BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

13036-6:2008

Road and airfield

surface
characteristics —
Test methods —
Part 6: Measurement of transverse
and longitudinal profiles in the
evenness and megatexture
wavelength ranges

ICS 93.080.10; 93.120

12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS EN 13036-6:2008

National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13036-6:2008.

The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/510, Road materials, to Subcommittee B/510/5, Surface characteristics.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.

This British Standard was Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and
Strategy Committee Date Comments
on 30 June 2008

© BSI 2008

ISBN 978 0 580 56378 2

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 13036-6
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2008

ICS 93.080.10; 93.120

English Version

Road and airfield surface characteristics - Test methods - Part 6:

Measurement of transverse and longitudinal profiles in the
evenness and megatexture wavelength ranges

Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aérodromes - Oberflächeneigenschaften von Straßen und Flugplätzen -
Méthodes d'essais - Partie 6 : Mesure de profils Prüfverfahren - Teil 6: Bestimmung der Quer- und
transversaux et longitudinaux dans le domaine de Längsprofile in den Wellenlängen der Ebenheit und der
longueurs d'onde correspondant à l'uni et à la mégatexture Megatextur

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 February 2008.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13036-6:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
BS EN 13036-6:2008
EN 13036-6:2008 (E)

Contents Page

Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................5
2 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................5
3 Equipment performance classification ...............................................................................................7
3.1 General....................................................................................................................................................7
3.2 Travelled distance accuracy of longitudinal and/or transverse profiling ........................................8
3.3 Vertical sensor resolution of longitudinal profiling ...........................................................................8
3.4 Acquisition sampling interval of longitudinal profiling .....................................................................8
3.5 Reporting sampling interval of longitudinal profiling........................................................................9
3.6 Large wavelength cut-off (-3dB) of longitudinal profiling .................................................................9
3.7 Vertical resolution of transverse profiling ..........................................................................................9
3.8 Acquisition sampling interval of transverse profiling .......................................................................9
3.9 Acquisition repetition interval of transverse profiling.......................................................................9
3.10 Reporting repetition interval of transverse profiling .........................................................................9
3.11 Transverse gradient measurement accuracy of transverse profiling ..............................................9
4 Procedures of measurement ..............................................................................................................10
4.1 Methods for measurement of profiles ...............................................................................................10
4.2 Operational guidelines ........................................................................................................................10
4.3 Field testing..........................................................................................................................................11
4.4 Equipment maintenance and repair...................................................................................................13
5 Report ...................................................................................................................................................14
5.1 Calibration report.................................................................................................................................14
5.2 Survey report........................................................................................................................................14
6 Safety ....................................................................................................................................................15
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................16

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 BS EN 13036-6:2008
EN 13036-6:2008 (E)

Foreword
This document (EN 13036-6:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2008.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

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BS EN 13036-6:2008
EN 13036-6:2008 (E)

Introduction
This European Standard details the criteria for classifying profilometers according to profiling capabilities as
well as the procedures for measuring transverse and longitudinal profiles in the evenness and megatexture
wavelength ranges, independent of the test method and the equipment used.

The requirements regarding the performance of the measurement shall be independent of the measurement
method used. This basic principle permits the development of new technologies and a variety of measurement
devices without the need to modify this standard.

This European Standard is restricted to requirements about measurement specifications (e.g. accuracy,
resolution, wavelength range).

Compliance with the requirements and classifications outlined in this standard will result in a geometrical
representation of a profile intended to be used for research purposes or for further analysis aiming at
summary indices for transverse profiles and/or longitudinal profiles in the evenness and megatexture
wavelength ranges.

Evenness of pavements is important for reasons of safety, comfort and behaviour of vehicles, (pay)loads, road
and bridge constructions, fuel consumption, etc.

Evenness demands are related to the speed limits, the kind of traffic, the climatic conditions, the accepted
comfort limits, etc.

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 BS EN 13036-6:2008
EN 13036-6:2008 (E)

1 Scope
This European Standard establishes the minimum requirements and criteria for classification and
measurement procedures with profiling devices, designed for the measurement of transverse and/or
longitudinal profiles in the unevenness and megatexture wavelength ranges. Recommendations for
verification and calibration are included.

Profiling devices are equipment to measure evenness of pavements in the longitudinal and/or in the
transverse direction of the pavement.

Highway agencies, airfield authorities, equipment manufacturers, and other organizations can use this
standard to define the measuring capabilities of survey equipment that collects the data necessary to
characterize surface conditions.

