AWS A4.2M Standard Procedures For Calibrating Magnetic Instr

STD-AWS A ' 4 * 2 M / A 4 = 2 - E N t L 179'7 I 0'7842b5 05137b0 1119 m
ANSVAWS A4.2WA4.2: 1997

An American National Standard
Standard Procedures
for Calibrating
Magnetic Instruments
to Measure the Delta
Ferrite Content of
Austenitic and Duplex
Ferritic-Austenitic
Stainless Steel
Weld Metal
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
COPYRIGHT 2003; American Welding Society, Inc. Document provided by IHS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100, User=, 12/27/2003
22:07:32 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document
Policy Group at 1-800-451-1584.
Words-
Key Instrument calibration, delta ferrite, ANSIIAWS
A4.2M/A4.2:1997
stainless steel weld
metal, austenitic An American
National
Standard
stainless weld metal, duplex stainless
weld by Approved
American National Standards Institute
November 6,1997
Standard Procedures for Calibrating

Magnetic Instruments to Measure the
Delta Ferrite Contentof Austenitic and Duplex
Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metal
Supersedes ANSI/AWS A4.2-91

--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Prepared by
AWS Committee on Filler Metals
and The Welding Research Council
Subcommittee on Welding Stainless Steels
Under the Direction of

AWS Technical Activities Committee
Approved by
AWS Board of Directors
Abstract
Calibration procedures are specified for a number of commercial instrumentsthat can thenprovide reproduciblernea-
surements of the ferrite content of austenitic stainless steel weld metals. Certain of these instruments can be further cali-
brated for measurements of the ferrite content of duplex ferritic-austenitic stainless steel weld metals. Calibration with
primary standards (nonmagnetic coating thickness standards from the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technol-
ogy) is the preferred method for appropriate instruments. Alternatively, these and other instruments can be calibrated
with weld-metal-like secondarystandards.
Reproducibility of measurement after calibration is specified. Problems associated with accurate determination of
ferrite content are described.
American Welding Society

