Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

ICT – CSS 9
Utilize, Enhance
and Store Your
Data

Quarter 1 Week 5 Module 5

Learning Competencies: Perform Computer Operations
Learning Objectives: Input data into computer

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HOW DO YOU USE THIS MODULE

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer keycard.
5. Analyze conceptually the post test and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

1. Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module.
2. Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to
be mastered throughout the lesson.
3. Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings
and skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
4. Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
5. Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
6. Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of
the lessons.
7. Check your Understanding- It will verify how you learned from the
lesson.
8. Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

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 LESSON 2: PERFORMING COMPUTER
OPERATIONS
EXPECTATIONS:
1. Enter the data into the computer using appropriate program/application in
accordance with company procedures.
2. Check the accuracy of information and save the information in
accordance with standard operating procedures.
3. Store inputted data is in storage media according to requirements.
4. Perform work within ergonomic guidelines.

PRE – TEST

Identify what is being described in the sentence. Write only the letter of the
correct answer on the space provided.

________1. A process of manipulating data to make it more useful forms. It does not
only consist of mathematical calculations but also data operations.
a. Data c. Data processing cycle
b. Data processing d. Extended data processing
________2. It is defined as a collection of raw and unprocessed facts.
a. Data c. Information
b. Data Processing d. Software
________3. A software that controls application processing and hardware resources
of the computer system such as memory, disk space, and peripheral
devices.
a. Application software c. Software
b. Database software d. System software
________4. This is the operation of manipulating and transforming data into useful
information. The data are manipulated and changed in this step.
a. Input c. Processing
b. Output d. Storage
________5. It is defined as a set of instructions that tell the computer what to do.
a. Application software c. Software
b. Database software d. System software
________6. A collection of programs that perform a variety of tasks or functions. It
involve communicating with the disk drives, etc., and other peripheral
devices.
a. Application software c. Software
b. Operating system d. System software

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________7. A program that is created to assist users with a specific task. Programs
to perform word processing, manipulate spreadsheets, manage
database, and communicate with other computers are some of the
popular applications.
a. Application software c. Software
b. Database software d. System software
________8. The output of data that has been already manipulated and transformed
into something useful.
a. Data c. Information
b. Data Processing d. Software
________9. An application that enables users with an Internet connection to access
and view webpages on a computer or mobile device
a. Hardware c. Web browser
b. Internet d. website
________10. The scientific discipline concerned of eliminating discomfort and
risk of repetitive and cumulative injuries in workplace.
a. Attitude c. Ergonomics
b. Economics d. Occupational Health and Safety
________11. A set of symbols that developers use to specify the headings,
paragraphs, images, links, and other content elements that a webpage
contains
a. ALGORITHM c. HTML
b. FLOWCHART d. XTML
________12. A method of data processing that provides a fast response to inquiry
and processing..
a. Batch processing c. On-line processing
b. Distributed processing d. Real-time processing
________13. a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer or
mobile device .
a. Web browser c. web server
b. web page d. website
________14. The following are Ergonomic stress area, except:
a. Elbow c. Hip
b. Feet d. Neck
________15. This is the result of the processing function. the computer must then
produce and present the information into a format acceptable to the
user.
a. Input c. Process
b. Output d. Storage
________16. A device that usually uses its input/output channels to access and
transfers the desired data using intermediate area in primary storage..
a. Primary storage c. ROM
b. RAM d. Secondary storage

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________17. The following are considered as work related type of injuries except:
a. Joint pain c. Numbness
b. Muscle pain d. Stress
________18. A method where all the information and devices are under the direct
control of the central processing unit of a computer.
a. Batch processing c. On-line processing
b. Distributed processing d. Real-time processing
________19. This steps initially gathers and prepares data to be entered into a
computer for processing.
a. Input c. Process
b. Output d. Storage
________20. A worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of
businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and
individuals
a. Internet c. web page
b. web browser d. website

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Identify what is being described in the sentence. Write only the letter of the
correct answer on the space provided.
________1. Devices that display results of the processed data that were entered
using input devices.
a. Input devices c. Processing device
b. Output devices d. Storage devices
________2. Hardware devices used for storing information from the computer.
a. Input devices c. Processing device
b. Output devices d. Storage devices
________3. A device responsible for processing raw data in the computer.
a. Input devices c. Processing device
b. Output devices d. Storage devices
________4. Computer software that refers to the files and programs that make up
your computer's operating system.
a. Application software c. System software
b. Preventive software d. Utility software
________5. Computer software that refers to programs designed for the computer
users.
a. Application software c. System software
b. Preventive software d. Utility software
________6. Occupational health and safety standards are in place to mandate the
removal, reduction, or replacement of job site hazards.
a. Hardware c. Software
b. Occupational Health and Safety d. Task Identification

