Shahjalal University of Science and Technology

Assignment
On
Renewable Energy & Resources

Submitted to
Dr Abu Yousuf
Professor
Dept. of Chemical Engineering & Polymer Science (CEP)
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology

Submitted by
Mohammad Yousuff Hosan Chowdhury (CEP M/1)
Md. Fazlul Karim (CEP M/1)
Session: 2018-2019
Dept. of Chemical Engineering & Polymer Science (CEP)
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology
 Solar Thermal Power Plant
Introduction
The maiden application of solar energy was the solar thermal power systems. At
the beginning of the eighteenth century, melting of iron, copper, and other metals
was performed by using solar furnaces and it was constructed of polished iron,
glass lenses, and mirrors. During that period furnace was very popular and used
mainly in Europe and the Middle East. Using the latest technology the solar
furnace was built by the well-known French chemist Lavoisier in 1774, various
concentrators built by the French naturalist Bouffon (1747–1748), and a steam-
powered printing press exhibited at the Paris Exposition by Mouchot in 1872.
Concept of heat engine was developed by the application utilized a concentrating
collector for supplying steam to a heat engine.
Working Principle and Concentrating Solar Thermal
Solar thermal power generation is the basic principle of generating electricity by
absorbing and concentrating sunlight for producing the high temperature heat
needed for electricity generation. Every solar thermal electricity system has a solar
collector. Solar energy collector has two main components: mirrors capturing and
concentrating sunlight on a receiver. A heat transfer fluid is heated and circulated
in the receiver in most types of systems, and used for steam production. Basically,
steam is converted into the mechanical energy in the turbine, which allows the
generator to produce electricity. Tracking system is one of the critical parts of
solar thermal power system which is helping to keep sunlight centered on the
receiver all day long as the location of the sun changes in the sky.
Each and every solar thermal power system has a system for storing thermal
energy. During the day time solar collector absorb the heat and store the energy
into storage system. In absence of sunlight, the power from the storage facility is
used for producing electricity. Additionally, a hybrid system is incorporated into
the solar thermal power plants which are used for other fuels (usually natural gas)
to offset sun energy during low solar radiations.
Concentrated Solar Collectors was the first solar technology among the solar
thermal power technology which demonstrated it’s potentially for the grid power.
Solar thermal power plants, capacity of 354 MWe have been continuously
operating in California since 1985. Application of advanced technology for
developing the solar thermal power was very slow initially due to poor policies and
finance. Finance was the main obstacle for the robust research and development. A
visible interest has been shown last 5 years for developing this area considering the
profit against the investment. Lots of solar thermal power plants are being
constructed all over the world, and few are under the operation. Power production
cost from these plants (which is in the range of $0.12–$0.16/kWh until now) has
the potential to go down to $0.05/kWh with scale-up and mass market creation.
The major advantage of solar thermal power is the efficient storage of thermal
energy and the use of hybrid system to ensure continuous operation.
Renewable energy (Solar Power) systems have the most significant benefit of
reducing environmental pollution. This is done by reducing carbon pollution
through the replacement of energy and fossil fuels. Public health, agriculture and
ecosystem are being less affected for generating the power via solar thermal power
technology compare to the traditional power generation system. Monetary value of
environmental impact on tradable items such as agriculture items is very nominal
for operating the solar thermal power plant. Moreover, monetary value of
environmental impact on non-tradable items such as human health and ecosystems
is slightly higher. Monetary value of environmental impact and social pollution
mostly depends on the geographic location and rate of emissions. It has an adverse
effect on climate change finally global warming. For building the solar thermal
power plant six system architectures are normally used. High-temperature collector
systems are parabolic trough system, Fresnel linear reflector, power tower system
and dish system. Rest two is the solar pond and the solar updraft tower which are
systems of low temperatures. Among all the system, only Fresnel linear reflector
system has been reached to the industry success and others are developing stage.
Types of concentrating solar thermal power plant
The main types of concentrating solar thermal power systems are given below:
 Linear concentrating systems
 Parabolic troughs
 Linear Fresnel reflectors
 Solar power towers
 Solar dish/engine systems
Another type of solar thermal plant is
 Enclosed parabolic trough systems
Linear concentrating systems
Linear concentrated solar power (CSP) collectors absorb the energy of the sun with
large mirrors reflecting and focusing the sunlight on a linear receiver tube The
receiver contains a fluid that is heated by sunlight and then used to heat a
traditional power cycle that rotates a turbine that drives a generator to produce
electricity. Alternatively, steam can be generated directly in the solar field,
eliminating the need for expensive heat exchangers. Mainly, the Linear
Concentrating Collector Fields consist of a large number of parallel row collectors,
usually oriented in the north-south direction to optimize the annual and summer
energy output. With a single-axis sun-tracking system, this configuration allows
the mirrors to track the sun during the day from east to west, ensuring that the sun
continually reflects onto the receiver tubes. The thermal storage may be integrated
in linear systems. The collector area in these systems is expanded to heat up a
storage system during the day so that the extra steam it produces can be used to
generate electricity in the evening or during cloudy weather. Such plants can also
be built as hybrids, meaning that during periods of low solar radiation they use
fossil fuel to boost the solar output. A natural gas-fired heater or gas-steam boiler /
heater is used in such a design. Development is going on; there is a possibility to
integrate the linear system with traditional natural-gas- and coal-fired combined-
cycle plants. As such, it will increase the overall efficiency of the plant. Such kind
of integrated plant are feasible for installation in non-fertile ground, such as
deserts, hence big area is required for Concentrated Solar Thermal Power plant.
The amount of energy received per square kilometer of desert area is equivalent to
1.5 million barrel of oil as per the record of Trans-Mediterranean Renewable
Energy Corporation (TREN). As per preliminary estimation, if we install CSP
plant at 65000 km2 desert area, the amount of electricity produce from the plant
will be equivalent to the world total electricity consumption in the year of 2000.
Another estimation shown that if we take One fifth portion of the above mentioned
desert the amount of produce electricity will be equivalent to the European Union's
total electricity requirement.
Parabolic troughs
Parabolic trough collectors are the most mature solar technologies used to generate
heat for solar thermal electricity generation or process heat applications at
temperatures up to 400 ° C. The most typical US CSP system is a linear
concentrator that uses collectors for parabolic troughs. In such a system the
receiver tube is located along each parabola-shaped reflector's focal line. The tube
is attached to the mirror structure and the heat transfer fluid flows through and out
of the solar mirror field to where it is used to produce steam (or is sent directly to
the turbine in the case of a water / steam receiver). Due to its parabolic form, a
trough will concentrate the sunlight from 30 to 100 times its usual intensity
(concentration ratio) on the receiver shaft, positioned along the trough's focal line,
reaching operating temperatures above 750 ° F.

