 11600 70/100-50/70
BRA1 1200 - 4700 25/30
BRA2 4900 - 5000 30/40

Slab
The example of slab preliminary design calculation on ground floor:
Calculating β value
The example of β calculation on panel 356
𝐿𝑛 5100
β= = 3200 = 1.57
𝐿𝑠
ground floor β average = 1.72
Calculating minimum slab thickness
αfm = 0.8 (assumption); fy = 400 MPa
for 0.2 < αfm = 1.55 ≤ 2,
tp min = 125 mm and
 𝑓𝑦 400
ℓ𝑛 (0.8 + ) 5100 (0.8 + )
1400 1400
ℎ= = = 134.76 𝑚𝑚
36 + 5𝛽(𝛼𝑓𝑚 − 0.2) 36 + 5(1.72)(0.8 − 0.2)
so, the thickness of the ground floor slab is 150 mm
Slab thickness for each floor can be seen in Table 3
Table 3 Slab preliminary design
Lantai Tebal pelat (mm)
Dasar 150
1 s.d 21 125
22 (Dak) 125
Kolam renang 125

Column
The column minimum thickness is as wide as a beam that resting on its, see Table 4
Table 4 Column preliminary design
Dimensi
Lebar
kolom yang
TIPE maksimum
digunakan
balok (cm)
(cm)
C1 70 140/140
C2 70 105/105
C3 50 75/95
C4 50 50/50
CL 70 D100

Shear wall
According to Murty (2005), shear wall thickness for high-rise buildings can be taken as
150 mm to 400 mm. Therefore, in this design for shear wall preliminary design, that is
located on the elevator, was taken as thick as 300 mm.
Loads
Dead loads
The calculation results of dead load based on SNI 1727-2013 and PPURG 1989 can
be seen in Table 5
Table 5 Dead loads on the building

Live loads
The calculation results of live loads based on SNI 1727-2013 can be seen in Table 6
and Table 7
 Table 6 Live loads on the building
Beban
Lantai Properties Kode Beban Jenis Beban
(kN/m2)
qLL1 lantai dasar Jalan lintas kendaraan/parkir 11.97
Dasar S150 qLL2 lantai dasar Gudang (berat) 11.97
qLL3 lantai dasar Koridor (publik) 4.79
qLL1 lantai 1 Jalan lintas kendaraan/parkir 11.97
1 S125
qLL2 lantai 1 Lobi 4.79
qLL1 lantai 2 s.d 10 Jalan lintas kendaraan/parkir 11.97
2 s.d 10 S125
qLL2 lantai 2 s.d 10 Lobi 4.79
Kolam Renang PS125 qLL1 lantai kolam renang Kolam Renang 3.59
qLL1 lantai 11 Lobi 4.79
qLL2 lantai 11 Koridor (publik) 4.79
11 S125
qLL3 lantai 11 Hotel (ruang publik) 4.79
qLL4 lantai 11 Tangga 4.79
qLL1 lantai 12 Koridor (publik) 4.79
qLL2 lantai 12 Ruang pertemuan 4.79
12 S125
qLL3 lantai 12 Restoran 4.79
qLL4 lantai 12 Tangga 4.79
qLL1 lantai 13 Koridor (publik) 4.79
Table 7 Live loads due to lifts
qLL2 lantai 13 Ruang dansa 4.79
qLL3 lantai 13 Tangga Beban4.79
Lantai
13
Kode
S125
Beban Jenis Beban
qLL4 lantai 13 Preparation Terpusat11.97
(kN)
R1 qLL5 lantai 13 M/C Room Toilet Reaction 2.40
77.00
qLL Kantor 2.40
R2 qLL67 lantai 13
lantai 13
M/C Room
KantorReaction
(dek) 43.00
3.60
R3 qLL1 lantai 14 s.dM/C
21 Lobi Reaction
Room 4.79
11.00
Dak qLL2 lantai 14 s.d 21 Koridor (publik) 4.79
R4 M/C Room Reaction 25.00
14 s.d 21 S125 qLL3 lantai 14 s.d 21 Hotel (ruang publik) 4.79
R1 qLL M/C Room Reaction
Hotel (dak) 128.10
7.185
4 lantai 14 s.d 21
R2 qLL5 lantai 14 s.dM/C
21 Room
TanggaReaction 69.50
4.79
R1 qLL1 lantai dak M/C Room TamanReaction
atap 4.79
77.00
Dak S125
qLL2 lantai dak Atap 0.96
R2 M/C Room Reaction 43.00
12
R3 M/C Room Reaction 11.00
R4 M/C Room Reaction 25.00