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________7. A process of identifying what is known, what is needed, what problem
might occur and who will be the right person for the task.
a. Hardware c. Software
b. Occupational Health and Safety d. Task Identification
________8. The physical and tangible components of a computer.
a. Hardware c. Software
b. Occupational Health and Safety d. Task Identification
________9. The intangible components of a computer that allows the computer
hardware to work.
a. Hardware c. Software
b. Occupational Health and Safety d. Task Identification
________10. Devices used to input/enter data and information to the computer.
a. Input devices c. Processing device
b. Output devices d. Storage devices

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

The functioning of the computer is not dependent on its hardware

alone, it requires a set of instruction that tells the computer what to be
done with the input data. In computer terminology, this set of instruction
is called a program and one or more programs are termed as software.

TOPIC: TYPES OF PROGRAM / APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Objectives:
1. Define a program or software
2. Identify the three categories of software
3. Give examples of program/software.
LEARNING CONTENT:
SOFTWARE – is a set of instructions that tell the computer what to do. Computer is
useless without any software installed in it.
THREE CATEGORIES OF SOFTWARE
1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE – System software is the software that controls
application processing and hardware resources of the computer system such
as memory, disk space, and peripheral devices.
Ex. Operating system

The Operating system is a collection of programs that perform a variety

of tasks or functions. The tasks performed by the operating system (OS)
involve communicating with the disk drives, printers, hard disks, CD/DVD
ROMS, monitor, modem and other peripheral devices.

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2. APPLICATION SOFTWARE – Application software is a program that is created
to assist users with a specific task. Programs to perform word processing,
manipulate spreadsheets, manage database, and communicate with other
computers are some of the popular applications.
Ex. Word Processing

The Word processing technology today make it possible to enjoy typing

effectively. The typist will no longer suffer the agony of retyping the text to
produce clean and a neat draft. Through the used of word processing
software such as the Microsoft Word and Word Perfect, a user (typist) can
concentrate on thinking about the ideas and let the computer handle the
details of laying out the words and spacing neatly on the page.

Category Examples
Word processor Word, WordStar, Word Perfect
Spreadsheet Microsoft Excel, Lotus 123, Quattro
Database Management System Oracle, FoxPro, SQL, Database Access
Graphics Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw
Games Counter Strike, WarCraft, Chess Master
Educational MathCAD

3. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES – It is the representation of instructions in

human recognizable form.

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 Classification of Programming language according generation

Programming language according to level

WEB BROWSERS
• A browser is an application that enables users with an Internet connection to
access and view webpages on a computer or mobile device
– Internet-capable mobile devices such as smartphones use a special type
of browser, called a mobile browser

THE WORLD WIDE WEB

• The World Wide Web (WWW), or web, consists of a worldwide collection of
electronic documents (webpages)
• A website is a collection of related webpages and associated items
• A web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages to your
computer or mobile device
• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a set of symbols that developers use
to specify the headings, paragraphs, images, links, and other content elements
that a webpage contains
• A web app is an application stored on a web server that you access through a
browser
– Web apps usually store users’ data and information on their hosts’
servers

Figure 1.1 Web and mobile apps often work together, enabling you to access
your content from a variety of computers and devices.

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 THE INTERNET

The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of

businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main
goals:
– Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and
work together
– Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a
disaster

Figure1.2 shows the brief history of the Internet

Figure 1.3 Connecting to the Internet

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 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Identify what is asked in the following sentences and write your answer on the
space provided.

__________________1. A set of symbols that developers use to specify the

headings, paragraphs, images, links, and other content
elements that a webpage contains
__________________ 2. An application software where user can edit, delete, save
word documents.
__________________ 3. An application that enables users with an Internet
connection to access and view webpages on a
computer or mobile device.
__________________ 4. It is consists of a worldwide collection of electronic
documents or webpages.
__________________ 5. A worldwide collection of networks that connects millions
of businesses, government agencies, educational
institutions, and individuals .

