Project

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

AT
KALANKI,KATHMANDU NEPAL
 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN REPORT
August, 2017
A. GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This report has been prepared as a part of the structural engineering analysis and

design of the commercial building to be built at Lalitpur Metropolitan city as

partial requirement of application for permit to construct building. This Report
describes in brief the Structural Aspects and Design Report of the proposed
building. The analysis and design have been carried out using a finite element
software ETABS 2016. It provides the Structural Engineer with all the tools
necessary to create, modify, analyze, design, and optimize the structural elements
in a building model. The structure design is intended to be based primarily on the
current National Building Code of Practice of India taking account of relevant
British Codes for the provisions not covered in this and is generally in
conformance with NBC of Nepal.

1.2 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR THE BUILDINGS

The structural system chosen is Moment Resisting RCC Frames. Columns and
beams have been laid out in plan in coordination with architectural and services
planning that acts jointly support and transmit to the ground those forces arising
from earthquake motions, gravity and live load. Its role becomes increasingly
important with the increase in building height. Thus, the vital criteria for structural
systems are an adequate reserve of strength against failure, adequate lateral
stiffness, and an efficient performance during the service life of the building. The
determination of the structural forms of a building involves the selection and
arrangement of the major structural elements to resist most efficiently the various
combinations of gravity and horizontal loadings. The choice of structural form is
strongly influenced by the internal planning, the material and method of
construction, the external architectural treatment, the location and routing of
service systems, the nature and magnitude of the horizontal loading, and the height
and proportion of the building. The structural system of the present building
consists of a RC structure.
1.3 STRUCTURAL MODELING
A three-dimensional mathematical model of the physical structure should be used
that represents the spatial distribution of the mass and stiffness of the structure to
an extent that is adequate for the calculation of the significant features of its
dynamic response. Thus, the essential requirements for the analytical model are the
inclusion of sufficient details of geometry, material, loading and support such that
it reflects the near-true behavior of the physical structure. For the structural
modeling of the present building ETABS 2016 software was used. ETABS 2016 is
a general purpose structural analysis and design program with applications
primarily in the building industry commercial buildings, bridges and highway
structures, industrial structures, chemical plant structures, dams, retaining walls,
turbine foundations, culverts and other embedded structures, etc.
1.4 MATERIAL
Grade of Concrete and Cover to the Reinforcement is provided according to the
provisions of the Indian Code. The appropriate grade of concrete and nominal
cover to reinforcement is governed by the following main considerations:

i) Durability of Concrete incl. Fire resistance

rating ii) Corrosion Protection of the
Reinforcement iii) Bar Size

iv) Nominal maximum aggregate size

The following concrete grades shall be used for “normal” conditions:
a) The grade of concrete for structural elements in the building are,
Foundation: M20
Column: M20
Beam and slab: M20
b) All reinforcing steel to be used in the structural elements shall have a yield
stress of 415 MPa, (Thermo-Mechanically Treated bars), conforming to
IS:1786-1985.
It is to be noted that the column and beam junction should be casted with
concrete of M20 up to the area of 2 times the depth of beam in both
directions during the casting of beam/slab.

1.5 COVER TO REINFORCEMENTS:

Clear cover to the main reinforcement in the various structural elements shall be as
follows:

a) Footings (Bottom) 50 mm
Footings (Top and Sides) 50 mm
b) Columns 40 mm

c) Pedestals 40 mm
d) Beams 25 mm or bar dia whichever is greater
e) Slabs 20 mm or bar dia whichever is greater
f) Stairs (waist slab/folded) 20 mm
1.6 REFERENCE CODES:
The RCC design shall be based on Nepal National Building code in reference with
IS: 456-2000- Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete, following Limit
state philosophy.
Other codes of practice to be referred to are as follows:
1. IS 875-1987 Part (I to IV) code of practice for design loads (Other than
Earthquake) for buildings and structures.
2. IS 1893-2001 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Construction of Buildings.
3. IS 13920-1993 Ductile Detailing of Criteria Reinforced Concrete Structures
subjected to Seismic Force.
4. IS 4326- 1993 Earthquake Resistant construction of buildings.
5. IS: 1084-1985 Design and construction of shallow foundations in soils
(other than Raft, Ring & Shell)
6. IS: 1904-1986 Design and construction of foundations in soils General
Requirements.
7. IS: 2950-1981 Design and construction of Raft foundations 8. IS: 8009-1976
Calculation of settlement of shallow foundation