Wind loads
The result of the wind load calculation based on SNI 1727-2013 Article 26 and Article
27 are as follows:
Wind pressure (p)
p = q(GCp) – qi(GCpi) (N/m2)
Wind pressure on the windward wall
PFINAL for the windward wall is 0.770 kN/m2
Wind pressure on the leeward wall
PFINAL for the leeward wall is 0.001 kN/m2.
Seismic loads
Response spectrum design:
According to the regulation on SNI 1726-2012 Article 6.4, the graph obtained
from the response spectrum design is in Picture 3.

Picture 1 Response spectrum design

Response spectrum scale factor parameter:
g = 9.81 m/s2 ; Ie = 1; R = 6
 Response spectrum X direction
g × Ie
U1 = 100 % × ( )
R
9.81×1
= 100 % × ( ) = 1.64
6
g × Ie
U2 = 30 % × ( )
R
9.81×1
= 30 % × ( ) = 0.49
6
Response spectrum Y direction
g × Ie
U1 = 30 % × ( )
R
9.81×1
= 30 % × ( ) = 0.49
6
g × Ie
U2 = 100 % × ( )
R
9.81×1
= 100 % × ( ) = 1.64
6

Structure Analysis
The structural analysis procedures using a computer program are as follows:
Structural modeling
Structural modeling using a computer program