550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126
Statement onUse ofAWS Standards
All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American
Welding Society arevoluntary consensus standardsthat have been developed in accordance with the r u l e s of the Ameri-
can National Standards Institute. When AWS standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are
included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmentalbodies, their provisions carry
the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the gov-
ernmental body having statutory jurisdicti6nbefore they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases,
these standards carrythe full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where
this contractual relationship exists, changesin or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agree-
ment between the contracting parties.
International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-534-1
American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126
O 1998 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Note: The primary purpose of AWS is to serve and benefit its members. To this end, AWS provides a forum for the ex-
change, consideration,and discussion of ideas and proposals that are relevant to the welding industry and the consensus
of which forms the basis for these standards. By providing such a forum, AWS does not assume any duties to which a
user of these standardsmay be required to adhere. By publishing this standard, the American Welding Society does not
insure anyone using the information it contains against any liability arising from that use. Publication of a standard by
the American Welding Society does not carry with it any right to make, use, or sell anypatented items. Users of the in-
formation in this standard should make an independent, substantiating investigationof the validity of that information
for their particular use and the patent status of any item referred to herein.
With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered.
However, such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals givingthem. These individuals
do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constituteofficial or unofficial opinions or interpretationsof
AWS. In addition, oral opinionsare informal and should not be used as a substitute foran official interpretation.
This standard issubject to revision at any time by the AWS Committee on Filler Metals. It must be reviewed every five
years and if not revised, it must be either reapproved or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or dele-
tions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requested and should be addressed to
AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful considerationby the AWS Committee on Filler Metals and the
author of the comments will be informed of the Committee’s response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all
meetings of the AWS Committee on Filler Metals to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appealof an ad-
verse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Commit-
tee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL
33 126.
Photocopy Rights
Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educationalclassroom use only, or the internal, personal, or
educational classroom use only of specific clients, is granted by the American Welding Society (AWS) provided that the
appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923; Tel: 508-750-
8400; online: http:\\w.copyright.com
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Personnel
AWS Committee on Filler Metals
R. A. LaFave, Chair ElliottCompany
J. I! Hunr, Ist Vice Chair Consultant
D. A. Fink, 2ndVice Chair The Lincoln Electric Company
H. M. Woodward,Secretary AmericanWelding Society
B. E. Anderson AlcoTec Wire Company
*R. L. Barernun ElectromanufacturasS A
R. S. Brown CarpenterTechnologyCorporation
R.A. Bushey ESAB Weldingand CuttingProducts
J. Caprurola, Jr. Consultant
*L. J. Chrisrensen Consultant
R. J. Christoffel Consultant
D.J. Crement Precision Components Corporation
D. D.Crockerr The Lincoln Electric Company
R. A. Daemen Consultant
D. A. DelSignore Consultant
R. L. Drury III Caterpillar, Incorporated
H. M! Ebert Exxon Research and Engineering Company
J. G.Feldstein Foster Wheeler Energy International
S.E. Ferree ESAB Welding and Cutting Products
L. Flasche Haynes International, lncorporated
C. E. Fuerstenau Alloy Ring Service
G.A. Hallstrom, JI: Hallstrom Consultants
R. B. Kadiyala TechalloyCompany
D.J. Kotecki The Lincoln Electric Company
D.Y Ku American Bureau of Shipping
N. E. Larson Compressed Gas Industries
A. S.Laurenson Consultant
J . S.Lee Chicago BridgeandIron Company,Incorporated
G. H. MacShane MAC Associates
U! A. Marttila Chrysler Corporation
R. Menon Stoody Company
M. T Merlo Select Arc, Incorporated
A. R. Merres Ampco Metal, Incorporated
M.D.Morin ABB Power Generation
C.L. Null Naval SeaSystemsCommand
*Y Ogata Kobe Steel Limited - WeldingDivision
J. J.Payne Consultant
R. L. Peaslee Wall Colmonoy Corporation
E. W Pickering, Jr. Consultant
M. A. Quintana T h e Lincoln Electric Company
*H. E Reid Consultant
*S.D.Reynolds, Jr. Consultant
L. E Roberts Canadian Welding Bureau
Z? K. Salvesen Det Norske Veritas (DNV)
*Advisor
...
111
AWS Committee on Filler Metals (Continued)
J. M. Suwhill, Jr. Newport News Shipbuilding
A. F? Serdler Armco Steel Company
U! S. Severance ESAB Welding and Cutting Products
*W A. Shopp Editorial Consultant
M.S. Sierdzinski ESAB Welding and Cutting Products
*R. G. Sim The Lincoln Electric Company (Australia)
E. R. Stevens Fisher Controls International, Incorporated
*R. U! Straiton Bechtel Corporation
R. A. Sulit Digital Systems Research
R. A. Swain Euroweld, Limited
R. D. Thomas, JK R. D. Thomas and Company
K. I? Thornberry J. W. Harris Company, Incorporated
*R. limerman Conarco SA
*S. Tsutsumi Kobe Steel, Limited-Welding Division
G. J. Qtanovych Mobil Technology Company
T.R. Warren lngalls Shipbuilding, Incorporated
H. D. Wehr Arcos Alloys
* E J. Winsor Consultant
K. G. Wold Siemens Power Corporation .
AWS Subcommittee OD Stainless Steel Filler Metals

