Assessment of water, soil and gases DIN

for their aggressiveness to concrete 4030

Collection and examination of water and soil samples Part 2

In keeping with current practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization [ISO), a
comma has been used throughout as the decimal marker.

This standard has been preparedjointly by Section VI1 Beton-und Stahlbetonbauand DeutscherAusschuB für Stahlbeton
of the NormenausschuB Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee).

Contents
Page Page

1 Scope and field of application .................. 2 5.2.3 Potassium permanganate consumption ...... 5
2 Principles ...................................... 2 5.2.4 Hardness .................................. 5
5.2.5 Magnesium content ......................... 6
3 Sampling ....................................... 2
5.2.6 Ammonium and ammonia contents . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1 General information ........................... 2
5.2.7 Sulfate content ............................. 6
3.2 Collection of water samples ................... 2
5.2.8 Chloride content ........................... 6
3.2.1 Apparatus ................................... 2
3.2.2 Groundwater and other forms of soil water ... 4 5.2.9 Lime-dissolving capacity .................... 6
5.2.10 Sulfide content ............................ 6
3.2.3 Surface water ............................... 4
5.3 Soil samples ................................. 6
3.3 Collection of soil samples ..................... 4
5.3.1 Sample preparation ......................... 6
4 Rapid method (for water samples only) . . . . . . . . . . 4 5.3.2 Baumann-Gully acidity ...................... 6
4.1 General information ........................... 4 5.3.3 Sulfate content ............................. 7
4.2 Odour ........................................ 4 5.3.4 Sulfide content ............................. 7
4.3 pH value ...................................... 4 5.3.5 Chloride content ........................... 7
4.4 Hardness ..................................... 4
4.4.1 Total hardness .............................. 4 6 Test report .................................... 7
4.4.2 Temporary hardness ......................... 5 Appendix A Test report specimen form for water
4.5 Magnesium content ........................... 5 analysis (rapid method) .............. 8
4.6 Ammonium and ammonia contents ............. 5
Appendix B Test report specimen form for water
4.7 Sulfate content ............................... 5
analysis (detailed method) . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.8 Chloride content .............................. 5
4.9 Lime-dissolving capacity ....................... 5 Appendlx C Test report specimen form for
5 Detailed method (for both water
soil analysis ......................... 10
and soil samples) ............................... 5 Standards and other documents referred t o ....... 11
5.1 General information ........................... 5 Previous editions ................................. 11
5.2 Water samples ................................ 5
5.2.1 Odour ...................................... 5 Amendments ..................................... 11
5.2.2 pH value .................................... 5 Explanatory notes ................................ 11

