UNIVERSITATEA DIN ORADEA

FACULTATEA DE PROTECŢIA MEDIULUI

DOMENIUL : HORTICULTURĂ
PROGRAMUL DE STUDII : HORTICULTURĂ
FORMA DE ÎNVĂŢĂMÂNT: CU FRECVENŢĂ

Referat Limba Straina

Horticultura anul II
Semestrul I

Cadru Didactic Examinator

Conf. Dr. Supuran Anamaria

Student
Béres Attila
ORADEA
2020
 General Horticulture around the World

Specialized cultivation of vegetables, fruits and flowers is called horticulture. In USA it

is termed as ‘truck farming’ as the vegetables and fruits grown far away from the urban and
industrial centres are supplied to the markets through the trucks and transport carriers.
Horticulture is well developed in the densely populated industrial districts of Northwest
Europe, Britain, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, France and Italy (Fig. 5.12). In the urbanized
developed countries there is heavy daily demand for fresh fruits and vegetables.
he Netherlands specializes in the cultivation of spring flowers such as tulips which are
flown to all the major cities of Europe, New Zealand, Australia and America. In the United
States, California is the leading vegetable growing state but horticulture is also important in the
Lake Peninsula, Florida and the coastal states of Canada.
The distance of the truck farms from the markets are governed by the distance a truck can
cover overnight. Hence, the name truck farming has been given, though some fruits, e.g., oranges
and apples depend largely on the climatic rather than the market factor.
In horticulture the farms are small. Such farms are located where communication links
with the consumption centres are appreciably good. The land in fruits and vegetable gardening is
very intensively cultivated. The vegetables may be grown in fields or in glass houses. Soil
fertility is maintained by the heavy application of manures and fertilizers.
Most of the work is done by hand labour. The market gardens are scientifically managed
to achieve optimum yields and handsome returns. In the developed countries, quality seeds,
insecticides, nurseries, artificial heatings and speedy disposal of the commodity are made. Owing
to these factors the per capita outlay in horticulture is quite heavy.
In India, the warm and sunny climate allows the cultivation of a wide range of green
vegetables and fruits. Flowers, beans, onions, tomatoes, carrots, radish, pumpkins, gourd,
cabbage, cauliflower and all the leafy vegetables of the warm temperate latitudes are grown in
India. The seeds of different vegetables are sown in different periods of the year which helps in
maintaining a constant supply of vegetables to the urban centres.
 Although vegetables in India are grown in or around almost every village, town and city,
their cultivation is more important in the outskirts of large urban centres, like Bombay, Calcutta,
Madras, Delhi, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Ahmadabad, Kanpur, Patna, Shillong and Gauhati,
mainly because of heavy demands. In Srinagar (Kashmir) vegetable cultivation is carried on in
the Dal lake, mainly during the spring and summer seasons to meet the fresh vegetable demand
of Srinagar and its environs.
A large variety of fruits like mangoes, apples, oranges, grapes, bananas, guavas, peaches,
berries, apricots, plums, cheeku and diverse dry fruits are grown under the varying agro-climatic
conditions of India. Mangoes and several other fruits and their products are now being exported
to the distant markets of Europe, America, Middle East and the Far East which fetch handsome
foreign exchange to the country.

Important Tropical Fruits Grown in India are as follows:

Fruits are the chief source of vitamins. In absence of vitamins the human body cannot be
maintained properly. More-over vitamins provide resistance against diseases. Apart from
vitamins, fruits contain carbohydrate, fibres and several minerals like calcium, phosphorus, iron,
sodium, potassium and magnesium in appreciable quantities.
Even before human beings started cultivation of trees, fruit consisted one of their favourite diet.
There are certain varieties of fruits which are indigenous to our country, such as banana, mango,
jack fruit, falsa, bael, aonla etc., while there are many others which have been brought from
different countries and introduced here.
Litchi, peach and sweet orange have been brought from China, guava, custard apple, papaya,
pineapple and sapota from tropical America and apple, almond, apricot, cherry, pear, grapes,
pistachio, walnut, plum, pomegranate etc. from Central Asian countries.
Fruits grown and cultivated in India have been classified into three main categories-tropical
fruits, sub-tropical fruits and temperate fruits.

The important tropical fruits grown in India are –

Mango (Mangifera indica) Guava (Psidium guajava) Banana (Musa paradisiaca) Custard apple
(Anona squamosa) Papaya (Carica papaya) Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Sapota (Achras sapota)
Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Water nut (Trapa bispinosa)
The important sub-tropical fruits grown in India are –
Ber (Ziziphus jujuba) Lemon, orange (Citrus spp.) Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera) Pomegranate
(Punica granatum) Litchi (Litchi chinensis) Jamun (Syzygium spp.)

The important temperate fruits grown in India are –

Apple (Pyrus malus) Pear (Pyrus communis) Peach (Prunus persica) Walnut (Juglan regia)
Falsa (Grewia asiatica) Water melon (Citrulus vulgaris) Plum (Prunus spp.) Apricot (Armenica
vulgaris) Cherry (Prunus avium)
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Bibliography:
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