9. IS 3370- Part I, II, III, IV for water retaining structures.

10. IS:1905 Code of practice for Structural use of masonry
11. SP 20 Explanatory Hand book on Masonry code.
12. SP 22 (S&T) 1982 – Explanatory Handbook on codes for Earthquake.
13. SP 24 Explanatory hand book on IS 456
14. SP 34 (S&T) Hand book on concrete reinforcement and detailing.
15. SP 16 Handbook on Design Aids for Reinforced concrete to IS 456-1978.
16. Nepal National Building code 1994

The structural analysis and design was carried out using relevant Nepalese code in
refrence to Indian Codes of Practice. The earthquake loading was carried out using
Nepal building code. The structural design of foundation, column, beam and slab
was based on IS456. Also, the system has been designed to meet the ductility
requirements of IS 13920:1993.
2. LOAD CALCULATIONS
2.1 GRAVITY LOAD
Gravity loading is primarily due to the self-weight of the structure, superimposed
dead load and occupancy of the building. Following loads have been considered for
the analysis and design of the building based on the relevant Nepalese as well as
Indian Standards.
2.1.1 Dead Load
The Dead load on the frame is calculated floor wise and it comprises of Beams,
Slabs, Stairs, Foundation, Partition wall, Floor finishes etc.
The following densities of materials have been assumed:
Concrete: 25kN/m3
Brick Masonry: 19.2 kN/m3
Mortar Screed: 0.21kN/m2
Marble of 1inch: 0.68kN/m2
½ inch Plaster: 0.225kN/m2
Partition load: 1.5 kN/m2
2.1.2 Live Load
The Live Load for building has been adopted.
The following values have been adopted:

For floors etc.: 2 kN/m2

For balconies: same as adjoining occupancy
For stair:3 kN/m2
2.2 Wind Loads:
Wind and seismic loads shall not be taken to act simultaneously.

As seismic load is expected to govern wind load has not been considered in design.
2.3 Soft Storey:

A soft storey can be detected by comparing the stiffness of adjacent storeys.

Soft storeys are not present in buildings.

There is no soft storey in the proposed building since no storey level has change in
mass and stiffness in considerate amount.
B) Load Combinations:
The load combination has been taken as per Nepal National Building code. The
load combinations used in ETABS analysis are listed below:

1.5(DL+LL)
(DL+1.3LL+1.25EQX)
(DL+1.3LL-1.25EQX)
(DL+1.3LL+1.25EQY)
(DL+1.3LL-1.25EQY)
(DL+1.25EQX)
(DL-1.25EQX)
(DL+1.25EQY)
(DL-1.25EQY)
(0.9DL+1.25EQX)
(0.9DL-1.25EQX)
(0.9DL+1.25EQY)
(0.9DL-1.25EQY)

C) Analysis Procedure
Space frame analysis using ETABS 2016 software has been undertaken to obtain
refined results for all load combinations in accordance with Nepal Building code.

D) Design Procedure
The RCC design shall be based on Nepal building code in reference to IS: 4562000
Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete, following Limit state
philosophy. Structural design for typical members has been done for the
combination of loads that produces maximum stress in the structural elements, and
in turn requires maximum reinforcing steel provisions.
 The design of Columns and Beams is done directly using ETABS 2016
design software. The design of Slab, staircase is done by in house developed
Worksheets in Excel. The size of columns and beams are provided as per
requirement.

Slab thickness = 125 mm

Column Size = 300mm X 300mm
Foundation required = Isolated Footing

Beam Size = 350mm X 230mm

Soil Bearing capacity = 150 kN/m2 ( Assumed )

E) DEFLECTION AND STORY DRIFT

The story drift in any story due to the minimum specified design lateral force, with
partial load factor of 1.0 shall not exceed 0.004 times the story height.