Figure 4 3D modeling on a computer program

Defining section properties according to planning data, concrete as for material, and
cantilever fixed as for support
Inputting loads to a computer program such as dead, live, wind, and seismic loads
Load combination
The ultimate condition is being used for beam, column, slab, and wall structural
analysis that consists of 24 load combinations, see Table 8. The service condition used
for footing design consists of 29 load combinations, see Table 9.
Table 8 Load combination of ultimate condition
Kode Kombinasi Kode Kombinasi
ULT-1 1.4D ULT-13 1.2D - 1.0Ex + 1.0L
ULT-2 1.2D + 1.6L ULT-14 1.2D + 1.0Ey + 1.0L
ULT-3 1.2D + 1.0L ULT-15 1.2D - 1.0Ey + 1.0L
ULT-4 1.2D + 0.5Wx ULT-16 0.9D + 1.0Wx
ULT-5 1.2D - 0.5Wx ULT-17 0.9D - 1.0Wx
ULT-6 1.2D + 0,5Wy ULT-18 0.9D + 1.0Wy
ULT-7 1.2D - 0,5Wy ULT-19 0.9D - 1.0Wy
ULT-8 1.2D + 1.0Wx + 1.0L ULT-20 0.9D + 1.0Ex
ULT-9 1.2D - 1.0Wx + 1.0L ULT-21 0.9D - 1.0Ex
ULT-10 1.2D + 1.0Wy + 1.0L ULT-22 0.9D + 1.0Ey
ULT-11 1.2D - 1.0Wy + 1.0L ULT-23 0.9D - 1.0Ey
ULT-12 1.2D + 1.0Ex + 1.0L ULT-24 Envelope Ultimit
 Table 9 Load combination of service condition
Kode Kombinasi Kode Kombinasi
SERV-1 1.0D SERV-16 1.0D + 0.75L - 0.45Wy
SERV-2 1.0D + 1.0L SERV-17 1.0D + 0.75L + 0.525Wx
SERV-3 1.0D SERV-18 1.0D + 0.75L - 0.525Wx
SERV-4 1.0D + 0.75L SERV-19 1.0D + 0.75L + 0.525Wy
SERV-5 1.0D + 0.6Wx SERV-20 1.0D + 0.75L - 0.525Wy
SERV-6 1.0D - 0.6Wx SERV-21 0.6D + 0.6Wx
SERV-7 1.0D + 0.6Wy SERV-22 0.6D - 0.6Wx
SERV-8 1.0D - 0.6Wy SERV-23 0.6D + 0.6Wy
SERV-9 1.0D + 0.7Ex SERV-24 0.6D - 0.6Wy
SERV-10 1.0D - 0.7Ex SERV-25 0.6D + 0.7Ex
SERV-11 1.0D + 0.7Ey SERV-26 0.6D - 0.7Ex
SERV-12 1.0D - 0.7Ey SERV-27 0.6D + 0.7Ey
SERV-13 1.0D + 0.75L + 0.45Wx SERV-28 0.6D - 0.7Ey
SERV-14 1.0D + 0.75L - 0.45Wx
SERV-29 Envelope Servis
SERV-15 1.0D + 0.75L + 0.45Wy
Run Analysis
Structural modeling control
Structural modeling control consists of mass participation ratio, base shear, dual
systems, and story drift control.
Mass participation ratio
Referring to SNI 1727-2013 Article 7.9.1, the mass participating ratio must be at
least 90% from actual mass in each horizontal direction. 720 modes were used
resulting the participating mass ratio for SumUX is 96.07% > 90% at mode 689
and SumUY is 96.16% > 90 % at mode 713 (OK)
Base shear
Base shear results from response spectrum analysis using a computer program as
shown in Table 10
Table 10 Base shear response spectrum analysis
TABLE: Base Reactions
V tx V ty
(ton) (ton)
1518.92 2116.75
Base shear results from the static equivalent analysis are as follows,
Ct = 0.048; x = 0.75;
hn = 83.35 m
Ta = Ct hnx = 0.048 × 83.380.75
= 1.35 second
The calculation of seismic response coefficient can be seen in Table 11
Table 11 Seismic response coefficient limit
C s min = 0.044 S DS I e C s = S DS / (R/I e ) C s maks = S D1 / (T(R/I e ) C s yang digunakan
0.0073 0.0278 0.0145 0.0145
Using an effective seismic weight computer program shows a result in Table 12.
Table 12 Effective seismic weight
TABLE: Base Reactions
FZ
Load Case/Combo
ton
Super dead 14275.35
Dead 78560.22
Live 72000.13
W = D + 50% L 128835.64
V = Cs W = 0.0145 × 128835.64
= 1866.26 ton
Control over Vt > 0.85V
Vtx = 1518.92 ton
Vty =2116.75 ton
0.85V = 1586.32 ton
Vtx < 0.85V (Not OK)
Vty > 0.85V (OK)
Correction of the response spectrum on X axis direction:
𝑉 1586.32
U1 = 1.64 × 0.85 = 1.64 × = 1.71
𝑉𝑡𝑥 1518.92