Continued on pages 2 to 12

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 Page 2 DIN 4030 Part 2
1 Scope and field of application
This standard describes the procedures to be followed for
the sampling and examination of water and soil to assess
their aggressiveness to concrete.
In the case of gas and contaminated water and soil, which
are likely to be encountered in untreated or treated
commercialand industrialwaste water, in domestic sewage
or in soil contaminated by industrialwaste, the relevant spec-
ifications in [l]to [3]shall be observed,and specialized la-
boratorieswith expert assistance commissioned,to collect
and examine samples for their aggressiveness to concrete.
2 Principles
Within the framework of site investigations, representative
soil and water samples shall normally be collected and
examined at the planning stage of a construction project.
The collection of water and soil samples (cf. clause 3)and
the examination of water samples by the rapid method
(cf. clause 4 and [4]) shall be performed by qualified
personnel with experience in ground investigations as
covered in DIN 4021.by the building contractors involved,
or by specialized institutes commissioned to carry out the
tests specified in DIN 1045.‘Qualified personnel’ include
engineers, laboratory assistants and building material
testers with special training in the above fields.
Figure 1 is a flowchart showing the sampling and testing
procedure for water. If this is mainly of natural origin, the
samples collected may be tested on site by the rapid
method. Water samples collected near industrial premises
and dumping sites shall be examined by the detailed
method (cf. clause 5).
If the rapid test shows that the pH value and the consti-
tuents of the water do not exceed the values given in figure 1,
and if other water sample characteristics (e.g. colour and
odour) do not indicate that other aggressive substances
are present, further examination can usually be dispensed
with. However, if one of the criteria given in figure 1 is not
satisfied, a further water sample shall be collected and
examined by the detailed method (cf. clause 5 and [5]),
assessment being based on the limiting values given in
DIN 4030 Part 1. Certain circumstances (e.g. where a high
sulfide content is likely or the water flow rate is high) may
require that an expert be consulted.
Each test involved in the rapid method need onlybe carried
out once, which also applies for the detailed method, pro-
vided the rapid test was carried out beforehand. Otherwise,
two determinations shall be made for each parameter.
3 Sampling
3.1 General information
The method of sampling shall be in accordance with
DIN 4021,with points of collection being selected and iden-
tified as described in that standard.The number of points of
collection shall be specified by the client after consultation
with the contractor and the laboratories involved.
The number of samples and the frequency and time of sam-
pling shall be selected as a function of the construction
project and of the conditions on site and at the point of col-
lection. If a more frequent gauging of the groundwater table
or of the inflow of joint water is required in order to deter-
mine seasonal variations, a larger number of water samples
should be collected and examined. Where the site is
located near industrial plants or dumping sites, or on
abandoned industrial premises, water samples shall be
collected at not less than two different points.
The content of aggressive constituents of the samples
taken shall be representative, due account being taken of
the local geological and hydrological conditions and the
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changes which occur in the sampled material over time. If
more than one soil stratumlaquifer is encountered, it may
be necessary (depending on the depth of the foundations
of the building) to collect separate samples from each stra-
tum or aquifer.The composition of the samples may also be
expected to change as the level of the water table varies. It
is to be ensured that the composition of water and soil sam-
ples is not altered by the excavation and sampling methods
used. Soil samples shall be of quality grade 1 or 2 as spec-
ified in table 4 of DIN 4021, October 1990 edition.
Assessment of the aggressiveness of water and soil is facili-
tated where informationon the water table, the direction of
flow, the flow rate, the piezometric head, the temperature
and the coefficient of permeability, k,of the soil is available.
The temperature during transport shall not exceed 5 K, as
higher temperatures may cause unacceptable changes in
the composition of the water or soil. The time between
sample collection and determinationof the lime-dissolving
capacity, the pH value, the potassium permanganate
consumption and the sulfide content shall not exceed four
hours.
3.2 Collection of water sample
3.2.1 Apparatus
The equipment described in DIN 4021 (scoops, sampling
devices with drain valve, pumps) shall be used to collect
water samples.
Further equipment required for the storage and transport
of water samples and for the rapid test is listed in table 1.
Table 1. Equipment for sampling, transport and
analysls of water
No.
1 1 sample bottle, of capacity 1 I (for examina-
tions as in subclauses 4.2to 4.8)
2 1 sample bottle, of capacity 0.51, containing
10 g of calcium carbonate powder (for
examinations as in subclause 4.9)
1 thermometer, with a range of O to 3OoC
and 0,2OC scale intervals
1 pH meter, with measuring cell (for
measurement as in subclause 5.2.2)
I
1 dropping bottle, containing dilute phos-
phoric acid (for check as in subclause 4.2)
1 bottle with screw cap, of capacity 0,5 1,
to keep reagents
1 rapid test kit 1)
2 sample bottles, of capacity 2 I (for exam-
inations as in subclauses 5.2.1 to 5.2.8)
9 2 sample bottles, of capacity 0,5 I,containing
10g of calcium carbonate powder
(for examinations as in subclause 5.2.9)
10 2 sample bottles, of capacity 0.6 1, containing
3 g of zinc acetate (for examinations as in
subclause 5.2.10)
-
11 1 thermally insulated box for the transport of
sample bottles (Nos. 8 to 10)
1) Cf. [4].
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 DIN 4030 Part 2 Page 3

- Sampling

odourless and
colourless after settling,
and is source

v
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Carry out rapid test

No
NO -
- Sampling
CI- < 500 mg/i
CO2 < 16mgll I
I 1 Detailed test

I
on the basis of
DIN 4030 Part 1

Water of low Water of high Water of

Compliance with requirements aggressiveness
aggressiveness extremely high
as in DIN 1045 not required. aggressiveness

Figure 1. Flowchart illustrating procedure to be followed for collecting and testing water samples