Figure: Parabolic trough solar thermal power plant

One of the largest and longest operating solar thermal power plants in the world,
the Solar Energy Generating System (SEGS), is still used for parabolic trough
linear concentrating systems. The facility has nine separate plants located in
various locations in California's Mojave Desert. The first SEGS I plant was
operated between 1984 and 2015, while the second, SEGS II, was operated from
1985 to 2015. The last SEGS IX plant was constructed and commissioned in 1990
with a generating capacity of 92 megawatts (MW) of electricity. The seven
currently running parallel and combined electricity-generating capacity of nearly
357 MW, establish one of the world's largest solar thermal power plants. Parabolic
trough technology has proven to be robust, reliable and proven. They are
sophisticated optical instruments, and today, the parabolic troughs of the second
generation have a more accurate mirror curvature and alignment which allows
them to be more efficient than the first plants erected in California. Other
improvements include the use of a small mirror on the recipient's rear to capture
and reflect any scattered sunlight back onto the receiver, direct steam generation in
the receiver tube to simplify energy conversion and reduce heat loss, and the use of
more advanced materials for the receiver's reflectors and selective coatings.
Particularly, research and development, which aims to reduce the cost in half in the
coming years, includes:
 Highly reflective mirror.
 Applied latest technology of sun-tracking.
 Selective Receiver Coatings has been improved with a higher absorption and
lower emission properties. .
 Advanced technology is using for mirror cleaning.
 This is one of the best heat transfer techniques by adopting direct steam
generation optimizing the (Integrated solar combined cycle system (ISCCS)
designs to allow maximum solar input) Design of trough system designs
which is one of the best combination of low initial cost and low
maintenance.