𝑉 1586.32
U2 = 0.49 × 0.85 = 0.49 × = 0.51
𝑉𝑡𝑥 1518.92

Thus, the corrected base shear from response spectrum analysis as shown in Table
13
Table 13 The corrected response spectrum base shear
TABLE: Base Reactions
V tx V ty
(ton) (ton)
1586.54 2116.75
Vtx = 1586.54 ton
Vty = 2116.75 ton
0.85V = 1586.32 ton
Vtx > 0.85V (OK)
Vty > 0.85V (OK)
Story drift
Story drift control based on SNI 1726-2012 Article 7.12.1 are as shown in Table
14.
Table 14 Story drift control
Simpangan antar lantai simpangan antar lantai
Tinggi (h sx ) Kontrol
Lantai tingkat desain (Δ) tingkat izin
m arah-X arah-Y (Δa ) = 0.020 h sx Δ ≤ Δa
2.6 M/C ROOM TOP 0.0003 0.0002 0.0520 OK
3.6 Lantai dak 0.0005 0.0002 0.0720 OK
3.6 Lantai 21 0.0005 0.0002 0.0720 OK
3.6 Lantai 20 0.0006 0.0003 0.0720 OK
3.6 Lantai 19 0.0006 0.0003 0.0720 OK
3.6 Lantai 18 0.0006 0.0003 0.0720 OK
3.6 Lantai 17 0.0005 0.0003 0.0720 OK
3.6 Lantai 16 0.0005 0.0002 0.0720 OK
3.6 Lantai 15 0.0004 0.0002 0.0720 OK
3.6 Lantai 14 0.0004 0.0002 0.0720 OK
3.6 Lantai 13 0.0005 0.0002 0.0720 OK
4.3 Lantai 12 0.0005 0.0002 0.0860 OK
1.5 Lantai 11 0.0005 0.0005 0.0300 OK
2.53 Lantai Kolam Renang 0.0005 0.0004 0.0506 OK
3.33 Lantai 10 0.0005 0.0003 0.0666 OK
3.33 Lantai 9 0.0005 0.0002 0.0666 OK
3.33 Lantai 8 0.0004 0.0001 0.0666 OK
3.33 Lantai 7 0.0004 0.0001 0.0666 OK
3.33 Lantai 6 0.0003 0.0001 0.0666 OK
3.33 Lantai 5 0.0004 0.0002 0.0666 OK
3.33 Lantai 4 0.0004 0.0002 0.0666 OK
3.33 Lantai 3 0.0004 0.0003 0.0666 OK
3.33 Lantai 2 0.0005 0.0003 0.0666 OK
6.45 Lantai 1 0.0004 0.0002 0.1290 OK
1 Lantai dasar 0.0001 0.0001 0.0200 OK

Dual systems control

Referring to SNI 1726-2012 Article 7.2.5.1 for dual systems, the moment resisting
frame must be able to carry at least 25 percent of seismic force design. From the
 analysis result using a computer program (see Table 15) the structure has been
qualified for dual systems.
Table 15 Dual systems control
Reaksi dalam menahan gempa (kN) Presentase dalam menahan gempa (%)
Arah
FX FY FX FY
beban
RSPM SW RSPM SW RSPM SW RSPM SW
RS-X 4731.01 13505.13 2619.01 7783.10 25.94% 74.06% 25.18% 74.82%
RS-Y 2492.25 6990.68 4573.02 12794.99 26.28% 73.72% 26.33% 73.67%

Beam Reinforcement Design

Forces used for beam reinforcements design was obtained from a computer program.
Beam reinforcement results based on manual calculations of longitudinal and transversal
reinforcements it is obtained as shown in Table 16
Table 16 Beam reinforcement calculation results

Column Reinforcement Design

Forces used for column reinforcements design was obtained from a Computer program.
Column longitudinal reinforcement is calculated with a computer program. Whereas,
transversal reinforcement is calculated manually so that the results are obtained as shown
in Table 17
Table 17 Column reinforcement calculation results
Dimensi (mm) Tulangan Tulangan Transversal
TIPE
b h Longitudinal Perlu Minimum
C1 1400 1400 32D-57 8D13-100 8D13-150
C2 1050 1050 20D-57 6D13-100 6D13-150
C3 750 950 20D-32 4D13-100 4D13-150
C4 500 500 24D-22 4D13-125 4D13-130
CL 1000 24D-32 6D13-100 6D13-150

Slab Reinforcement Design

The slab moment design was manually calculated by moment coefficient method (PBI-
71). The complete calculation of lab reinforcement for each floor can be seen in Table 18
Table 18 Slab reinforcement calculation results