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 Page 4 DIN 4030 Part 2
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Only polyethylene or glass bottles of acid class 1as spec-
ified in DIN 12116 shall be used to transport water sam-
ples. Such bottles shall be clean and dry before sampling
and sealed with polyethyleneor glass stoppers. If tested by
the detailed method, the bottles containing the required
additives shall be supplied by the laboratoryin thermally in-
sulated transport boxes.
3.2.2 Groundwater and other forms of soil water
Groundwater and soil water samples shall generally be
taken at water level gauging stations or from boreholes,
captured springs or trial pits, care being taken to prevent
the escape of dissolved gases.
To prevent contamination of the sample (e.g. by rainwater,
flushing water (in boreholes), lubricating oil or water inflow
from other aquifers), the water present in captured springs,
trial pits or boreholes shall always be completely extracted
or pumped out prior to sampling, taking care not to
adversely affect the function of groundwater gauging
pointsThe samples shall be collected from the fresh inflow
of water from the horizon to be tested, and where required,
any stagnant water in the intake line of the pump being
replaced prior to sampling.
To collect water samples without the use of special sam-
pling equipment (e.g. from captured springs and trial pits),
the bottle shall be held horizontallyand immersed so that it
fills slowly, ¡.e. air can escape and not form bubbles in the
water.To collect samples from boreholes and groundwater
gauging stations using scoops, sampling equipment with
drain valve, or pumps, the procedure specified in subclause
7.6.4 of DIN 4021 Part 1 shall be followed.
The 21 bottles (not containing additives) shall be filled first.
Then, the 0.5 Ibottles shall be filled slowly, care being taken
to ensure that the additives are not rinsed out. The bottles
shall be filled completely and sealed. For identification
purposes, the sampler shall permanently mark them with
the sample number, point of collection, and sampling date
and time. After marking, the 0,5 l bottles shall be shaken
vigorously.
After sampling, the temperature of the water shall be meas-
ured to an accuracy of 0,2 K and reported in the sampling
record.The pH value of the water shall be measured at the
point of collection as part of the rapid test.
3.2.3 Surfece water
Since surface water is permanently in contact with air,
changes in composition do not normally occur during sam-
pling. To collect a sample, the bottle shall be held horizon-
tally and immersed so that it fills slowly, ¡.e. air can escape
and not form bubbles in the water, care being taken to
ensure that the additives are not rinsed out. The bottles
shall be completely filled and sealed. Then, they shall be
marked and treated as specified in subclause 3.2.2. Meas-
urement of temperature and pH value shall be carried out
in accordance with 3.2.2.
If stagnant water shows pronouncedlayerformation,it is re-
commended that several samples be collected from differ-
ent depths using sampling equipment as specified in sub-
clause 3.2.1.
3.3 Collection of soil samples
Where the water content of a soil is high enough to permit
water samples to be collected, soil samples need not be
taken. Otherwise, it will be necessary to collect soil sarn-
ples, even from soil which frequently or permanently con-
tains moisture, but where such is so slight that collecting
water samples is not possible. In the case of soil strata
which, as a result of changes in the groundwater table, fre-
quentlycontain moisture or are aerated, both a soil sample
and a water sample shall be collected and examined for
their sulfide content.
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The specifications given in subclauses 3.1 and 3.2 shall
apply by analogy for the collection of soil with a low mois-
ture content. The collection of representative samples of
soil for assessing its aggressiveness shall be combined
with sample recovery as part of ground investigations,
as specified in subclauses 7.1 to 7.4 of DIN 4021. The
procedurefor collecting soil samples from trial pits and by
drilling shall be as specified in that standard, with samples
from trial pits being taken immediately after the soil strata
concerned have been exposed and samples from bore-
holes, immediately after the material (either disturbed or in
the form of cores) was recovered.
The number of samples to be taken depends on the condi-
tion of the soil stratification in the surrounding ground.
Where the strata are intact, it will be sufficient to collect a
1 to 1,5 kg sample from each stratum for examination and
assessment in accordance with DIN 4030 Part 1. However,
where the strata have been disturbed or displaced (as a result
of previous excavation, tipping or landfilling,for example), the
contractor and testing laboratoryshall reach agreement as to
the technique, scope, and frequency of sampling.
Immediately after collection, the samples shall be trans-
ferred to containers that can be sealed (e.g. capped jars
with rubber seal, or cans fitted with ring seal or provided
with clamping ring closure). The samples shall be perma-
nently marked with the sample number, point of collection,
depth of recovery and, sampling date and time, and trans-
ferred to the laboratory without delay.
4 Rapid method (for water samples only)
4.1 General information
The rapid method is intended only for the on-site examina-
tion of water samples, the procedures to be followed being
described in subclauses 4.2 to 4.9 (cf. [4]).
The results of the rapid test shall be recorded (cf. appendix
A for specimen form).
The quality or the shelf life of the reagents used shall be
checked at regular intervals.
4.2 Odour
The odour of the sample shall be assessed both before
treatment and after acidification with a phosphoric acid so-