Advanced technology has been used for developing the thermal storage options
which allow nighttime dispatch of solar-only trough plants.

Linear Fresnel Reflectors (LFR)

There are two types of Fresnel collectors: Fresnel lens collector (FLC) and Linear
Fresnel reflector (LFR). The former is made of plastic material and is shaped in
the manner shown to focus the solar rays to a point receiver, while the latter
relies on a set of linear mirror strips focusing light on a linear receiver . Linear
Fresnel reflector (LFR) systems are primarily similar to parabolic trough systems,
because mirrors (reflectors) concentrate sunlight on a receiver above the mirrors.
These reflectors use the Fresnel lens effect which allows for a focused mirror with
a large aperture and a short focal length. These systems can concentrate the sun's
energy to 30 times its usual power. In the United States, the only linear Fresnel
reflector operating system is a compact linear Fresnel reflector (CLFR), also
known as a linear Fresnel reflector, a type of LFR technology with multiple
absorbers in the vicinity of the mirrors. Numerous receivers require the mirrors to
adjust their tilt to reduce the amount of adjacent reflectors blocking access to
sunlight. This positioning improves computer efficiency, and reduces resource
requirements and costs. One concern with the LFR method is that preventing
filtration and blocking between neighboring reflectors leads to a greater gap
between reflectors. Without increasing the height of the absorber towers, blocking
can be minimized but this raises costs. Fresnel 's compact linear reflector (CLFR)
technology has recently been developed at the University of Sydney, Australia.
The classical LFR system has only one receiver, and there is no choice as to the
direction and orientation of a given reflector. The design minimizes beam
interference by neighboring reflectors and enables the use of high densities of the
reflector and low tower heights. Close spacing of reflectors limits land use but this
is not a serious issue in many situations, as in deserts. Avoiding broad reflector
spacing and tower heights is also a major cost problem when considering ground
preparation costs, array substructure costs, tower building costs, steam line thermal
loss costs and steam line costs. For mount the equipment in an environment with
limited land availability, such as in urban areas or next to existing power plants,
high ground coverage range would result in maximum system output for a given
area.

Figure: Linear Fresnel reflectors

Solar power towers
A solar power tower network uses a wide field of flat, sun tracking mirrors called
heliostats to capture and concentrate sunlight on top of a receiver tower. One can
concentrate as much as 1,500 times the sunlight. Some power towers utilize water
as the heat transfer fluid. Due to its superior heat transfer and energy storage
capabilities, innovative designs experiment with molten nitrate salt. Thermal
energy storage capability enables the device to produce electricity during rainy
weather or at night.
A central receiver network consists of five main components: heliostats and their
tracking system; receiver; heat transfer and exchange; thermal storage; and
controls. For several solar power studies it has been found that the collector
constitutes the greatest expense in the system; therefore, an effective engine is
justified in achieving the full useful conversion of the collected energy. The power
tower plants are very massive, typically 10 MWe or more, while the optimal sizes
are between 50 and 400 MW.
The salt's heat energy is used for producing steam in a conventional steam
generator, located at the foot of the tower. The molten salt storage device
effectively preserves heat, so that it can be stored for hours or even days before the
generation of electricity. The heliostats reflect solar radiation to the receiver at the
desired flux density at minimal expense. A variety of recipient shapes were
considered like cylindrical receivers and cavity receivers. Optimum shape of the
receiver is a function of the heliostat field being received and absorbed by
radiation, thermal loss, cost and design. A cylindrical receiver is ideally suited for
a large heliostat region to be used with Rankine cycle engines. Another alternative
is to use Brayton cycle turbines that need higher temperatures (about 1000 C) to
operate; in this case, more suitable are cavity receivers with higher height to
heliostat field area ratios. The air to be heated shall pass through a pressurized
receiver for gas turbine operation using a solar panel. Combined-cycle power
plants using this method would need an area of 30% below the corresponding
steam cycles. Within a European research project, a first prototype of this system
was designed, and three receiver units were coupled and tested with a 250-kW gas
turbine. Simplicity and scalability are the advantages of this technology, the ability
to include thermal storage, low thermal capacity (quick start-up), and high
efficiency potential due to high achievable temperatures. A thermal storage unit is
installed into the air cycle by means of which the operation of the power plant may
be maintained at constant power for a certain period of time, depending on the
storage capacity. Typically, this thermal storage can be built with infinite capacity,
thereby ensuring the power plant continually operates. It is used as a buffer that
stores energy in high-irradiation periods and enables the plant to operate after
sunset or during rainy weather.