BRIEF
BRIEF INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION:

Data Processing is a process of manipulating data to make it more useful

forms. It does not only consist of mathematical calculations but also data
operations. The term data processing is a cumulative technique for the collection
of data to acquire certain objectives.

TOPIC: DATA PROCESSING

Objectives:
1. Define what is Data processing
2. Categories of Data Processing
3. Identify the Operations and Methods of data processing

LEARNING CONTENT:
DATA PROCESSING
Data is defined as a collection of raw and unprocessed facts. Since it is still
raw, it needs to be seamed to other data. The data must be manipulated and
processed to achieve a desirable result and turn it into more useful information. Score

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in quizzes, student names, sale figures, grade reports and others are all examples of
data. After data have been processed they can now be considered as information. It
is the output of data that has been already manipulated and transformed into
something useful.
Unorganized Facts
No. of hours rendered, other deduction
No. of items and cost
Cost per subject and other Miscellaneous
Useful Information
Payroll reports
Sales Report
Registration Form

Data Processing is a process of manipulating data to make it more useful

forms. It does not only consist of mathematical calculations but also data operations.
The term data processing is a cumulative technique for the collection of data to acquire
certain objectives.

DATA PROCESSING
DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
The data processing cycle performs three (3) basic functions: Input, Process,
Output. Any type of data to be processed regardless of type of device used, either
through a manual operation or electronic operation, comprises these basic steps.

DATA PROCESSING CYCLE

Input. This steps initially gathers and prepares data to be entered into a
computer for processing. This type of data is commonly called as the input data. There
are certain computer input devices used to collect data such as microphone, mouse,

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keyboard and others. The most commonly used input devices for entering data into a
computer is by typing on a keyboard.

Examples of Input Devices

Processing. This is the operation of manipulating and transforming data into
useful information. The data are manipulated and changed in this step. Arithmetic
operations, logic operations or simple data movement can also be included in this
function. Data in computer system are represented using binary digits 1 and 0. When
you enter letter A in the keyboard it doesn’t mean that the one being process is A. the
binary form of A is 1010. It is in the Processing block that these binary digits are
converted into letters for them to be understood by humans.
Output. This is the result of the processing function. Once the data have
been manipulated and processed into information, the computer must then produce
and present the information into a format acceptable to the user. The output devices
are used to display the information on a monitor or the information is printed on paper.

Examples of Output Devices

EXPANDED DATA PROCESSING CYCLE

There are three (3) more steps added to the basic data processing cycle and
these are: Origination, Distribution and Storage.
Origination. It is a process of collecting the source document often referred to
as the original data. It is important to keep the source documents for reference
purposes in case errors occur during the processing steps.

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 Distribution. In this steps, the output data or the result which is often referred
to as report documents will be distributed.
Storage. It is important that the result of data processing are kept in a storage
device to be retrieved, modified or used as input data for further processing.

DATA PROCESSING OPERATION

(checking and saving information )

RECORDING –refers to the transfer of data from one form to another. Numbers or
figures and facts resulting from the operation are documented.
VERIFYING – refers to the checking of data for any errors or discrepancy because
most data are recorded manually.
DUPLICATING – is the reproduction of data into many forms.
CLASSIFYING – it separates data into its distinctive categories
SORTING – refers to the arranging of data in specific order. Orders may be cardinal,
ordinal, alphabetical or lexicographic order.
CALCULATION – refers to the arithmetic calculation of data.
SUMMARIZING and REPORTING – the data are condensed to their meaningful
forms.
MERGING – is the putting together of two or more sets of data with the same key to
be one set of data.
STORING – is the saving of data into files for future reference.
RETRIEVING – refers to the recovering of stored data and/or information when
needed.
FEEDBACK – is the operation that compares the result to the objectives set.

METHODS OF PROCESSING DATA

1. Batch Processing. This applies serial processing. In this method, the data are
being collected into a certain groups or batches to permit convenience,
efficiency following a step by step procedure.
2. On-line Processing. It is a method where all the information and devices are
under the direct control of the central processing unit of a computer that permits
sharing of files and devices with all computers that are connected to the server.
3. Real-time Processing. It is a method that provides a fast response to
inquiry and processing. It processes the data as soon as data have been
inputted and has the capability of the outcome of the activity or process in a
matter of seconds or even milliseconds.
4. Distributed Processing. It is the most complicated level of computer
processing. It is usually consists of different computers that are connected to a
large central computer system or server to help the user conduct inquiries,
processes, or other data processing operations locally or even globally.