lution (prepared by adding 100 ml of 850 g l l phosphoric
acid, HaP04, made up to 1I with water).
4.3 pH value
The pH value shall be determined using an indicator solu-
tion or non-bleeding indicator paper.
Use of an indicator solution is suitable for clear and colour-
less samples, where a few drops are added to the sample,
and the result compared with a colour scale. In the case of
turbid or coloured water, an indicator strip shall be left in
the sample until its colour ceases to change. The result
shall be compared with a colour scale that is graduated in
units of at least 0,5 pH.
Alternatively, a pH meter with measuring cell may be used,
with due consideration being given to the requirements
specified in subclause 5.2.2.
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Total hardness
Three drops of proprietary 'total hardness indicator solu-
tion'shall be added to a 5 ml aliquot of the untreatedwater
sample. The mixture thus obtained shall be titrated by add-
ing standard EDTA (sodium salt of ethylenedinitriloacetic
acid) solution by drops until the colour changes from red to
green.The concentration of the EDTA solution shall be such
that the hardness can be calculated from the number of
drops in mg of Ca0 per litre.
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4.4.2 Temporary hardness
Three drops of proprietary ‘carbonate indicator SOlUtiOn’
shall be added to a 5 m i aliquot of the untreated water
sample. The mixture thus obtained shall be titrated by
adding standard hydrochloric acid solution by drops until
the colour changes from blue through grey to red.The con-
centration of the hydrochloric acid solution shall be such
that the temporary hardness can be calculated from the
number of drops in mg of Ca0 per litre.
4.5 Magnesium content
One drop of the untreatedwater sample shall be taken with
a dropping pipette, and after diluting in two steps to a
volume of 5 mi with magnesium buffer solution, magnesium
reagent solution (Mann and Yoe reagent [SI)shall be added.
This will produce a red dyestuff and the Mg2+ions content
of the water can be determined in mg of Mg2+ions per litre
by comparison with a colour scale, or in mmoilm3 after
multiplying by 41.4.
4.6 Ammonium and ammonia contents
Ten drops of sodium hydroxide solution shall be added to a
5 mi aliquot of the untreated water sample and the mixture
shall be shaken. Indicator paper containing Nessler’s rea-
gent shall be immersed in this mixture. In the presence of
ammonium ions andlor ammonia, “3, a yellowish brown
colourwill be produced which shall be compared with a col-
our scale after ten secondS.This yields the total content of
ammonium and ammonia in the water in mg of “4’ ions
per litre, or in mmoilm3 after multiplying by 554.
4.7 Sulfate content
A 5 mi aliquot of the untreated watersample shall be taken
and the pH value adjusted, if necessary, to values between
4 and 8. sodium acetate being used if the pH value is below
4 and ascorbic acid if it is above 8.
To determine the sulfate content, indicator paper contain-
ing bariumchloride and thorin shall be immersed in the pre-
pared sample. If sulfate is present, the indicator paper will
become bright red to yellow in about two minutes. The sul-
fate content can be determined in mg of S042- ions per
litre by comparison with the colour scale provided, or In
mmoilm3 after multiplying by 10,4.
Should the indicator paper turn orange or brown, thls is an
indication that the determination was not carried out
properly. This shall be recorded and the determination
repeated using the detailed method (cf. subclause 5.2.7).
4.8 Chloride content
Two drops of diphenylcarbazone indicator solution shall be
added to a 5 mi aliquot of the untreated sample. After add-
ing nitric acid to this mixture until the colour changes from
blue to yellow, mercury(l1)nitrate shall be added dropwise
whilst shaking the mixture until the colour changes from
yellow to violet. The concentration of the mercury(I1) ni-
trate solution shall be such that the number of drops multi-
plied by 25 gives the chloride content in mg of Ci- ions per
litre, or in mmoilm3 after multiplying by 28,2.
4.9 Lime-dissolving capacity
The water sample, with calcium carbonate powder added,
shall be conditioned for not less than 15 minutes at the tem-
perature the sample had during collection. Following this,
any excess calcium carbonate shall be filtered off, and
three drops of ‘carbonate indicator solution’ (cf. subclause
4.4.2) be added to a 5 m l aliquot of the filtrate.The mixture
shall then be titrated by adding hydrochloric acid by drops
as in subclause 4.4.2 until the colour changes from blue
through grey to red. The lime-dissolving capacity, C,in mg
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DIN 4030 Part 2 Page 5
of Ca0 per litre, shall be calculated using the following
equation:
C =f i * ( A- B * f 2 )
where
A is the number of drops used in determiningthe tem-
porary hardness as described in subclause 4.4.2;
B is the number of drops used in determiningthe lime-
dissolving capacity;
fl, f2 are factors specified by the producer of the hy-
drochloric acid used.
The lime-dissolving capacity, C, in mg of Ca0 per litre,
shall be converted into the concentration of lime-dissolving
carbonic acid, in mg of CO2 per litre, by multiplying
by 1,5696.
5 Detailed method (for both water and soil
samples)
5.1 General information
The detailed method is a laboratory method, mainly in-
tended to be used for arbitration purposes in cases where
the rapid method yields unsatisfactoryresults. For detailed
instructions,see [5].In these instructions,the symbol %de-
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notes percentage by mass unless otherwise specified.
The results of the pH value measurement and the determi-
nation of hardness shall be expressed to one decimal
place, the other results being given to the nearest integer.