Pool Walls Reinforcement Design

The moment design for pool walls reinforcement was obtained from the results of
structural analysis using a computer program with the assumption of support as cantilever
fixed. From the reinforcement calculation for pool walls with a height of 2 m and 120
mm thick it was obtained D13-150 for the main reinforcement and D13-400 for the
shrinkage and temperature reinforcement.
Shear Wall Reinforcement Design
Longitudinal reinforcement design for shear walls is calculated with a computer program,
and for transversal reinforcement is manually calculated based on SNI 2847-2013. The
results are shown in Table 19
Table 19 Shear wall reinforcement calculation results

Foundation Design
Pile Vertical Bearing Capacity Based on SPT Data
Bearing capacity based on SPT data with the Meyerhoff (1956) method are as follows:
- L = 42 m; D = 0.8 m
- Ncor = N60 = CN No Eh Cd Cs Cb
= 22.86 (Bowles, 1996)
̅
- 𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑟 = 23.74
- Ultimate end bearing capacity,
𝑄𝑏 = 40𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑟 (𝑙⁄𝑑 )𝐴𝑏 ≤ 400𝑁𝑐𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑏
= 4709.92 ≥ 4709.92 kN
so Qb = 4709.92 kN
- Ultimate friction bearing capacity,
𝑄𝑓 = 2𝑁 ̅𝑐𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑠 = 119.40 kN
- Ultimate bearing capacity,
𝑄𝑢 = 𝑄𝑏 + 𝑄𝑓 = 4829.32 kN
Qallow = Qu/SF (SF = 4)
= 1207.33 kN
The efficiency of Pile Groups
The calculation for pile groups efficiency according to Converse-Labarre from Uniform
Building Code AASHTO formula as follows:
(𝑛−1)𝑚+(𝑚−1)𝑛
Eg = 1 – θ 90𝑚𝑛
, with θ = tan-1(D/s)
The complete pile group efficiency calculation can be seen in Table 20.
Table 20 Pile groups efficiency
Jarak Digunakan
Jumlah Kontrol
TIPE n m θ Eg Qizin (kN) Pu (kN)
Tiang Diambil s (m) Pu < Qizin
PC-1 2 2 1 2.5D 2 21.80 0.88 2122.20 1208.74 OK
PC-2 8 4 2 2.5D 2 21.80 0.70 6734.03 6573.28 OK
PC-3 9 3 3 2.5D 2 21.80 0.68 7356.44 7341.91 OK
PC-4 12 4 3 2.5D 2 21.80 0.66 9516.13 9378.40 OK
PC-5 16 4 4 2.5D 2 21.80 0.64 12298.22 12098.72 OK
PC-6 20 5 4 2.5D 2 21.80 0.62 15080.32 14991.47 OK
PC-7 24 6 4 2.5D 2 21.80 0.62 17862.41 17582.84 OK
PC-8 28 7 4 3.5D 2.8 15.95 1.00 33805.27 29957.09 OK
PC-SW 40 8 5 3.5D 2.8 15.95 1.00 48293.24 46123.10 OK

Maximum Pile Loads on Pile Groups

𝑃𝑢 𝑀𝑦 . 𝑋𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑠 𝑀𝑥 . 𝑌𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑠
Pmaks = ± ∑ 𝑋2
± ∑ 𝑌2
𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔
The complete calculation as shown in Table 21.
 Table 21 The maximum load on the pile groups control
Jumlah Pumaks Mxmaks Mymaks xmaks ymaks 2 2 Pmaks Kontrol
TIPE
Tiang ΣX ΣY Pmaks < Qizin
(kN) (kNm) (kNm) (m) (m) (kN)
PC-1 2 1208.74 275.39 292.66 1 0 2 0 750.70 OK
PC-2 8 6573.28 263.08 201.32 3 1 40 8 869.64 OK
PC-3 9 7341.91 95.83 168.40 2 2 24 24 837.79 OK
PC-4 12 9378.40 251.52 275.12 3 2 60 32 811.01 OK
PC-5 16 12098.72 216.91 183.00 3 3 80 80 771.17 OK
PC-6 20 14991.47 215.23 329.59 4 3 160 100 759.66 OK
PC-7 24 17582.84 272.87 338.31 5 3 280 120 737.04 OK
PC-8 28 29957.09 253.78 224.76 8.4 4.2 878.08 327.6 1075.30 OK
PC-SW 40 46123.10 1051.85 317.16 9.8 5.6 1558.2 627.2 1164.46 OK

