Crystal structure with metal examples

Solid materials may be classified according to the regularity with which atoms or ions are arranged
with respect to one another.

Crystalline metals:
“Those in which the atoms are situated in a repeating or periodic array over
large atomic distances that is long-range order exists, such that upon solidification, the atoms will
position themselves in a repetitive three-dimensional pattern, in which each atom is bonded to its
nearest-neighbor atoms”.

All metals many ceramic materials, and certain polymers form crystalline structures under normal
solidification conditions.

Non crystalline:
For those that do not crystallize, this long-range atomic order is absent. These non-crystalline or
amorphous materials examples are (glass) and some of complex metallic materials.

All metallic elements (except Cs, Ga, and Hg) are crystalline solids at room temperature.

Copper:
It is a metallic crystalline solid. A metallic solid is an element that can withstand high
temperatures and conduct electricity. Solid copper can be described as the arrangement of copper
atoms in a face-centered-cubic (FCC) configuration. A copper atom is found at each corner and in
the center of each face of a cube as depicted in diagram.
This is the unit cell which is repeated in three dimensional space to make up the crystal structure of
the metal. The atoms are held in place in the structure by the energy of the atomic attractions
between them. 

Copper is known to possess certain unique qualities that make it the best engineering material for
bearing applications. These are

High thermal conductivity

Excellent ductility and toughness over a wide range of temperatures

Excellent corroution and resistance in many different environments

Tunston:
it has a bcc crstal structure.tungnstun or wolf form is with symbol W and atomic number 74.

. tungsten is a hard steel-grey metal  that is often brittle and hard to work. If made very pure,
tungsten retains its hardness (which exceeds that of many steels), and becomes malleable enough
that it can be worked easily. It is worked by forging, drawing, or extruding but it is more commonly
formed by sintering.

atoms located at each of the corners and the centers of all the cube faces. It is called the face center
cube (FCC) crystal structure.

Tungsten's many alloys have numerous applications, including incandescent light bulb filaments, X-

ray tubes (as both the filament and target), electrodes in gas tungsten arc welding, super alloys,
and radiation shielding. Tungsten's hardness and high density give it military applications in
penetrating projectiles. Tungsten compounds are also often used as industrial catalysts.
Chromium:
Its symbol is r and atomic number 24. It is the first element in group 6.

It is a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle transition metal Chromium is the main additive

in stainless steel. to which it adds anti-corrosive properties.  Its can be highly polished. It does not
tarnish in air, when heated it bourns and forms the green chromic oxide. Chromium is unstable in
oxygen, it immediately produces a thin oxide layer that is impermeable to oxygen and protects the
metal below.

Chromium is also highly valued as a metal that is able to be highly polished while

resisting tarnishing. Polished chromium reflects almost 70% of the visible spectrum, with almost 90%
of infrared light being reflected.

 At room temperature chromium has a bcc (body-centered-cubic) crystal structure with a basis of
one Cr atom.