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REMEMBER

Data processing involves three steps, the input, process and

output. The main goal of data processing is to process data into a
more useful form which could use by people into a more meaningful
form called information.

ACTIVITY 1 - Self Assessment

Asked help from other members of your family’s to write a simple
statement / sentence prior to the given data processing operation.

1. Classifying - ________________________________________-
____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________.

2. Sorting - ________________________________________-
____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________.

3. Recording - ________________________________________-
____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________.

4. Retrieving- ________________________________________-
____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________.

5. Summarizing and Reporting -

____________________________________________________
______________________________________________.

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 Activity 2: Essay type
Write at least 5 sentences that would differentiate data into
information.
______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

DIRECTION:
Identify what kind of Data Processing operation take place in the following
sentences. Choose your answer inside the box of choices below and write your answer
on the space provided.
_______________________ 1. The Bank manager is imposing a 10% interest rate on
the new salary loan to every account in the BPI
Family Bank.
_______________________ 2. Emmanuel found the LACTUM 3+ for kids in the lane
F, which is under the Dairy Product.
_______________________ 3. The students of grade 7 is make a line up according
to height.
_______________________ 4. John recovered the saved file after the unexpected
power interruption.
_______________________ 5. Nathalie, a secretary in court, is jotting down notes in
stenography for the court’s minute.
_______________________ 6. The Jollibee customer answers the survey form for
new product offered by the establishment.
_______________________ 7. Mr. Salazar, a Mathematics teacher, found out that
there are some errors in his class record.
_______________________ 8. Grade 9 and the Grade 10 students will be the new
seminar committees on “Students Symposium.”
_______________________ 9. Mrs. Santos student’s in English communication, were
asked to submit a reaction paper on the issue about
the effect of this PANDEMIC on the Education
System of the Philippines.

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_______________________ 10. Jayson requested for another copy of his Form 138
at Cayetano Arellano High school as requirement
for the application of Entrance Examination at
UPCAT.
BOX OF CHOICES

STORING SORTING MERGING

RETRIEVING,. RECORDING DUPLICATING,

CLASSIFYING VERIFYING FEEDBACK

CALCULATING SUMMARIZING and REPORTING

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

Storage devices are necessary in order for us to save our work , its
fundamental function of storage which is the reading and writing of
data stored on nonvolatile media. They operate in the microscopic realm,
combining advanced magnetic physics, chemistry, and electronics.

TOPIC: STORAGE DEVICES

Objectives:

1 define what is an Storage devices?

2. Identify the two types of storage devices
3. Identify storage devices under each type

LEARNING CONTENT:
STORAGE DEVICES
A storage device is a piece of computer hardware used for saving, carrying and
pulling out data. It can keep and retain information short-term or long-term. It can be
a device inside or outside a computer or server. Other terms for storage device is
storage medium or storage media. A storage device is one of the basic elements of
any computer device. It almost saves all data and applications in a computer except
for hardware firmware. It comes in different shapes and sizes depending on the needs
and functionalities. https://teachcomputerscience.com/storage-devices/

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 TYPES OF STORAGE
There are two type of storage:
• Primary Storage
• Secondary Storage

Primary Storage
• Also known as main memory.
• Main memory is directly or indirectly connected to the central processing unit
via a memory bus.
• The CPU continuously reads instructions stored there and executes them as
required.
Example: – RAM – ROM – Cache
RAM ( Random Access Memory )
• It is called Random Access Memory because any of the data in RAM can be
accessed just as fast as any of the other data.
• There are two types of RAM:
– DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
– SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)
RAM
Static RAM Dynamic RAM
• Faster • Less expensive
• More expensive • Less power consumption
• More power consumption • needs to be refreshed thousands of
• does not need to be refreshed times per second

ROM
• This memory is used as the computer begins to boot up.
• Small programs called firmware are often stored in ROM chips on hardware
devices (like a BIOS chip), and they contain instructions the computer can use in

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 performing some of the most basic operations required to operate hardware
devices.
• ROM memory cannot be easily or quickly overwritten or modified.