Building height = 11.98 m

Permissible deflection = 0.4% of 11.98 m
= 47.92 mm

The maximum deflection in the model is 16.5 mm which is within permissible

limit.

The maximum drift is 0.001903 ,which is also withi allowable limit.

F) CONTROL OF CRACKING
In order to avoid excessive cracking in the flexural members, maximum diameter
and spacing of the reinforcement is restricted as per the detailing rules indicated in
clause 26.0 IS:456-2000.

For overall detail please refer structural drawings.

G) 3 D FRAME :
Elevation At grid G
Elevation At grid 1
Top view (at First floor)
Floor Finish load on shell

LLR on shell (Reduced live load)

Brick wall (Dead) load on frames
ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Column Section Design
 Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)
Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story3 C3 89 12x12 DL+LL 2642.4 2997.2 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304.8 304.8 58 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
23.2612 0.7455 5.5954 0.4652 0.4652 743 0.8

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.769263 2642.4 -2.5063 0 0.4652
Minor Bend(M2) 0.635356 2642.4 0.36 0 0.4652

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 4.4888 37.239 30.0894 23.2072 337.85
Minor, Vu3 0.3648 37.239 30.0894 52.9521 337.85

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.1) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

 Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
929 7.4 1114.8365 303.8818 23.2612 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.882 304.8 6.669 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.882 304.8 5.508 12 No 0

Notes:

N/A: Not Applicable

N/C: Not Calculated

N/N: Not Needed

ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story1 B6 23 9x14 DL+1.3LL-1.25EQX 152.4 3962.4 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
228.6 355.6 228.6 0 25 25

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-25.796 0.1735 28.5779 0.2076

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

 Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-25.796 0.2608 0 -26.0567

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -26.0567 189 0 189 174
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 95 0 0 95

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
39.8709 27.2233 30.2301 19.1875 253.39

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
0.1735 28.5779 198.6 325.6 220.34

DESIGN OF SLAB
Short Span, lx (m) = 3.6
Long Span,ly(m) = 4.36
ly/lx 1.211 Two Adjacent Edges Discontinuous
CASE AS PER IS 456:2000 Case No. 4
GRADE OF CONC. N/sq mm 20
GRADE OF STEEL N/sq mm 415
COVER OF MAIN R/F (mm) 20
SLAB THICKNESS (mm) 125
Effective Depth 105
COMPUTATION OF LOADING
SELF WEIGHT OF SLABT/SQ M 0.3125
T/SQ M 0.12
WPC+ FLOOR FINISH
0
FILL LOAD 0.2
LIVE LOAD 0.633
T/SQ M
T/SQ M
TOTAL (DL+LL)T/SQ M
Factored Load(DL+LL) 0.949 T/SQ M
Coefficient Moment pt % Ast req. (sq.mm)
(KN.m)
- ve short span ( su pport) 0.060 7.429 0.195 204
+ ve short span (mid span ) 0.045 5.584 0.145 152
- ve long span( su pport) 0.047 5.779 0.150 157
+ ve long span( long span) 0.035 4.304 0.120 126

Provided reinforcement - span position dia. spacing Ast prov.

mm mm c/c sq.mm

Short Span support 8 150 335 midspan335

Long Span 8 150
8 150 support335
midspan 8
150 335

MIN REINFORCEMENT = 0.12% = 150 SQ MM IN EITHER DIRECTION

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

AST REQD.= 204

AST PROD.= 335
fs= 146.7019
PT% 0.319274
FROM FIG. 4 ( IS456-2000), WE OBTAIN
M.F.= 2
d (REQD.)= 69
D (REQD.)= 93 < 125
OK

DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING

Now calculation of reinforcement

Mu= (0.87*fy*Ast*d* (1
(Ast/(bd))*(fy/fck ))

Area of steel 517.55

21169.19413
Now final area of steel 517.55

Spacing of bars required 327.7848808

150 mm
Diameter (mm) 12

Adopted Total depth 350 mm

Length and breadth of Footing 1.5 m
Adopted Bars 12 @ 150