Lateral Resistance of Piles

Lateral resistance of piles by Broms (1964) in cohesive soil for the fixed-head pile is as
follows:
- L = 42 m; D = 0.8 m
2
- Cu = 23.37 kN/m
5
- T = √𝐸𝐼⁄𝑛ℎ = 4.19

L/T = 10.49 ≥ 4 (Long pile)

- My = Mcrack = 407 kNm
Hu = 9Cu D (L – 3D/2) = 6865.97 kN
- At that Hu, the moment that occurs at the pile are as follows:
Mmax = Hu (L/2 + 3D/2) = 152424.59 kNm > My = 407 kNm (Long pile)
- My/CuD3 = 34.02, from Figure 5 it was obtained, Hu/CuD2 = 24
Hu = 24 Cu D2 = 359.01 kN
Hallow = Hu/SF = 143.60 kN (SF = 2.5)

Figure 5 My/CuD3 and Hu/CuD2 relation graphs

Pile Deflection Control
Pile deflection control was calculated based on Broms (1964) method as follows:
4 𝑘𝐷
k = 25 MN/m3 ; 𝛽 = √4𝐸𝐼 = 0.313
𝛽𝐿 = 13.79 > 1.5 (Tiang Panjang)
So, the deflection of the long pile at the ground level are as follows (yo),
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 . 𝛽
yo = = 0.00225 m = 2.25 mm < 12 mm (OK)
𝑘𝐷
Pile cap dimension design
Pile cap design must be able to carry shear forces towards one way and two ways. Pile
cap dimension design and pile cap shear control results can be seen in Table 22.
 Table 22 Pile cap dimension
Dimensi Pile Cap (m)
Jumlah
TIPE s (m) x (m)
Tiang P L t

PC-1 2 2 1.2 4.4 2.4 1.0

PC-2 8 2 1.2 8.4 4.4 1.0
PC-3 9 2 1.2 6.4 6.4 1.0
PC-4 12 2 1.2 8.4 6.4 1.0
PC-5 16 2 1.2 8.4 8.4 1.0
PC-6 20 2 1.2 10.4 8.4 1.0
PC-7 24 2 1.2 12.4 8.4 1.2
PC-8 28 2.8 1.2 19.2 10.8 1.7
PC-SW 40 2.8 1.2 22.0 13.6 2.2

Pile Cap Reinforcement Design

Moment design that occurs at pile cap because of axial loads can be obtained from the
formula,
- Mux = Pu . (xmaks – ½ bk)
- Muy = Pu . (ymaks – ½ hk)
So that it is obtained pile cap reinforcement as shown in Table 23
Table 23 Pile cap reinforcement calculation results