Figure: Solar power tower

Solar dish/engines
Solar dish / engine systems use an similar mirror-like satellite dish to a very large
one. The mirrored dish typically consists of several smaller flat mirrors designed to
minimize costs. The dish-shaped surface guides and focuses sunlight onto a
thermal receiver that absorbs and stores the heat and transfers it to an engine
generator. Mostly Stirling engine is used as a solar dish / air heat engine. This
system uses the fluid heated from the receiver to transfer pistons and to produce
mechanical power. To generate electricity a generator or alternator is powered by
the mechanical power. Solar platter / engine systems also point the sun straight and
concentrate the solar energy at the focal point of the platter. A solar dish's
concentration ratio is much higher than linear concentration systems, and it has a
working fluid temperature of over 1.380 ° F. The power generation equipment used
for a solar dish can be mounted at the focal point of the platter, making it suitable
for remote areas, or at a central point the energy can be gathered from a number of
installations and converted into electricity. The dish systems typically achieve
higher efficiencies than the parabolic trough system due to the higher concentration
rates and are best suited for stand-alone, small power generation systems; however,
other dish systems may be used for higher performance.

Figure: Solar dish/engines

Current technologies in the USA and Europe are based on 10 kWe remote
application systems. At Plataforma Solar de Almeria in Spain three dish-Stirling
systems are being demonstrated. A cost-effective 10 kW dish-Stirling engine for
decentralized electric power generation was developed within the European project
EURODISH by a European consortium with industry and academic partners.
Systems at the focal point of each dish which employ small generators provide
energy in the form of electricity rather than heated fluid. The packet for power
conversion includes both the heat receiver and the heat motor. The thermal receiver
receives focussed beams of solar energy, transforms it into electricity, and transfers
power to the heat engine. A thermal receiver may be a tube bank from which a
refrigerant fluid circulates. Hydrogen or helium is the heat transfer medium usually
used as a motor work fluid. Alternate thermal receivers are heat pipes where the
heat is transferred to the engine by heating an intermediate fluid and condensing it.
Enclosed parabolic trough systems
The construction of the enclosed trough encapsulates the solar thermal network
within a greenhouse-like glasshouse. The glasshouse provides a protected
environment to withstand the elements which can reduce the solar thermal system's
reliability and performance.
Inside the glasshouse are hung lightweight, curved, solar-reflective mirrors. A
single-axis monitoring device positions the mirrors to track the sun and focuses the
light on a network of stationary steel pipes that are suspended from the glasshouse
frame as well. Steam is generated directly from oil field-quality water as water
flows through the length of the pipes, without heat exchangers or intermediate
working fluid.
The produced steam is then fed directly into the field 's established vapor
distribution network, where the steam is continuously pumped deep into the oil
reservoir. The sheltering of the mirrors from the wind allows them to reach higher
temperatures and prevents the build-up of dust due to exposure to humidity.
GlassPoint Solar, the company that developed the Enclosed Trough concept,
estimates that its technology can produce heat to EOR in sunny regions for about
$5 per million of British thermal units, compared to $10 to $12 for other
conventional solar thermal technologies.
At the Miraah solar plant in Oman, effectively enclosed drills are being used.
 Figure: Enclosed parabolic trough systems