CACHE
• Cache is a high-speed access area that can be either a reserved section of main
memory or a storage device.
• Most computers today come with L3 cache or L2 cache, while older computers
included only L1 cache.

Secondary Storage
• It is not directly accessible by the CPU.
• Computer usually uses its input/output channels to access secondary storage
and transfers the desired data using intermediate area in primary storage.
`• Example: – Hard disk
HARD DISK
The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a
computer.
• It can store anywhere from 160 gigabytes to 2 terabytes.
• Hard disk speed is the speed at which content can be read and written on a
hard disk.
• A hard disk unit comes with a set rotation speed varying from 4500 to 7200
rpm.
• Disk access time is measured in milliseconds.

Hard Disk
Internal Hard disk External Hard disk
Portability No Yes
Price Less expensive More expensive
Speed Fast Slow
Size Big Small

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Examples of Storage Device
 Magnetic Storage Device – one of the most popular types of storage
used.
 Floppy diskette – A normal 3 ½ inch disk can store 1.44 MB of data.
 Hard drive – An internal hard drive is the main storage device in a
computer. An external hard drive is also known as removable hard
drive. It is used to store portable data and backups.
 Magnetic strip – Magnetic tape drive stores video and audio using
magnetic tape, like tape and video tape recorders.
 Cassette tape – A magnetic storage device used for audio recording
and playback.
 Zip diskette – Like a floppy diskette but more advanced.
 Optical Storage Device – uses lasers and lights as its mode of saving
and retrieving data.
 Blu-ray disc – A digital optical storage device which was intended to
replace the DVD format.
 CD-ROM disc – An optical storage device that is read-only or cannot
be modified nor deleted.
 CD-R and CD-RW disc – CD-R is a recordable disc that can be
written to once, while CD-RW is a rewritable disc that can be written
to multiple times.
 DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW and DVD+RW disc – DVD-R and DVD+R
are recordable discs that can be written to once, while DVD-RW and
DVD+RW are rewritable discs that can be written to multiple times.
The difference between the + and – is in the formatting and
compatibility.
 Flash Memory Device – is now replacing magnetic storage device as it
is economical, more functional and dependable.
 Memory card – An electronic flash memory device used to store
digital information and commonly used in mobile electronic devices.
 Memory stick – A memory card that is removable.
 SSD – Solid State Drive – A flash memory device that uses
integrated circuit assemblies to save data steadily.
 USB flash drive – A small, portable storage device connected
through the USB port..
 Online and Cloud – is now becoming widespread as people access data
from different devices.
o Cloud storage – Data is managed remotely and made available
over a network. Basic features are free to use but upgraded version
is paid monthly as a per consumption rate.

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  Network media – Audio, Video, Images or Text that are used on a
computer network. A community of people create and use the content
shared over the internet.
 Paper Storage – method used by early computers for saving information.
 OMR – stands for Optical Mark Recognition – A process of capturing
marked data of human from forms like surveys and tests. It is used to
read questionnaires with multiple choices that are shaded.
 Punch card – A piece of hard paper used to contain digital information
coming from the perforated holes. The presence or absence of holes
in predetermined positions define the data.

REMEMBER

In the world of computer system, knowing the right storage devices suited
for our need is very important. A lot of variety of storage devices is available
and saving our work means a chance of retrieving it for future need.

Activity 1: Cut, Draw and Paste

Paste in the blank (cut picture) with the correct answer of each one
described.

DEVICE DESCRIPTION
1. An electronic flash memory device used to store digital
information and commonly used in mobile electronic
devices.
2. An optical storage device that is read-only or cannot be
modified nor deleted.

3. Considered as the main, and usually largest, data storage

device in a computer.

4. An on-line storage media where data is managed

remotely and made available over a network.

5. A small, portable storage device connected through the

USB port.

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 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Identify what is asked in the following sentences. Write your answer in

CAPITAL LETTER, on the space provided.
________________1. A high-speed access area in a computer that can be either a
reserved section of main memory or a storage device.
________________ 2. A piece of computer hardware used for saving, carrying and
pulling out data.
________________ 3. It usually uses its input/output channels to access and transfers
the desired data using intermediate area in primary storage.
________________ 4. A digital optical storage device which was intended to
replace the DVD format.
________________ 5. An on-line storage media wherein data is managed
remotely and made available over the network.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

This topic introduces students to basic ergonomics information

and concepts that are relevant to workers of all ages and to all
types of workplaces. Students are introduced to ergonomic risk
factors by experiencing and try to apply some of these basic
ergonomic concepts.