Evenness measurements can be performed by means of static or dynamic devices. The standard includes
high-speed, low-speed, and stationary equipment.

NOTE A dynamic measurement is a measurement executed out of a device running in the normal traffic flow at the
accepted minimum speed or at higher speed (high-speed).

2 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

2.1
longitudinal profile
intersection between the pavement surface and a conventional reference plane perpendicular to the pavement
surface and parallel to the lane direction

2.2
transverse profile
intersection between the pavement surface and a reference plane perpendicular to the pavement surface and
to the lane direction

2.3
wavelength
distance between periodically repeated parts of a sinusoidal curve

2.4
unevenness
deviation of a pavement surface from a true filtered planar surface in a wavelength range of 0,5 m to 50 m

2.5
megatexture
deviation of a pavement surface from a filtered true planar surface in a wavelength range of 50 mm to 500 mm

2.6
profiling
method in which a measurement of a pavement surface profile is recorded for subsequent analysis. The
profile data are used for calculating certain mathematically defined parameters

2.7
crossfall
transverse gradient across a section or full width of a pavement measured perpendicular to the centre line

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EN 13036-6:2008 (E)

NOTE Crossfall can be expressed as a percentage, a ratio (e.g. 1 in 30) or as an angle to the horizontal. By
convention, it is positive when the right end of the profile is lower than its left end.

2.8
surface line
angle between the horizontal and a line touching the surface at a point to the left of the left wheel path and a
point to the right of the right wheel path

2.9
regression line
angle between the horizontal and the regression straight line through the transverse road profile defined by at
least seven measurement points spaced across that profile

2.10
rut bottom line
angle between the horizontal and a line touching the bottoms of the left and right wheel paths defined by three
measurement points

2.11
design crossfall
represents the crossfall of the desired transverse profile

2.12
constructed crossfall
represents the best straight line through the new constructed transverse profile

2.13
actual crossfall
represented by one of the three definitions (see 2.8, 2.9 or 2.10)

NOTE It should be specified in the report which definition has been used.

2.14
test track
road section or special track where the tests are carried out, identified by a code

EXAMPLE Section P

2.15
test section
part of a pavement surface containing lane(s) with known geometrical data

2.16
calibration section
test section with known surface geometry

2.17
reference profile
digitised geometric description of a longitudinal or transversal road profile obtained by means of a profiling
method with well-known reliability accuracy better than the one requested for the corresponding class of
dynamic profilometers

2.18
accuracy
closeness of the agreement between the result of a measurement and a true value of the measured

2.19
travelled distance accuracy
maximum relative error in percent on the measurement of the distance travelled by the measuring vehicle

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EN 13036-6:2008 (E)

2.20
transverse gradient measurement accuracy
maximum absolute error on the determination of the transverse slope of the agreed gradient reference system

2.21
vertical resolution (longitudinal and transversal)
smallest difference in elevation that can be detected

2.22
horizontal resolution (longitudinal and transversal)
smallest horizontal distance over which a change in elevation can be detected

2.23
longitudinal acquisition sampling interval
distance between two consecutive data points in a discrete longitudinal profile measurement

2.24
transversal acquisition sampling interval
distance between two consecutive data points in a discrete transversal profile measurement in transverse
direction (sensor spacing)

NOTE If the distances between the sensors are not equal, the mean value is calculated.

2.25
reporting sampling interval (longitudinal and transversal)
distance corresponding to the interval between two consecutive reported measurement results

2.26
acquisition repetition interval (transversal)
travelled distance between two consecutive transverse profile measurements

2.27
reporting repetition interval (transversal)
distance corresponding to the longitudinal interval between two consecutive reported measurement results of
transverse profiles

2.28
operator
person responsible for the execution of the measurement

3 Equipment performance classification

3.1 General

The classification of equipment is expressed as a code (see Table 1).

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BS EN 13036-6:2008
EN 13036-6:2008 (E)

Table 1 — Classification of equipment

Character position Description Example

1 Class of travelled distance accuracy 1
2 Longitudinal profiling L
3 Class of longitudinal vertical resolution 1
4 Class of longitudinal acquisition sampling interval 1
5 Class of longitudinal reporting sampling interval 2
6 Class of large wavelength cut-off 1
7 Transverse profiling T
8 Class of transversal vertical resolution 2
9 Class of transversal acquisition sampling interval 1
10 Class of acquisition repetition interval 2
11 Class of transversal reporting repetition interval 1
12 Class of transverse gradient measurement accuracy 2

The Code of the example would be: 1L1121T21212

If the device is measuring the longitudinal or the transversal profile then only that part of the classification is
used.