Advantages of Solar Thermal Energy

 No Fuel Cost – For the Solar Thermal power plant to operate and generate
electricity, no fuel is needed like other renewable energy sources. The cost
of fuel makes a difference and adds value over other fossil fuels whose
prices are unpredictable and which change rapidly every year. Electricity
prices are increasingly high, depending on the operating costs of the fossil
fuel. These days, price shocks are a big risk with fossil fuel energy because
of high fuel costs. If it is generated from solar thermal power plants, there is
very less possibility of price hiking.

 Predictable, 24/7 Power - Solar thermal energy produces electricity

seamlessly, 24 hours a day. This is made possible because solar thermal
power stations produce energy in the form of molten salts etc. Some
renewable energy sources are intermittent, such as solar photovoltaics and
wind power. The electricity supply to the solar power plant is much more
uninterruptible, uniform and reliable.
 No Pollution and Global Warming Effects – The use of renewable energy
(electricity from solar thermal power plants) does not contain carbon dioxide
or any other greenhouse emissions that lead to global warming. Also the use
of biomass fuels does not contribute to global warming, because the carbon
dioxide released when biomass is burned is equal to the amount plants
absorb from the atmosphere as it is extracted for biomass fuel. Reduction of
green house gas emissions (mainly CO2 and NOx) and greenhouse gas
(SO2, particulate matter) emissions using Solar Thermal Energy which is
one of the biggest advantages. Remember that the cost of the equipment
used to install and transport solar thermal energy equipment is correlated
with that.
  Using Existing Industrial Base – There is no need to change industrial
technology for the construction of the Solar Thermal Power Plant. Solar
Thermal Energy uses low cost, large-scale, equipment such as solar thermal
mirrors and turbines produced by the existing industrial base and requires no
significant changes in equipment and materials unlike new technology such
as CIG panels.

Disadvantages of Solar Thermal Energy

 High Costs – Solar thermal power has cost at least EUR 3.5 / watt and has
not declined excessively in the last 3-4 years. Nonetheless, these costs are
too high, as Solar PV already costs EUR 2.5 per watt and only reduces its
costs conservatively by 5 percent over the next 10 years , making it half the
cost of Solar Thermal Technology by 2020.

 Future Technology-- Has a high possibility of making CSP Obsolete –

Solar Energy is a hotbed of innovation with regular reports of some new PV
development material and process breakthroughs. Oerlikon has emerged
with a radial new a-Si system, while the CIG player demands better
efficiencies. Chinese Solar Companies have captured huge chunks of the
Solar Market through low cost leadership while the number of Global
Heavyweights like Posco, Samsung, Hyundai, Sharp, GE, TSMC promises
to further reduce these costs.
 Water Issue – Solar thermal plants require lots of water, which in desert
areas is a major problem. Use non-water refrigeration increases the cost of
CSP programs too much. While it has been suggested to use Sea Water, it
remains to be seen if this approach can be applied as this would require the
development of plants very close to the coastline.

 Ecological and Cultural Issues – The use of Massive Mirror Arrays is

noted to have a heavy impact on the endangered species endangering Desert
Wildlife. California has already witnessed a massive struggle on this issue
with Project Developers curtailing their plant size and spending money
moving the wildlife.

 Limited Locations and Size Limitations –– Solar thermal power can only
be installed in heavily radiated areas. These can also be constructed in
 deserts, which need a wide area of land. Which means they can not be built
in inhabited areas. Solar thermal energy can also be installed only in large
sizes with a capacity of at least 50 MW to make it economical. It compares
to Solar PV which is priced in sizes as low as 5 Watts.

 Long Gestation Time Leading to Cost Overruns – A concentrated solar

thermal power plant will easily take 5-7 years to develop the Gestation
Period for planning, financing, drilling, etc. For a small wind farm or 3
months for a Solar PV plant, equate this to 6 months.