TOPIC: WORK ERGONOMICS

Objectives:
1. Define what is Ergonomics?
2. Know the principles of Ergonomics
3. What are the different ergonomic factors?

LEARNING CONTENT:
“Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the
understanding of the interactions among human and other elements of a system,
and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design
in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.”
International Ergonomics Association Executive Council, August 2000

What does the word “ergonomics” mean?

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 Ergonomics is the study of how the human body performs tasks, and how to design
equipment, or organize the task, to best fit our body’s abilities and limits. In the
workplace, this means fitting the job to the worker.
Ergonomics – is used in workplace to help prevent repetitive and cumulative
injuries

3 Main Ergonomic Principles

1. Work activities should permit worker to adapt several different healthy and safe
postures.
2. Muscle forces should be done by the largest appropriate muscle groups
available.
3. Work activities should be performed with joints at about mid-point of their ROM
( esp. head, trunk, UE).

Why is ergonomics important?

Injuries that result from poor ergonomics are some of the most common and
frequent kinds of injuries, and they are found in all kinds of workplaces and
occupations. Many of these are musculoskeletal injuries, which we commonly refer to
as strains and sprains.
These often affect the back but other body parts are also involved such as hands
and wrists, shoulder, neck, and knee. The rise in the use of computers has contributed
to a dramatic increase in injuries due to ergonomic factors. We don’t yet know what a
lifetime of working on a personal computer does to the body, because we only have
about 25 years of experience.
Ergonomic-related injuries can be serious and disabling. Young people who get
back injuries are more likely to have lifelong back problems, which can limit both work
and recreational activities. Using the principles of ergonomics, it is possible to reduce
the risk of injury.

ERGONOMICS FACTORS
Two Categories of Ergonomics Factors
1. Environmental
 Hearing
 Vision
 General comfort and health
 Some examples of ergonomic environmental problems are:
 Sick building syndrome
 Excessive noise
 Improper lightning
 Temperature extremes
2. Physical
 Physical stressors place pressure or stress on parts of the body
 Joints, muscles, nerves, tendons, bones

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  Sometimes the injuries are referred to as “Cumulative Trauma
Disorders” (CIDs) or “Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs)
Injury, also known as physical trauma, is damage to the body caused by external
force. This may be caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and other causes.
TYPES OF INJURIES
 Muscle pain Musculoskeletal disorder
 Repetitive stress injury Cumulative trauma disorder
 Joint pain Restricted motion
 Swelling Numbness
Ergonomic stress areas are:
o eyes
o shoulder
o back spine
o neck
o elbow
o wrist
o hand
o hip and knee

Proper posture in workplace.

POSTURE – is defined as the position in which someone holds their body
when standing or sitting.
Static and awkward postures lead to:
 Decreased movement
 Decreased circulation
 Increased stress and fatigue
Maintain Neutral Posture
o Maintain erect position of back & neck without shoulders relaxed
o Position equipment & work directly in front of and close to your major
tasks

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 o Avoid static positions for prolonged time: muscles fatigue --- MOVE to
circulation
Modify your tasks
 Alternate activities frequently; rotate heavy and/or repetitive tasks
without lighter less repetitive ones.
 If stress become worse REASSESS task setup and look for alternative
methods
 Avoid repetitive or prolonged grip activities.

Correct and incorrect posture

Computer workstation ergonomics

23
 Wellness is an active process of becoming aware of and making choices
towards a healthy and fulfilling life. It is more than being free from illness, it is a
dynamic process of change and growth. A good or satisfactory condition of existence;
a state characterized by health, happiness, and prosperity; welfare.

Practice wellness

REMEMBER

Practicing wellness in workplace and having a good

consideration of ergonomics in the design which can prevent
musculoskeletal discomfort, improve productivity and work
efficiency, reduce production costs and optimize human well-being

24
 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Identify what is asked in the following sentences, and write your COMPLETE
answer on the space provider.

_____________ 1. It is defined as the position in which someone holds their body

when standing or sitting
_____________ 2. place pressure or stress on parts of the body such as joints,
muscles, nerves, tendons and bones are considered as
______________3. The scientific discipline concerned of eliminating discomfort
and risk of repetitive and cumulative injuries in workplace.
______________ 4. It is defined as an active process of becoming aware of and
making choices towards a healthy and fulfilling life..
______________ 5. It refers to harm caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and
the like.