The examples are: 1L1121 or 1T21212

3.2 Travelled distance accuracy of longitudinal and/or transverse profiling

Class 1 ≥ 0,05 %;

Class 2 < 0,05 % but ≥ 0,2 %;

Class 3 < 0,2 % but ≥ 0,5 %.

3.3 Vertical sensor resolution of longitudinal profiling

Class 1 ≤ 0,2 mm;

Class 2 > 0,2 mm and ≤ 0,5 mm;

Class 3 > 0,5 mm and ≤ 1,5 mm.

3.4 Acquisition sampling interval of longitudinal profiling

Class 1 ≤ 50 mm;

Class 2 > 50 mm and ≤ 125 mm;

Class 3 >125 mm and ≤ 250 mm.

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 BS EN 13036-6:2008
EN 13036-6:2008 (E)

3.5 Reporting sampling interval of longitudinal profiling

Class 1 ≤ 100 mm;

Class 2 > 100 mm but ≤ 250 mm;

Class 3 > 250 mm but ≤ 500 mm.

3.6 Large wavelength cut-off (-3dB) of longitudinal profiling

Class 1 ≥ 100 m;

Class 2 < 100 m but ≥ 50 m;

Class 3 < 50 m but ≥ 10 m.

3.7 Vertical resolution of transverse profiling

Class 1 ≤ 0,2 mm;

Class 2 > 0,2 mm but ≤ 0,5 mm;

Class 3 > 0,5 mm but ≤ 1,5 mm.

3.8 Acquisition sampling interval of transverse profiling

Class 1 ≤ 75 mm;

Class 2 > 75 mm but ≤ 150 mm;

Class 3 > 150 mm but ≤ 350 mm.

3.9 Acquisition repetition interval of transverse profiling

Class 1 ≤ 1 m;

Class 2 > 1 m but ≤ 5 m;

Class 3 > 5 m but ≤ 10 m.

3.10 Reporting repetition interval of transverse profiling

Class 1 ≤ 5 m;

Class 2 > 5 m but ≤ 10 m;

Class 3 > 10 m but ≤ 20 m.

3.11 Transverse gradient measurement accuracy of transverse profiling

Class 1 ≤ ± 0,15 %;

Class 2 > ± 0,15 % but ≤ ± 0,30 %,

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BS EN 13036-6:2008
EN 13036-6:2008 (E)

Class 3 > ± 0,30 % but ≤ ± 0,60 %.

4 Procedures of measurement

4.1 Methods for measurement of profiles

4.1.1 Methods of profiling

Any device able to obtain a real profile is valid for profiling if it satisfies the objective of the measurements.

4.1.2 Selection according to the objective of the measurements

The selection of the valid method and requirements for the measurement shall be in accordance with the
intended result of the surface evaluation. The minimum profile accuracy required with respect to the objective
of the measurement shall be included in specifications for the measurement.

4.2 Operational guidelines

4.2.1 Field operations

4.2.1.1 Some devices require a certain measurement speed and that speed shall be kept constant for the
entire test section. Most modern high-speed profilometers do not require a constant speed, but the speed
shall be kept in the required speed limits.

4.2.1.2 During profile data collection event marks have to be used to initiate data acquisition. It could be
an automated operation or an operator activity. A permanent reference point near the starting point on the
side of the pavement (e.g. a road sign, a tree) have to be used for consistency. Several practice runs may be
needed for data acquisition by a non automated method.

4.2.1.3 In some instances, inclement weather (rain, snow, lightning, humidity and heavy cross winds)
may interfere with the acquisition of acceptable data. In general, profile measurements should not be
conducted on wet pavements, particularly in the presence of pools of water, especially when displacement
measuring lasers are used. In these circumstances, run-to-run variations and potential data “spikes” should be
closely watched.

In some cases changing reflectivity of drying pavements due to differences in brightness of the pavement
(light and dark areas) will provide results inconsistent with data collected on uniform (dry) pavements
(dropouts). The results shall be reported and considered as invalid.

4.2.1.4 In some instances, electromagnetic radiation from radar or radio transmitters will interfere with
operations and data recording. The results shall be reported and considered as invalid.

4.2.1.5 If, during testing, the operator experiences unclear data collection, the test has to be ceased and
the cause should be identified. If the variation is due to equipment problems, the problem should be corrected.
If the distortions are due to causes beyond the operator’s control, such as radar interferences or low sun angle,
the operator should decide whether to proceed with testing or await more favourable conditions.