 Financing – Financing is the biggest problem in this industry when

designing projects particularly for small solar thermal developers.

Further Development
Thermal chimneys are passive solar ventilation systems which implies non-
mechanical ventilation. Examples of mechanical ventilation include whole-house
ventilation, which uses ventilators and ducts to exhaust stale air and supply fresh
air. Through the principles of convective cooling, thermal chimneys allow cool air
to flow in while forcing hot air outward. Designed based on the fact that hot air
rises, they minimize unnecessary heat during daytime and swap (warm) interior air
for (cool) exterior air.
Typically, thermal chimneys are made from a black, hollow thermal mass with an
opening at the top to exhaust hot air. Inlet openings are smaller than exhaust outlets
and are inserted in a room at low to medium height. As hot air rises, it escapes
either to the outside or into an open stairwell or atria through the outside exhaust
outlet. As this occurs an updraft brings through the inlets cool air in.
Faced with global warming, increased fuel costs and ever-increasing energy
demand, energy needs are expected to rise by almost the equivalent of 335 million
barrels of oil per day, mostly for electricity. One of the great things about solar
thermal capacity, whether big or small, on or off the grid, is that it exists right now,
no waiting. Through combining solar energy with reflective materials and turning
it into electricity, modern solar thermal power plants can be capable of supplying
electricity to more than 100 million people in the next 20 years, if implemented
today as an indispensable part of energy generation. They all come from one great
renewable resource: the sun.

Challenges Faced by Solar Thermal Power

Concentrated solar power (CSP) or solar thermal power represents an alternative
method of producing solar energy to the common PV panels. This uses high
powered lenses and mirrors to concentrate sunlight on a medium like water
carrying heat and turn it into steam. The steam is then used to power electric-
generating turbines. Solar thermal power is a less common but equally useful
method for generating solar power which is particularly useful for powering
commercial and industrial installations. Nevertheless, the fact that solar thermal
power does not match up well with traditional grids and methods for storing energy
makes it an uncommon choice for domestic consumers. Most of the countries that
lead the solar markets, such as China, the US and India, are using PV panels rather
than CSP. Spain has the world's maximum number of CSP power plants and they
have obviously combined a challenging method of generating energy with efficient
options for storing power. The challenges facing CSP are not over, however. Some
of the major challenges facing the CSP industry today are outlined below.
 Dependency on local partnerships- CSP needs the establishment of a
proper thermal power plant unlike PV panels which only require grid
connectivity and panel availability. Among other aspects this involves land,
water, manpower, resources and infrastructure. Solar companies must
depend on local suppliers for most of the raw materials which may not meet
the anticipated quality or service standards. Government approvals are
required for land use and the construction of power stations.
 Lack of experts in CSP- CSP is known as an underdog in the alternative
energy market. No attention has been paid to solar thermal power as solar
panels dominate the industry. Most of the technological advances that took
place in the photovoltaics field have occurred. There is therefore a shortage
of experts in CSP sector. Even if a firm wants to grow and expand its
activities, it will find skilled individuals and professionals hard to find.

 Requirement of high startup capital- As mentioned above CSP needs

much more infrastructure, raw materials and manpower than solar panels
installation. This means the overheads involved in CSP are significantly
 higher. Adding to this is the fact that CSP, like PV panels, can not be
mounted on a single level.

 Problems with natural gas- Hybridization is one of the key directions in

which CSP can lead. The dropping natural gas prices, however, present a
continuing threat to the popularity of CSP and solar power in general. Solar
power in general can not cope with natural gas prices according to experts.
Many customers have their wallets concerned. Natural gas offers a more
economical and environmentally friendly alternative. With CSP the only
way to go is through hybridization.

 Still in early stage- Given the latest developments in CSP energy storage
such as molten salt storage, the technology is still in its early stages and not
completely ready for commercial full scale deployment. In terms of use and
acceptance, CSP will still take about 10 years to reach where PV panels are
today.