The results shall be entered in the relevant test report form
(cf. appendix B or C).
5.2 Water samples
5.2.1 Odour
The odour (e.g. earthy, musty, putrid) gives an indication of
whether the water contains dihydrogen sulfide, sulfides or
organic compounds. It shall be assessed both before
treatment and after acidification with a phosphoricacid so-
lution (prepared by adding 100 m i of 850 g l i phosphoric
acid, H3P04, made up to 1i with water).
5.2.2 pH value
The pH value of the untreated sample shall be determined
using a calibrated pH meter. Provided the temperature dur-
ing measurement does not differ from that prevailing at the
point of collection by more than 10 K,the variation in the ac-
tual pH value with temperature will be negligible.
5.2.3 Potassium permanganate consumption
To include sulfide, the potassium permanganate consump-
tion shall be determined using an alkaline filtered aliquot
to which sodium hydroxide solution and a 0,002 molli
potassium permanganate solution shall be added. After
heating the mixture to boiling,acidifyingwith dilute sulfuric
acid, an excess of 0,005moiii sodium oxalate solution
shall be added. The excess shall be back-titrated and the
potassium permanganate consumptionexpressed in mg of
KMn04 per litre, or in g of O2 per m3 after multiplying by
0,25.
5.2.4 Hardness
In reporting the hardness, a distinction is to be made
between the total hardness, the temporary hardness and
the permanent hardness (see last paragraph). It shall be ex-
pressed in mg of Ca0 per litre or in mmoili, with 10mg of
Ca0 per litre corresponding to 0,179mmoili for total
hardness and to 0,357 mmolll for temporary hardness. Per-
manent hardness shall not be expressed in mmoili [il.
To determine the total hardness, a fraction of the water
sample free of additives shall be filtered and a 50 m l to
100 mi aliquot taken. The pH value of this specimen shall
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 Page 6 DIN 4030 Part 2
be adjusted to about 10 using sodium hydroxide solution, or
hydrochloric acid, if necessary. After adding triethanol-
amine solution, potassium cyanide and an indicator buffer
tablet, the mixture shall be titrated with EDTA solution until
the colour changes to green. l h e total hardness Owing to
calcium, magnesium, strontium and barium being present
shall be calculated from the volume of EDTA solution
used.
The temporary hardness shall be calculated from the vol-
ume of 0,1 moll1 hydrochloric acid used to titrate a further
100 m l aliquot of the filtrate electrometrically to a pH value
of 4 3 . If alkali carbonatesare present,the actual temporary
hardness may exceed the total hardness. In such cases, the
temporary hardness defines the total hardness.
The permanent hardness may be obtained as the differ-
ence between the total hardness and the temporary
hardness, expressed in mgll.
5.2.5 Magnesium content
l o determine the magnesium content, a 100 m l aliquot of
the filtrate as in subclause 5.2.4adjusted to a pH value of
more than 12,5shall be titrated with EDTA solution using
calconcarboxylic acid as indicator. Since the result also
includes calcium, strontium and barium, the volume of
EDTA solution used, expressed in ml, shall be subtracted
from the volume used in determining the hardness.
The difference yields the magnesium content in mg of Mg2+
ions per litre, or in mmol of Mg2+ions per m3 after multiply-
ing by 41,4.
5.2.6 Ammonium and ammonia contents
A quantitative determination of ammonium and ammonia
will only be required if the total content of ammonium ions
and ammonia exceeds a value of 10 mg of NH4+ ions per
litre or 554 mmol of NH4+ ions per m3.Whether this is the
case can be determined first by carrying out a semi-quanti-
tative analysis. For this purpose, Nessler's reagent shall be
added to a 100 m i unfiltered aliquot and the yellowish brown
colour produced in the presence of ammonium and ammo-
nia compared with that of a reference solution containing
10mg of NH4+ions per litre. If the colour of the water
sample is more intense than that of the reference solution,
a quantitative determination shall be carried out.
As an alternative, a rapid test as described in subclause 4.6
may be carried out.
Since only the aggressive component of ammonium is to
be determined quantitatively, the ammonia, which does not
attack concrete, shall be removed prior to the determina-
tion from a 500 m l unfiltred aliquot by boiling. After evapo-
rating down do about 250 ml, sodium hydroxide solution
shall be added to the sample in a closed distillation apparat-
us. l h e ammonium shall be distilled as ammonia, collected
in a receivercontaining sulfuric acid and determined acidi-
metrically p].
This determination will also Include degradation products
due to urea and steam-volatile organic amines, which may
also attack concrete. They shall be expressed as a total
along with the ammonium as NH4+ in mg of NH4'ions
per litre, or in mmol of NH4+ions per m3 after multiplying
by 55,4.
5.2.7 Sulfate content
The sulfate content shall be determined gravimetricallyas
barium sulfate using a 100ml unfiltered aliquot of water
free of additives, and expressed in mg of SO.,'- ions per litre,
or in mmd of SO4'- ions per m3 after multiplying by 10,4.
5.2.8 Chloride content
l h e chloride shall be determined by titrating a 50 to 100 m l
unfiltered aliquot of water free of additiveswith mercury(I1)
nitrate solution after acidifying with nitric acid using diphe-
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nylcarbazone as indicator, and the result expressed in mg
of CI- ions per litre, or as mmoi of CI- ions per m3 after
multiplying by 28,2.Iron(ll1) ions in a concentration ex-
ceeding 5 mgll, sulfide and more than 50 mg of carbonate
per litre interfere with this determination.
As an alternative, the chloride may be determined potentio-
metrically using silver nitrate solution.