POST-TEST
Identify what is being describe in the sentence. Write only the letter of the
correct answer on the space provided.
________1. A set of symbols that developers use to specify the headings, paragraphs,
images, links, and other content elements that a webpage contains
a. ALGORITHM c. HTML
b. FLOWCHART d. XTML
________2. A method of data processing that provides a fast response to inquiry and
processing..
a. Batch processing c. On-line processing
b. Distributed processing d. Real-time processing
________3. A computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer or mobile
device .
a. Web browser c. web server
b. web page d. website
________4. The following are Ergonomic stress area, except:
a. Elbow c. Hip
b. Feet d. Neck
________5. This is the result of the processing function. computer must then produce
and present the information into a format acceptable to the user.
a. Input c. Process
b. Output d. Storage

25
________6. A device that usually uses its input/output channels to access and transfer
the desired data using intermediate area in primary storage..
a. Primary storage c. ROM
b. RAM d. Secondary storage
________7. The following considered as work related type of injuries except:
a. Joint pain c. Numbness
b. Muscle pain d. Stress
________8. A method where all the information and devices are under the direct
control of the central processing unit of a computer.
a. Batch processing c. On-line processing
b. Distributed processing d. Real-time processing
________9. This step initially gathers and prepares data to be enter into a computer
for processing.
a. Input c. Process
b. Output d. Storage
________10. A worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses,
government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
a. Internet c. web page
b. web browser d. website
________11. A process of manipulating data to make it more useful. It does not only
consist of mathematical calculations but also data operations.
a. Data c. Data processing cycle
b. Data processing d. Extended data processing
________12. It is defined as a collection of raw and unprocessed facts.
a. Data c. Information
b. Data Processing d. Software
________13. A software that controls application processing and hardware resources
of the computer system such as memory, disk space, and peripheral
devices.
a. Application software c. Software
b. Database software d. System Software
________14. This is the operation of manipulating and transforming data into useful
information. The data is manipulated and changed in this step
a. Input c. Processing
b. Output d. Storage
________15. It is defined as a set of instruction that tell the computer what to do.
a. Application software c. Software
b. Database software d. System Software
________16. A collection of programs that perform a variety of tasks or functions. It
involves communicating with the disk drives, etc., and other peripheral
devices.
a. Application software c. Software
b. Operating system d. System Software

26
________17. A program created to assist users with a specific task. Programs to
perform word processing, manipulate spreadsheets, manage database,
and communicate with other computers are some of the popular
applications.
a. Application software c. Software
b. Database software d. System Software
________18. The output of the data has been already manipulated and transformed
into something useful
a. Data c. Information
b. Data Processing d. Software
________19. An application that enables users with an Internet connection to access
and view webpages on a computer or mobile device
a. Hardware c. Web browser
b. Internet d. website
________20. The scientific discipline concerned of eliminating discomfort and
risk of repetitive and cumulative injuries in workplace.
a. Attitude c. Ergonomics
b. Economics d. Occupational Health and Safety

27
References:

BOOKS:
An introduction to COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS and WORD PROCESSING
by: Marlyn P. Buendia and Michelle C. Ramos
Introduction to Computer Fundamentals (Concepts and Application )
by: Copernicus Pepito

IMAGES:

Ergonomics stress area

https://www.google.com/search?q=ergonomics+stress+areas&sxsrf=ALeKk00Dc-
xQ3mnMCDYwm6w4w7CjNohMzQ:1593695049927&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi
v1dLa0K7qAhW67XMBHSetAa4Q_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=04Dx8EHyAFti2M
Language generation:
https://www.google.com/search?q=classification+of+programming+languages+according+to+gener
ation&sxsrf=ALeKk00hbPSOjmLmw4Trt9lzUnNsWAOuPw:1593653251498&source=lnms&tbm=isch&
sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjdi83_tK3qAhWYbysKHR2PAwYQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgr
c=1_0PdDa_fbeSgM
Language according to level
https://www.google.com/search?q=classification+of+programming+languages+according+to+level&
sxsrf=ALeKk03P2DL1vgOi3VBznuL0N1P7VT83VA:1593653614089&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ve
d=2ahUKEwiv7L-stq3qAhUET30KHf1sBJEQ_AUoAXoECA8QAw&biw=1366&bih=657
Ergonomics
https://osha.washington.edu/sites/default/files/documents/CAUnit7.pdf