4.2.1.6 Data identification rules are important so that all personnel will be able to understand where the
data are taken.

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 BS EN 13036-6:2008
EN 13036-6:2008 (E)

4.3 Field testing

4.3.1 Test preparation

Collection of profile data is the primary responsibility of the operator. The procedures to be followed each day
prior to and during data collection with respect to daily checks of the device, start-up procedures, setting up
the software for data collection and using the software for field data collection are briefly described in the
following sections.

4.3.2 Daily checks

4.3.2.1 General

The operator shall use a daily check list to check the device.

4.3.2.2 Static and stationary devices

All the elements used in the measurements shall satisfy the minimum accuracy and resolution of the profile
according to the final objective and the specifications of Clause 4 of this European Standard.

Instrument readings are typically recorded by writing field notes. Due to the large number of individual
measurements involved in this test method, it is critical to eliminate as many sources of human error as
possible. Standardized field forms with the longitudinal distances printed shall be used. The field forms shall
complement the display of the computer screen when the numbers are typed into the computer.

4.3.2.3 Automobile mounted units

Equipment, which has an effect on the riding quality of the vehicle and the instrumentation, shall be inspected
prior to the initiating of the testing.

The operation instructions of the device shall be observed.

4.3.2.4 Trailer mounted units

These units eliminate some of the variables of the Automobile mounted units.

Equipment which has an effect on the riding quality of the vehicle and the instrumentation shall be inspected
prior to the initiating of the testing.

The operation instructions of the device shall be observed.

4.3.3 Device use

All the devices shall be used according to the specifications of the manufacturer.

4.3.4 Calibration checks

The calibration of the devices shall be carried out in accordance with an adequate procedure.

All the elements which intervene in the profile measurement (displacement sensors, accelerometers,
encoders, physical properties of the supports, etc.) shall be calibrated according to the manufacturer’s
specifications and in proper installations.

Prior to calibration caution shall be exercised in order to ensure proper operation of all electronic and
mechanical equipment.

Calibrations outside the proper installation shall be avoided.

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EN 13036-6:2008 (E)

4.3.5 Header information

Before testing, the operator has to go through a series of header forms and input data relevant to that section,
device, conditions of measurement and settings.

4.3.5.1 Measurement device data

 type of device;

 last calibration date;

 method of calibration;

 classification of the profilometer according to Clause 7.

4.3.5.2 Measured values

 units;

 spacing interval between consecutive data of the profile;

 filtering data;

 evenness parameter or indicator (optional).

4.3.5.3 Field report

 location and identification of test section;

 date and time;

 ambient temperature;

 climate condition (e.g. wind, fog );

 traffic conditions (if relevant);

 type of pavement and condition;

 lane and direction tested;

 transverse position of the device for the measurements;

 speed of test vehicle;

 operator(s);

 events key table.

4.3.6 Test sections

Measurement requirements, the selected evenness parameter or indicator and the device’s capabilities will
require a minimum test section length. The length of such a test section shall not be shorter than 200 m. Each
lane shall be considered as a separate test section. The surface shall be free of detritus prior to testing. The
lateral position of the device shall be defined prior to measuring. Normally, measuring will be carried out in the
wheelpaths.

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EN 13036-6:2008 (E)

4.3.7 Test speed and temperature

Test speeds and ambient temperature shall fall within the ranges covered by the calibration procedure
respectively the manufacturer’s specifications.

4.3.8 Data collection procedure

The profile measurements shall be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer
of the measurement device to be used.

The computed profile shall be recorded at adequate intervals for accurate representation of the travelled
surface for the intended use of the data. The sampling frequency shall be twice or higher than the upper
frequency of interest. In practice it shall be chosen slightly higher than twice as minimum. The upper filter
frequency depends upon the intended use of the profile.

In the case of longitudinal profiling where two or more paths of travelled surface are measured, the recorded
profile data for the paths shall be recorded simultaneously to ensure there will be no longitudinal displacement
between them. This requirement is not necessary if the analysis to be used is independent of the wheel tracks
(for example, only quarter car analysis used).

4.3.9 Faulty check

Any observable difference between the measured profiles of the left and right wheel tracks that cannot be
attributed to actual differences in the roadway mandate a repeat measurement. Any observable differences
between the two identical runs, other than differences due to differences in the paths that were measured,
indicate an equipment problem and invalidate the tests.