5.2.9 Ume-dlssolving capacity
The lime-dissolving capacity shall be determined by the
Heyer marble test [8].For this purpose, calcium carbonate
powder (precipitated calcium carbonate powder or marble
powder) shall be added to a 500 ml aliquot of the water
sample when sampling. The sample bottle shall be sealed
and shaken or agitated for not less than two hours, cate
being taken to ensure that the temperature does not vary
by more than 2 K from the temperature measured during
sample collection (cf. subclause 3.2.2). A water bath with
magnetic stirrer (cf. DIN 38404 Part 10)shall be used as a
thermostat.
After the excess calcium carbonate has settled, 100 mi of
the clear supernatant solution shall be titrated electromet-
rically with 0,lmou hydrochloric acid to a pH value of 4,3.
The lime-dissolving capacity, expressed in mg of Ca0 per
litre, is the difference between this result and the volume of
hydrochloricacid used in determining the temporary hard-
ness, multiplied by 14.Multi lication by l7,8gives the con-
L:
tent in mmd of Ca0 per m . The lime-dissolving capacity,
expressed in mg of Ca0 per litre, shall be converted into
the concentration of lime-dissolving carbonic acid, in mg of
CO2 per litre, by multiplying by 1,5696.
5.2.10 Sulfide content
The water sample to which zinc acetate was added during
collection (cf. table 1, line 10) shall be used to determine the
sulfide content. The sulfur bound as sulfide shall be ex-
pelled with hydrochloric acid in a sealed apparatus from
the residue obtained after filtering the water sample and
collected in a receiver containingzinc or cadmium chloride
rendered alkaline with ammonia and determined iodomet-
rically. The sulfide content shall be expressed in mg of
s2- ions per litre, or in mmoi of s2- ions per m3 after muiti-
plying by 31.
5.3 Soil samples
5.3.1 Sample preparation
The soil sample collected as described in subclause 3.3
shall be dried in DIN 50 014-20/65-2 standard atmosphere
to constant mass. Preliminary drying at (105f 5)"C shall
only be permitted for soil samples with a high moisture
content and water retention capacity. The sample shall
then be homogenized and halved using a sample divider to
obtain subsamples, one of which being retained for refer-
ence purposes.
From the other subsample, an aliquot of about 100 g shall
be taken by division,and reduced in size until it completely
passes through a 0,09 mm test sieve as specified in DIN
4188 Part 1. The specimen so obtained shall be used to
determine sulfate as specified in subclause 5.3.3, sulfide as
specified in subclause 5.3.4and chloride as specified in
subclause 5.3.5.The remainder shall be used to determine
the Baumann-Gully acidity (cf. subclause 5.3.2).Prior to
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that, the fines of the soil sample (undersize) shall be
collected by sieving on a 2 mm test sieve as specified in
DIN 4188 Part 1. The oversize shall be weighed and
discarded, the undersize homogenized.
5.3.2 Baumann-Gully acidity
l h e Baumann-Gullyacidity [9] is a measure of the content
of exchangeable hydrogen ions which the humus compo-
nen! of the soil is capable of releasing. 100 g of the undersize
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from the reduced subsample (cf. subclause 5.3.1)shall be
shaken or agitated with 200 m l of 1 molli sodium acetate
solution, CH3COONa, for one hour.This will produce acetic
acid as a result of ion exchange.The suspension shall be fil-
tered through a dry fluted filter, without rinsing. An aliquot
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of the filtrate shall be titrated with sodium hydroxide solu-
tion using phenolphthalein as indicator.
The Baumann-Gully acidity is expressed as the volume of
0,l molli sodium hydroxide required to neutralize the
acetic acid, in mllkg of air-dry soil.
5.3.3 Sulfate content
Concentrated hydrochloric acid shall be added to 10 g of
the subsample reduced as described in subclause 5.3.1.
The mixture shall be heated to boiling and evaporated to
constant mass at 11O OC. The residue shall be moistened
with concentrated hydrochloric acid and taken up in
boiling water. The sulfate in the filtrate from this extract
shall be determined gravimetricallyas barium sulfate and
expressed in mg of SO4'- ions per kg of air-dry soil.
5.3.4 Sulfide content
1 to 5 g of the subsample reduced as described in sub-
clause 5.3.1shall be weighed out. The sulfides present in
the sample shall be expelled as dihydrogen sulfide with
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DIN 4030 Pari 2 Page 7
hydrochloric acid in the presence of metallic chromium
using a sealed apparatus. The dihydrogen sulfide shall be
collected in a receiver containing cadmium chloride solu-
tion rendered alkaline with ammonia, determined iodomet-
rically and expressed as mg of S2- ions per kg of air-dry soil
[lol.
5.3.5 Chloride content
10 g of the subsample reduced as described in subclause
5.3.1shall be weighed out and suspended in about 200 mi
of water. The mixture shall be heated to boiling while stir-
ring and boiled for 15 minuteS.The residue shall be filtered,
rinsing with water, and the filtrate made up to 250 mi. De-
pending on the chloride content, 5 to 100 m i of the solution
obtained shall be acidified with nitric acid and titrated with
0,Olmoil1 mercury(I1) nitrate solution, Hg(N03)2, using di-
phenylcarbazone as indicator. The chloride content shall
be expressed in mg of Ci-ions per kg of air-dry soil.
Alternatively,the chloride may be determined potentiomet-
rically with silver nitrate solution.
6 Test report
Using the appropriate form as shown in appendices A to C,
a test report shall be prepared and submitted to the client.
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Appendix A
Test report specimen form for water analysis (rapid method)
Test report Sampling and rapid test
-
Water analysis Rapld test as in DIN 4030 Part 2

