Topic: Boiler

SUBMITTED BY Atta ur Rehman

ROLL NO: 15906
SUBMITTED TO: Engr. Syed Ejaz Haider
SUBJECT: Seminar-1
COURSE CODE: CHT-628
DATE: 12-01-2021

GOVT COLLEGE UNIVERSITY FAISALABAD

 Boiler
• A boiler is any closed vessel in which for
any purpose, steam is generated under
pressure
• that is greater than atmospheric pressure.
It includes any economizer used to heat to
the water fed to the boiler, any super
heater used for heating steam, and any
pipes and fitting connected to the
equipment.
 Types of Boiler
• 1. Steam / Water Circulation.
• a. Natural Circulation Boiler –
• b. Forced Multiple Circulation Boilers –
• 2. Steam / Water Circulation
• c. Once Though Boiler –
• d. Combined Circulation Boiler –
 Types of Boiler
• 2. Steam / Water Circulation
• c. Once Though Boiler –
• d. Combined Circulation Boiler –
• 3 Pressure:
• a. Low to medium pressure (< 10 Bar) –
• b. High pressure (10 – 14 Bar) –
• c. Super high pressure boilers ( > 17 Bar) –
• d. Supercritical pressure boilers (> 22.1 Bar) –
 Types of Boiler
• 4. Heat Source
• a. Solid Fuel Fired Boiler –
• b. Fuel Oil Fired Boiler –
• c. Gas Fired Boiler –
• d. Waste Heat Boiler -
 Types of Boiler
• 5. Tube Layout
• a. Fired Tube Boiler – Flue of hot gas is
flowing inside the tubes. Water is
contained inside the shell. Normally for
small capacity boilers.
• b. Water Tube Boiler – Water is flowing
inside the tubes. Flue or hot gas is flowing
inside the furnace or shell. Normally this is
for large capacity boilers.
 Types of Boiler
• 6. Boiler Layout.
a. Type A -
b. Type D -
c. Type O -
 Fluidized Bed Combustion
• A technology that is used for combustion of solid Fuels.

• Fluidization is the phenomenon by which solid particles are

transported into a fluid like state through suspension in a gas or
liquid.
• Flue particles are suspended in a mixture of ash and sand at high
temperature,.
• Jets of air are used to provide the combustion gas.
• This technology can be used for burning most types of coal and
woody biomass.
 Circulating Fluidized Bed(CFB)
• CFB is the most advanced technology in fluidized bed combustion.
• With new emphasis on cleaner burning, CFB technology provides the
least emission.
• In CFB solids are carried out of the bed with the gas making a lean
phase fluidized, this regime is used for operating CFB fast fluidized
bed is used to operate the pressure drop decreases dramatically in
stages.
• Air is provided and solid fuel is suspend in this jet of air.
• This is to ensure the gas and solids will mix together turbulently for
better heat transfer and chemical reactions.
 Feed Water & Evaporator System
• Feedwater system prepare feedwater for boiler.
• Condensate is fed into feedwater tank via condensate
transfer pumps
• Deareator is installed on the top of feedwater tank.
• Deareator and feedwater tank is preheated with low
pressure steam (6.5 barg)
• Temperature and pressure of feed water is inceased to
125 C and 1.6 barg.
• Suction line from tank supplies feedwater to feedwater
pumps.
• 1 emergency feedwater pump is also installed.
• Feed water is sent to steam drum via 3 finned tube
economizer bundles.
• Steam drum is reservoir of water/steam at the top end of
the water tubes walls.
• It stores the steam generated in the water tubes walls.
• Saturated steam is drawn off from the top of the drum
and enter the superheaters.
• The saturated water at the bottom of the steam drum
flows down through the downcommers pipe and attaches
the furnace walls.
• Evaporation is done inside the furnace walls via radiant
heat transfer.
• Saturated steam from steam drum enters SH-1 tube
bundles located above economizers bundles.
• An attemperator is installed at SH-1 outlet to cool down
the steam temperature.
• Steam is then entered into SH-2 Wing Walls installed at
the top of furnace.
• An attemperator is installed at SH-2 Wing Walls outlet to
cool down the steam temperature.
• Steam is then entered into SH-5 tube bundles and exit at
520 C.
• Live steam then goes to turbine for power generation.
 Air Flue Gas – Major Components
Primary air system
• Primary air fans
• Steam air preheater
• Primary air distribution
Secondary air system
• Secondary air fans
• secondary air distribution
Flue gas system
• ID fans
• Recirculation gas fan
High pressure air system
• HP air blowers
• HP air distribution
 Air Flue Gas – other Components
Other Equipments
• Air ducts
• Flue gas and recirculation gas ducts
• Bag filter
• Stack
• Pressure, Temperature and Measurements
 Furnace
• a furnace is the most important part of the
boiler itsb primary function is to provide
adequate space for fuel gas to a
temperature at which the convective
heating surfaces can be operated safely,
the combustion takes place mostly on the
grate.here the heat transfer takes place
beyond the combustion zone.
Furnace
 Cyclone
• More than 90% of solids are
separated from flue gas and returned
to furnace
• Relatively clean flue gas leaves the
cyclone through the vortex finder
• Temperature difference between
furnace top and cyclone outlet
indicates post-combustion in cyclone.
Cyclone
 Loop Seal
• The siphon is a non-mechanical valve
which tightens the separator from the
furnace and feeds circulating material from
the cyclone back to the furnace
• The down leg/lift leg area is fluidized with
HP air to ensure the solids flow
downwards
• Loop seal attached with return leng which
also connect to furnace.
Loop Seal
 Economizer
• Economizer is a mechanical devise
intended to reduce energy consumption,
or to performe useful function such as
preheating a fluid.
• The term rconomizer is used for other
purposes as well Boiler, power plant,
heating, refrigeration and ventilation.in a
simple term economizer is a heat
exchanger.
Economizer
 Superheater
• A superheater is a devise used to convert
saturated steam or wet steam into
superheated steam or dry steam.
• Superheated steam is used in steam
trbine for electricity generation, steam
engines and in processes such as steam
reforming.
Superheater
 Oil System Components
BURNERS
• Numbers of Burners 2
• Height of Burners mouth (from nozzle Grid) 2.7m
• Burner thermal capacity (Per burner) 12MW
• Minimum thermal capacity (Per burner) 3MW
BED LANCES
• Numbers of Bed lances 2
• Height of Bed lance mouth (from nozzle Grid) 0.5m
• Bed lance thermal capacity (Per Bed lance) 8MW
• Minimum thermal capacity (Per Bed lance) 2MW
 Coal System-Components
Coal yard
• Coal storage area
Stoker system
• Push the coal by Hydrulick system into coal belt
Coal Belt conveyer
• Convey coal from yard to chain conveyer
Main trough Chain conveyer
• Convey coal from chain conveyer to coal bunkers
Coal Bunkers
• Coal storage bunkers into Boiler
 Coal System-Function
Coal Bunkers
• Coal storage bunkers into Boiler
2 Coal lines
• Coal line 1 (2 conveyers)
• Coal line 2 (3 conveyers)
Hammer Mill
• Crush coal into small size for efficient burning
Rotary Feeders
• Sealing chute from combustion chamber
Slide Gate valve
• Isolate if coal lines is not in operation
 Ash Silo
Ash Bin
• Ash is collected at ash pot which is call
ash Bin
• 3 ash bin placed at different boiler floor
and send ash into Ash Silo.
 Thanks
Any Question?