4.4 Equipment maintenance and repair

4.4.1 General operations

The responsibility for proper equipment maintenance and repair decisions should be based on the testing
schedule. Maintenance activities should be performed prior to operational actions.

After any maintenance or repair activity the device should be calibrated if necessary or at least checked at a
calibration site.

4.4.2 Routine maintenance

Routine maintenance includes work that can be easily performed with minimal disassembly of the equipment
by the operator. The daily checklist must include a list of maintenance activities to be performed every day.
The corresponding instructions of the operating manual of the device shall be observed.

4.4.3 Scheduled major preventive maintenance

Scheduled major preventive maintenance services will include much more than the routine checks. This
service will require some disassembly of the equipment and will require capabilities beyond the skill of the
operators and will usually require a later calibration.

The interval between two consecutive maintenance measures will depend of the use of the device, but will not
be more than two years.

4.4.4 Unscheduled maintenance

These are unscheduled repairs. These repairs, usually, will require a later calibration.

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EN 13036-6:2008 (E)

5 Report

5.1 Calibration report

a) Administrative data shall contain:

 name of the calibration organisation and responsible reporter;

 name of the owner of the device;

 name of the operator or operating team of the device;

 name, type and serial number of the device;

 registration of the last calibration.

b) Technical data shall contain:

 test track or test section and location;

 formulation of the task;

 method of calibration;

 description of the test set-up;

 the time schedule;

 the climatic conditions;

 deviations of the execution of the set-up and/or the analysis.

c) Results shall contain:

 reference to the used data set and its labelling;

 example of the calculation in accordance with the used method for a chosen profile;

 classification of the device for the different performances.

d) The reports may be supported by figures, drawings, etc.

5.2 Survey report

After the measurement the acquired data shall be added to the header described in 4.3.5.

The data included at the report (usually a computer file) would be:

 Profile(s) data. Corrected and filtered elevation data and, if spacing is not constant, corresponding
distances from the origin for every data point. The data represent heights already corrected and filtered.

 events associated with distances to origin;

 evenness parameter or indicator (optional).

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EN 13036-6:2008 (E)

6 Safety
Proper safety precautions for the traffic in the surrounding of the test section have to be observed.

The test vehicle, as well as attachments to it, shall comply with the country regulations. Precautions imposed
by law shall be taken to ensure the safety of the operating personnel and the public.

National, regional and local safety standards shall be observed during any measurement operation.

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EN 13036-6:2008 (E)

Bibliography

[1] PIARC (1987): “Optimization of Surface Characteristics”. Report to the XVIIIth World Road Congress
1987 in Brussels, Belgium, from the Technical Committee on Surface Characteristics, World Road
Association (PIARC) (formerly the Permanent International Association of Road Congress), Paris.

[2] ASTM Standard E 867-97: “Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems”

[3] ASTM Standard E 950-98(2004): “Standard Test Method for Measuring the Longitudinal Profile of
Travelled Surfaces with an Accelerometer Established Inertial Profiling Reference”.

[4] ASTM Standard E 1170-97(2004): “Standard Practices for Simulating Vehicular Response to
Longitudinal Profiles of Travelled Surfaces”

[5] ASTM Standard E 1364-95(2005): “Standard Test Method for Measuring Road Roughness by Static
Level Method”.

[6] ASTM Standard E 1489-98(2003): “Standard Practice for Computing Ride Number of Roads from
Longitudinal Profile Measurements Made by an Inertial Profile Measuring Device”.

[7] ASTM Standard E 1500-93: “Standard Practice for Computing Mean Square Numerics from Road
Surface Profile Records”. Note: this standard was withdrawn in 1998

[8] ISO 8608:1995, Mechanical vibration - Road surface profiles - Reporting of measured data

[9] EN ISO 13473-1, Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles - Part 1:
Determination of Mean Profile Depth (ISO 13473-1:1997)

[10] EN 13036-8, Road and airfield surface characteristics – Test methods – part 8: Determination of
transverse unevenness indices

[11] World Bank Technical Paper Number 45: “The International Road Roughness Experiment.
Establishing Correlation and a Calibration Standard for Measurements”.

[12] World Bank Technical Paper Number 46: “Guidelines for Conducting and Calibrating Road Roughness
Measurements”.

[13] Guidelines for Longitudinal Pavement Profile Measurement TRB - NCHRP Report 434]1,

[14] FILTER experiment, FEHRL Final Report 2001/1.

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BS EN
13036-6:2008
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