Client: I Job No.:

Designation of project: I Water sample NO.:
Type of water: Description
(e.g. groundwater, surface water or infiltration water) of water:

Point of collection: Sampling depth: m

(e.g. borehole, trial pit or body of water)
Temperature of water: OC I Time of day: I Date of collection:
2 Additional information

Direction of flow: 1 FIOW rate: mis

Water table (or elevation): m Piezometric head: m

Place and date of sampling Sampler

3 Rapid test I 4 Test result

I Requirement
I Requirement
satisfied (yeslno)
,
Appearance (e.g. colourless, slightlylintensely yellowish, Colourless after
clear, turbid, dark) settling
Odour (e.g. no particular odour, Odourless
(untreated sample) putrid, H2S)
Odour (ag. no particular odour, Odourless
(acidified sample) putrid, H2S)
pH value > 6,5
Hardness mgll - -
Temporary hardness mgll - -
Magnesium (Mg2+) mgll < 300 mgll
Ammonium (NH4+) mgll < 15mgll
Suifate content mgll < 200 mgll
Chloride (Ci-) content mgll < 500 mgll
CO2 content mgll < 15mgll

6 Overall assessment

On the basis of the rapid test, the water is (not) deemed to be aggressive t o concrete. The collectior
of a fresh sample and a water analysis as specified in subclause 5.1 of DIN 4030 Part 2 is (not) required.

