 Moment of force – newton metre = 107 (vector quantity)

 Couple – either force x distance between forces

 Work = 1 newton and metre = 1 joule = 107 ergs (scalar)
 Power = watts = 1 joule/1 second , 1 HP = 746 W (scalar)
 Gravitational potential energy = m g h
 Kinetic energy = momentum2/mass
 Mechanical advantage = load/effort
 Velocity ratio = VE/VL
 Efficiency = work output/work input X 100 = M.A/V.R
 Speed of light = wavelength X frequency
 Refractive index = speed of light in air / speed of light in that medium
 Refractive index of the medium = wavelength / changed wavelength
 Apperent depth = real depth / refractive index (air to medium)
 Shift (in refraction) = real depth X (1- 1/ refractive index (air to medium))
 1/v – 1/u = 1/f
 Linear magnification = Hi/Ho = v/u
 Power of lens (in D) = 1/focal length(in metre)
 Wave velocity = frequency X wavelength
 I = Q/T
 Charge = no. of electrons X charge of electron
 Potential = Work/charge (scalar)
 V=IR
 Heat = mass X specific heat capacity X change in temperature
 Heat capacity = heat/change in temperature