Prospect in Bangladesh:
Power is the building block of modern society and a sustainable development
imperative. Global demand for energy will rise by 36 per cent between 2011 and
2030, with annual growth of 1.6 per cent including 88 per cent of fossil fuel.
Bangladesh is a developing country in Southeast Asia which is one of the lowest
energy-consuming countries per person. The power crisis has become a major
constraint to the continued economic growth of the country and the energy sector
of the country is facing serious challenges at the moment. Because of depleting
nature and a mono-fuel-dependent energy policy; seeking alternative energy
sources has become imperative for the country. In Bangladesh's context, this study
analyzed the existing energy mix, present energy crisis, and how these scenarios
can be overcome by using renewable energy sources such as biomass, solar, wind,
and small-scale hydro power.
Solar energy is now regarded as one of the most important renewable sources of
energy worldwide. Relative to other renewables it has the highest energy benefit
potential. About 3,400,000 exajoule (EJ) is approximately the annual solar
radiation on the earth's surface. In principle, usable solar energy insolation could
produce 1700TWof electricity, and it is estimated that 1 percent of this energy
would solve the current demand for power in the world today. It is also projected
that if the full potential is used, solar energy will produce 450 EJ electricity,
equivalent to 7500 times higher of the world's energy consumption. Solar energy is
generally used in lighting, heating, and most importantly; in generating electricity.
For example , solar energy harnessing technology will generate an estimated 100
MW of electricity when, for a given area of 2 km2, the annual average direct
normal insolation (DNI) is about 2000 kWh / m2. Bangladesh's average annual
DNI is about 1900 kWh / m2 which is found to be adequate for leveraging such
technology in the Rajshahi district. Even if such technology may have lagged
behind in producing the expected result, it is possible to implement CSP – battery
hybrid device to meet such short deficit. Among the major CSP technologies
developed in Bangladesh such as parabolic trough, parabolic dish, solar tower and
Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR); parabolic trough and parabolic dish are found to
be technically eco-friendly in Bangladesh, but significant investment from GOB
and other developing partners is needed to harness the full potential of such solar
power technology. Apart from this highly capital-intensive technology, which is
comparatively in the process of research and development, some of Bangladesh's
technologies have been found to have been vividly effective.
Bangladesh has a range of proposed photovoltaic solar utility farms: 200 MW of
Teknaf Solar Park, 50 MW of Sutiakhali, 32 MW of Sunamganj Solar Park and
Mymensingh Solar Park. The US company SunEdison was the sponsor of the 200
MW Teknaf project while the 50 MW Sutiakhali Solar Park is funded by the
Singapore-based companies Sinenergy Holdings, Ditrolic and local group IFDC
Solar. Edisun Power Point & Haor Bangla-Korea Green Energy Ltd, in
Sunamganj, is a 32 MW solar park plant.The power plant in Teknaf's Hnil has a
capacity to produce 28 megawatts (MW) and will supply 20 MW to the local
substation during sunlight hours.
The Bangladesh Power Development Board or BPDB had previously signed a 20-
year contract with owner of the site, Joules Power subsidiary Technaf Solartech
Energy Ltd or TSEL, for 20MW of power.
The solar power plant is the first step towards the government's goal of producing
2,000 MW of solar power by 2021.Solar photovoltaic cells use panels to capture
sunlight and directly transform it into electricity.
The plant emits 20,000 tons less of carbon dioxide each year than a similar diesel-
powered plant.
References
1) bdnews24.com/economy/2018/09/18/bangladeshs-largest-solar-power-plant-
begins-commercial-operations
2) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Bangladesh
3) science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-tech/energy-
production/solar-thermal-power4.htm
4) Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ltd, "Energy & Resources Predictions 2012", 2
November 2011
5) Helman, Christopher, "Oil from the sun", "Forbes", April 25, 2011
6) Goossens, Ehren, "Chevron Uses Solar-Thermal Steam to Extract Oil in
California", "Bloomberg", October 3, 2011
7) U.S Energy Information Administration www.eia.com
8) Green world investors www.greenworldinvestor.com
9) Phoenix Energy Blog USA www.phoenixenergygroup.com
10) Current energy scenario and future prospect of renewable energy in
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