5. CONCLUSION
In these 21 stories of Duta Mall north side building design consist of two phases of design,
those are upper structure design and lower structure design. Upper structure design
consists of preliminary design, load calculation, structure analysis with a computer
program, beam reinforcement, column reinforcement, slab reinforcement, pool walls
reinforcement, and shear wall reinforcement. For lower structure design consists of
bearing capacity calculation, pile cap dimension design, and pile cap reinforcement.
Based on the upper structure calculation results can be concluded:
Beam designs with a safety factor of 1.02 - 7.45 it is obtained the beam dimensions
for spans of 3.5 m to 8.4 m is 50 x 70 cm (B1), 3.2 m to 5.4 m is 40 x 50 cm (B2), 8.6
m to 9.5 m is 55 x 80 cm (B3), 9.9 m to 10 m is 65 x 85 cm (B4), 11 m is 70 x 95 cm
(B5), 11.6 m 70 x 100 cm (B6 voute), 1 m to 4.7 m is 25 x 30 cm (BA1), and 5 m is
30 x 45 cm (BA2). For cantilever beams, the dimensions of beams for spans of 1 m
to 4.05 m is 50 x 70 cm (BK1) and for 4 m is 40 x 50 cm (BAK1). For beams in pools,
the dimensions of beams for spans of 4 m to 8.3 m is 50 x 70 cm (BR1), 3.5 m to 7.2
m is 40 x 60 cm (BR2), 4.2 m to 4.6 m is 30 x 45 cm (BR3), 9 m is 50 x 75 cm (BR4),
 6 m to 10 m is 60 x 85 cm (BR5), 11 m is 65 x 95 cm (BR6), 11.6 m is 70 x 100 cm
(BR7 Voute), 1.2 m to 4.7 m is 25 x 30 cm (BRA1), and 4.9 m to 5 m is 30 x 40 cm
(BRA2). Reinforcement of beams is used D22 for main reinforcement and D13 for
shear and torsion reinforcement
The column design it is obtained that the dimensions of columns are 140 x 140 cm
(C1), 105 x 105 cm (C2), 75 x 95 cm (C3), 50 x 50 cm (C4), and a diameter of 100
cm (CL). Reinforcements in C1 and C2 columns used D57, in C3 column used D32,
and in C4 and CL columns used D22 for longitudinal reinforcement and D13 for
transversal reinforcement
Slab design with the safety factor of 1.01-1.44 it is obtained that the slab dimension
for 1-21 floors, rooftop, and pool floors are 125 mm thick and for the ground floor is
150 mm thick. The main support and field reinforcement are used reinforcement D13
and D10 on the 11-21 floor, D10 on the rooftop and M / C Room Top, and D13 on
the pool floor.
Pool walls design it is obtained that the dimension of pool walls is 2 m height and 120
mm thick. Pool walls reinforcement is using D13-150 for main reinforcement and
D13-400 for shrinkage and temperature reinforcement
Shear walls design it is obtained that the dimensions of the shear wall are 300 mm
thick. Reinforcement of shear walls using reinforcement D19 for main reinforcement
and D13 for shear and boundary reinforcement.
Based on the lower structure calculation results can be concluded:
The foundation design is to use a pile foundation using a spun pile with a diameter of
800 mm and a length of 42 m
There are 9 type of pile caps those are 2 piles with dimensions of 4.4 x 2.4 x 1.0 m
(PC-1), 8 piles with dimensions of 8.4 x 4.4 x 1.0 m (PC-2), 9 piles with dimensions
of 6.4 x 6.4 x 1.0 m (PC-3), 12 piles with dimensions of 8.4 x 6.4 x 1.0 m (PC-4), 16
piles with dimensions of 8.4 x 8.4 x 1.0 m (PC-5), 20 piles with dimensions of 10.4 x
8.4 x 1.0 m (PC-6), 24 piles with dimensions of 12.8 x 8.4 x 1.2 m (PC-7), 28 piles
with dimensions of 19.2 x 10.8 x 1.7 m (PC-8), dan 40 piles with dimensions of 22.0
x 13.6 x 2.2 m (PC-SW). reinforcement of pile cap with safety factor 1.04 - 1.36 for
reinforcement of x and y-direction on PC-1 used reinforcement D19, on PC-2 used
reinforcement D32 and D22, on PC-3 and PC-4 used D32 and D25, on PC-5 until PC-
7 is used D36, on PC-8 and PC-SW are used D57 and D36.

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