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Culture Documents
– Shinichi Hoshi
Background Information
Shinichi Hoshi was born on September 6, 1926, in Tokyo, Japan. The story was published in the
year 1989. The story has social criticism with an ecological message.
Characters
Protagonist: No obvious protagonist
Antagonist: All the characters in the story who irresponsibly pollute the environment
Character Analysis
Concessionaire – Flat and static
Traits: Money minded, cunning
Plot
Exposition
The typhoon ends and villagers find mysterious hole right below where the shrine once was.
Rising Action
Different people start to investigate the hole. When nothing was known about the hole major and
villagers gives the hole to the concessionaire.
Climax
Village and city start developing. The construction worker while taking his break hears someone
shout and later fails to notice pebble skim past by him.
Literary Devices
Symbolism
Sl.
Symbol Possible meaning of symbol
No
1 Hole Earth, city people contribute more towards the
pollution than the people in village
2 Typhoon It could symbolize the early warning of
environmental destruction
3 Shrine Shrine symbolizes people’s faith in god, which is
diminishing as time passes. (they are not sure when
was it constructed, and where exactly it was
located)
4 Pebble Unforeseen danger, a small thing can trigger a
bigger problem
5 Old man superstitious, however wise
6 Young People Curious, irresponsible and carefree
7 Reporter Opportunist, nosy, careless, hasty
8 Echo Unseen danger
9 Concessionaire Opportunist, careless, and inconsiderate people who
is always after making profit at any cost
10 Village People Oblivious and Uneducated, who are easily pleased
and fooled by cunning people
11 Scientists People filled with ego and pride
12 Government Authorities Corrupted officials in any office
13 Classified Unnecessary bureaucracy and corruption in the
Documents/counterfeit bills government
14 Diaries/old Photographs Unfaithful and secretive nature of people
15 Worker atop the building Innocent younger generations who face the
consequences of ancestor’s deeds
Satire
The story satirizes the concept of human being destroying the environment without realizing the
eventual consequences.
Situational Irony
The people think they have found an easy solution for the dangerous waste. They keep
discarding the waste into hole without realizing the eventual consequences.
Dramatic Irony
City dwellers and villagers fail to notice the pebble skim past from the sky. They fail to notice
what goes around comes around.
Foreshadowing
The young man shouts and throws pebble into the hole, at which the old man says, that might
bring curse upon them. This foreshadows the impending danger that falls upon them at the end.
Conflict
External: Man Vs Nature
Characters in the story try to figure out the depth and the hole itself
In the end, characters will have to deal with the garbage they threw into the
hole.
Theme
We should never try to get rid of our problems in the easiest way because they come right back.
We should face the problem and try to solve it instead of running away from it. Best proverb to
describe the theme would be “What goes around comes around”