Analyst Date and place of analysis

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 DIN 4030 Pari 2 Page 9

For users of this standard, this form is not subject to the reproduction restrictions mentioned in the marginal note on page 1.
Appendix B
Test report specimen form for water analysis (detailed method)
Test report Sampling and rapid test
~~~~~ ~
-
Water analysis Detailed test as in DIN 4030 Part 2

1 General information
Client: Job NO.:
Designation of project: Water sample No.:

Type of water: Description

(e.g. groundwater, surface water or infiltration water) of water:

Point of collection:
Sampling depth: m
(e.g. borehole, trial pit or body of water)
Temperature of water: OC I Time of day: I Date of collection:
2 Additional information
Direction of flow: I FIOW rate: mls
Water table (or elevation): m I Piezometric head: m
Description of local conditions:
(e.g. residential area, industrial site, dumping site, tip, arable land, woodland)

Place and date of sampling Sampler

3 Water analysis I 4 Degree of aggressiveness (cf. DIN 4030 Part 1)')
Parameter checked Test result Low High I Extremely high
Appearance - - -
Odour (untreated sample) I I - I - I -
I I - I - I -

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Odour (acidified sample)
pH value I I 63 to 5 5 I < 5 5 to 43 I < 43
KMn04 consumption I - I - I -

Temporary hardness I mgll I - I - I -

Permanent hardness mgll - - -

Magnesium (Mg*+) mgll 300 t o 1000 > 1000 to 3000 > 3000 mgll
Ammonium (NH4+) mgll 15 to 30 > 30 to 60 > 60mgll
Suifate content mgll 200 to 600 > 600 to 3000 > 3000 mgll
Chloride (Ci-) content mgll - - -
CO2 content mgll 15 to 40 > 40 to 100 > 100mgli
Sulfide (S2-) content mgll - - -

The water is of lowlhighlextremely high aggressiveness to concrete.

The water is not aggressive to concrete.

Place and date of analysis Analyst Laboratory

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 Page 10 DIN 4030 Pari 2

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Appendix C
Test report specimen form for soil analysis
Sampling and analysis
rest report for soil analysis as in DIN 4030 Pari 2
I

1 General Information
Client: 1 Job No.:
Designation of project: I soil sample NO.:
Type of soil: Designation of soil:

Point of collection: Depth of recovery: m

(e.g. borehole, trial pit) Sample mass: kg
Time of day: Date of collection:
Description of local conditions:
(e.g. residential area, industrial site, dumping site, tip, arable land, woodland)

Place and date of sampling Sampler

Parameter checked I Test result I 2 Degree of aggressiveness

Low High
Baumann-Gully acidity mllkg > 200 -

Suifate (SO,*-) content mglkg 2000 to 5000 > 5000

Sulfide (Ei2-) content mglkg - 1) -
Chloride (CI-) content mglkg I - -

3 Overall assessment

The soil is of lowlhigh aggressiveness to concrete.

The soil is not aggressive to concrete.

Place and date of analysis Analyst Laboratory

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 DIN 4030 Part 2 Page 11

Standards and other documents referred to

DIN 1045 Structural use of concrete; design and construction
DIN 4021 Subsoil; exploration by digging (trial pits) and boring and by sample recovery
DIN 4030 Part 1 Assessment of water, soil and gases for their aggressivenessto concrete; principles and limiting values
DIN 4188 Part 1 Sieving media; woven wire sieving media for test sieves; dimensions
DIN 12116 Determination of acid resistance (gravimetric method) of glass and its classification into acid classes
DIN 38404 Part 10 German standard methods for the analysis of water, waste water and sludge; physical and physico-

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chemical parameters (group C); calcium carbonate saturation of water (C 10)
DIN 50014 Artificial climates in technical applications; standard atmospheres

Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung(German standard methods for the
examination of water, waste water and sludge), Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1986.
HÖII, K., in collaboration with Carlson, S., Lüdemann, D., and Rüffer, H. Wasser (Water), Berlin, New York: Verlag
W. de Gruyter, 1986
VDI-Handbuch Reinhaltung der Luft (VDI Handbook on air pollution control), volumes 1.4 and 5, Berlin: Beuth-Verlag
GmbH.
Knöfel, D. and Rechenberg,W. Prüfung betonangreifender Wässer mit Schnellverfahren(Testing of water aggressive to
concrete by rapid methods) (in preparation).
Rechenberg,W. and Siebel, E. ChemischerAngriff auf Beton (Chemical attack on concrete), Schrifîenreihe der Zement-
industrie (in preparation)
Mann, C. K. and Yoe, J. H., Spectrophotometric determination of magnesium with l-azo-2-hydroxy-3-(2.4-dimethyl-
carboxanalidonaphthalene)-l'-(2-hydroxybenzene).Anal. Chim. Acta, 1957:16, 155-160.
Rechenberg,W. Die Bestimmung von Ammonium in Wasser (Determination of ammonium in water). Korresp.Abwasser,
1985:32 (7)618-622.
Heyer, C. Ursache und Beseitigung des Bleiangriffs durch Leitungswasser, chemische Untersuchungen aus AnlaB der
DessauerBleivergiftungen im Jahre 7886 (Cause and elimination of the attack of lead contained in tap water; chemical
analyses following the Dessau lead poisonings in 1886),Dessau: Verlagsbuchhandlung Paul Baumann. 1888.
Gessner, H. Vorschrift zur Untersuchung von Böden auf Zementgefährlichkeit (Procedure for examining soil for its ag-
gressivenessto cement). Report No. 29 issued by the Eidgenössische Materialprüf- und Versuchsanstalt (Swiss Mate-
rials Testing Institute), Zürich, 1928
Rechenberg,W. Die Bestimmung von Sulfid (Determination of sulfide), Zement-Kalk-Gips,1980:33,(3)126-131.

Previous editions
DIN 4030:09.54.11.69.

Amendments
l h e following amendments have been made to DIN 4031,November 1969 edition.
a) The standard has been subdivided into two Parts, one dealing with principles and limiting values (Part 1) and the other with
the collection and analysis of water and soil samples (Part 2).
b) A rapid method for examining water samples has been included.
c) l h e specifications regarding analytical procedures have been rearranged and updated.

Explanatory notes
This standard is a distinct departure from DIN 4030.Novem-
ber 1969 edition, in that it summarizes the specifications
relating to the methods of taking water and soil samples
and to the examinations to be carried out. It now permits
water samples to be examined and assessed on site by a
rapid method, a general description of which has been
included. If the water is deemed not to be aggressive to
concrete (cf. figure l), the more extensive testing involved
in the detailed method may be dispensed with, which saves
both time and money.
To simplify the recording of test results, specimen forms
have been included.
l h e principles of the rapid and detailed methods covered in
this standard are supplemented by extensive instructions
on the procedures to be followed, which are t o be pub-
lished in relevant scientific journals. l h e actual articles
are kept on file at the Deutscher AusschuB für Stahlbeton,
Berlin.
l h e rapid method includes an array of criteria for assessing
the degree of aggressiveness of water. The permanent
hardness of water is not a criterion, however, since it can be
said that a soft water (containing less than 30 mg of Ca0
per litre) will attack dense concrete as specified in
DIN 1045 only if other aggressive substances are present.
For the rapid method. a maximum CI-ions content of
500 mg per litre has been established, since water contain-
ing higher amounts of chloride is likelyto contain unaccept-
able amounts of other aggressive substances, in which
case a detailed examination and an expert's report are
required.
l h e method of determining the lime-dissolving capacity
of water is essentially the same as that described in

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I Page 12 DIN 4030 Part 2

DIN 38 404 Part 10. However,the Ks4,3value specified there
has been adopted instead of the alkalinityto methyl orange
used in DIN 4030.The lime-dissolvingcapacity, in mg Ca0
per litre, is converted using a factor and simply expressed
as the concentration of lime-dissolvingcarbonic acid in mg
of CO2 per litre. Most national and international empirical
data available characterizing the long-term behaviour of
concrete in aggressive water are based on the determina-
tion of the lime-dissolving carbonic acid content by the
Heyer marble test.The conversion has been providedfor to
establish a relationship between the values obtained here
and those data.
Determination of the potassium permanganate consump-
tion of water has not been included in the rapid method be-
cause it is highly complex and can only be carried out in the
laboratory.

International Patent Classification

C 02 F 1/00
E 02 D 1/04
E 02 D 1/06
G O1 N 33/18
G 01 N 33/38

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