body posture
https://trustedtechsupport.com/805-2/
Correct and incorrect posture
https://www.google.com/search?q=correct+and+incorrect+posture&sxsrf=ALeKk00tltdDz3z5z886KK
G8az8RNy7rXQ:1594180079427&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwitg97K37zqAhXoDaY
KHSDqBgMQ_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=1W8hrfGscOt0hM
Computer workstation ergonomics
https://www.google.com/search?q=computer+workstation+ergonomics&sxsrf=ALeKk01BHsasCDxxv
n5AQ2wHaR1t6SsWnA:1594180529901&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiTzsSh4bzqA
hUUfnAKHdEgCxgQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=2ajUxpq3waJXeM
Practice wellness
https://www.google.com/search?q=practice+wellness+in+work+and+home&sxsrf=ALeKk012_5X7Tp
6PnDQwovHZTM3o3rkkzw:1594181390046&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji8Ne75Lz
qAhXQa94KHcXACmUQ_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=bMEuB1hEh3uc-M
Other online links:
https://ehs.unc.edu/workplace-safety/ergonomics/#

https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrwBpUNId9eIVMAtQbfSQx.;
_ylu=X3oDMTB0N2poMXRwBGNvbG8Dc2czBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYw
https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrxguoFJ99eB2IA4gDfSQx.;_
ylu=X3oDMTB0N2poMXRwBGNvbG8Dc2czBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYw\
28
https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrWq7uAyuhe4gYAVEsEIYp
Q?
https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrxhWpI1ehej0EAKw7fSQx.;
_ylu=X3oDMTB0N2poMXRwBGNvbG8Dc2czBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBH
https://ph.images.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrxgvnvJ99eVFQAYAPfSQx.;_ylu=X3oDMTB0
N2poMXRwBGNvbG8Dc2czBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNwaXZz?p=headset+with+microphone+fo
r+computer&type=3150&param1=f374bb2c9f0641baa8ac02010143464f&param2=20191104&para
m3=Avast+Secure+Browser%7C81.1.4222.139&param4=17%7CPH%7C1.17.4.578%7C1.17.4.578&hsi
mp=yhs-securebrowser&hspart=avast&ei=UTF-8&fr=yhs-avast-
securebrowser&guccounter=1#id=4&iurl=https%3A%2F%2Fviiwoo.s3.amazonaws.com%2F81%252F
81007842%252F81007842-1-150204152729.jpg&action=click

ANSWER KEY

PRE-TEST POST TEST

1. B 11. C 1. C 11.B
2. A 12. D 2. D 12. A
3. D 13. C 3. C 13. D
4. C 14. B 4. B 14. C
5. C 15. B 5. B 15. C
6. B 16. D 6. D 16. B
7. A 17. D 7. D 17. A
8. C 18. C 8. C 18. C
9. C 19. A 9. A 19. C
10. C 20. A 10. A 20. C
LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON:
1. B 6. B
2. D 7. D
3. C 8. A
4. C 9. C
5. A 10. A
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING (Topic: Software program/application)
1. HTML
2. Word processing
3. Web browser
4. World wide web
5. internet

29
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING (Topic: Data processing)
1. Calculation
2. Classifying
3. Sorting
4. Retrieving
5. Recording
6. Feedback
7. Verifying
8. Merging
9. Summarizing and reporting
10. duplicating
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING (Topic: Storage devices)
1. Secondary storage
2. Storage devices
3. Cache
4. Blu-ray disc
5. Cloud storage
CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING (Topic: Ergonomics)
1. Posture
2. Physical stressor
3. Ergonomics
4. Wellness
5. Injury/injuries

Acknowledgements

Writers: JOEL C. CACHO

Teacher III, Cayetano Arellano High School

Reviewers/ Editors: PERLITO MALAYA

Head Teacher VI, R. Magsaysay High School

ARIEL D. TOSIO
Education Program Supervisor, TLE-Vocation

Management Team: MARIA MAGDALENA M. LIM, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent
AIDA H. RONDILLA
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

LUCKY S. CARPIO
Division EPS in Charge of LRMS
Division ADM Coordinator

30