D. A. DelSignore, Chair Consultant
H. M. Woodward, Secretary American Welding Society
E S. Babish Sandvik Steel Company
R. S. Brown Carpenter Technology Corporation
*R. J . Christofle1 Consultant
J . G. Feldstein Foster Wheeler Energy Intemational
L. Flasche Haynes International, Incorporated
R. D. Fuchs Böhler Thyssen Welding
J . A. Henning Westinghouse Electric
*J. f? Hunt Consultant
S. Jana Hobart Brothers Company
R. B. Kadiyala Techalloy Company
D. J . Kotecki The Lincoln Electric Company
E B. Lake ESAB Welding and Cutting Products
G. H. MacShane MAC Associates
M. T. Merlo Select Arc, Incorporated
E. U! Pickering, JI: Consultant
*H. E Reid Consultant
**S.I? Sathi Westinghouse Electric Corporation
R. A. Swain Euroweld, Limited
*R. D. Thomas, Jr. R. D. Thomas and Company
*S. Tsursumi Kobe Steel, Limited-Welding Division
H. D. Wehr Arcos Alloys
D. U! Yonker,Jr. National-Standard Company
'Advisor
**Deceased
iv
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
S T D = A W S A'4.2M/A4-2-ENGL L997 E 07842b5 05137b5 7 9 0 111
Foreword
(This Foreword is nota part of ANSIIAWS A4.2M/A4.2:1997,Standard Proceduresfor Calibrating Magnetic Instru-
ments to Measure theDelta Ferrite Content of Austenitic and DuplexFerritic-Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metal, but
is included for information purposesonly.)
This document is a revision of the Standard Procedures for Calibrating Magnetic Instruments to Measure the Delta
Ferrite Content of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metal, first published in 1974 and revised in 1986 and again in 1991.
This revision was by the Subcommittee on Welding Stainless Steel of the Welding Research Council and by the AWS
Committee on Filler Metals. Thecurrent revision is the first to use the SI system of measurement as the primary system,
and updates the standard in the light of new information.
A certain minimum ferrite content in most austenitic stainless steel weld metals is useful in assuring freedom from
microfissures and hot cracks. Upper limits on ferrite content in austenitic stainless steel weld metals can be imposed to
limit corrosion in certain media or to limit embrittlement due to transformation of ferrite to sigma phase during heat
treatment or elevated temperature service. Upper limits on ferrite content in duplex ferritic-austenitic stainless steel weld
metals can be imposed to help assure ductility, toughness, and corrosion resistance in the as-welded condition.
Reproducible quantitative ferrite measurements in stainless steel weld metals are therefore of interest to filler metal
producers, fabricators of weldments, weldment end users, regulatory authorities, and insurance companies.
Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome.They should be sent to the Secretary,
Committee on Filler Metals, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.
Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may be obtained by sending a request, in
writing, to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society. A formal reply will be
issued after i t has been reviewed by the appropriate personnel following established procedures.
V
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
S T D - A W S A4*2M/A4*2-ENGL L777 07842b5 05137bb b27 m
Table of Contents
Page No .
...
Personnel .................................................................................................................................................................... 111
Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................... V
List of Tables ..............................................................................................................................................................
..
v11
List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................................ vii
I . scope ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2. Definitions ............................................................................................................................................................. 1
2.1 Delta Ferrite .................................................................................................................................................. 1
2.2 Draw Filing ................................................................................................................................................... 1
2.3 Ferrite Number (FN) ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2.4 Primary Standards......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.5 Weld-Metal-Like Secondary Standards........................................................................................................ 3
3. Calibration Methods ............................................................................................................................................. 3
3.1 Primary Standards......................................................................................................................................... 3
3.2 Secondary Standards..................................................................................................................................... 4
3.3 Range of Calibration for All Calibration Methods ....................................................................................... 4
4. Calibration of Magne-Gage-Type Instruments ..................................................................................................... 4
4.1 Calibration by Means of Primary Standards................................................................................................. 4
4.2 Calibration by Means of Weld-Metal-Like Secondary Standards................................................................ 8
5. Calibration of FeritscopeslFerritescopes............................................................................................................. 8
5.1 Calibration of Ferritescopes Model FE8-KF by Means of Primary Standards............................................. 8
6. Calibration of Inspector Gages............................................................................................................................. 9
6.1 Calibration by Means of Primary Standards................................................................................................. 9
7. Calibration of Other Instruments........................................................................................................................ 10
7.1 Calibration by Means of Primary Standards............................................................................................... 10
7.2 Calibration by Means of Weld-Metal-Like Secondary Standards.............................................................. 10
8. Use of Calibrated Instruments ............................................................................................................................ 11
8.1 Maintaining Calibration ............................................................................................................................... 11
8.2 Variations in Measurements........................................................................................................................ 11
9. Significant Figuresin Reporting Measurement Results ...................................................................................... 12
9.1 Calibration Data ........................................................................................................................................... 12
9.2 Measurement Data ...................................................................................................................................... 12
Annex
A l . Acknowledgment.............................................................................................................................................. 13
.
A2 Ways of Expressing Ferrite Content ................................................................................................................. 13
A3 . Cautions on the Use of Ferrite Number ............................................................................................................ 14
A4 . Standards for Instrument Calibration ................................................................................................................ 15
A5 . Effect of Ferrite Size, Shape and Orientation ................................................................................................... 15
.
A6 Instruments........................................................................................................................................................ 16
.
A7 Use of Calibrated Instruments......................................................................................................................... 20
AWS Filler Metal Specifications by Material and WeldingProcess .......................................................................... 23
A WS Filler Metal Specifications and Related Documents ......................................................................................... 25
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
vi
List of Tables
Table Page No .
1 Ferrite Numbers (FN) for Primary Standards Calibration of Instruments Using a Magne-Gage
No . 3 Magnet or Equivalent ........................................................................................................................... 2
2 Ferrite Numbers (FN) for Primary Standards for Ferritescope Model FE8-KF Calibration ......................... 3
3 Ferrite Numbers (FN) forPrimary Standards for Inspector Gage Calibration .............................................. 4
4 Maximum Allowable Deviation, Calibration Point to Calibration Curve, for Instruments
being Calibrated with Weld-Metal-Like Secondary Standards...................................................................... 5
5 Tolerance' on the Position of Calibration Points Using Primary Standards ................................................... 8
6 Maximum Allowable Deviation of the Periodic Ferrite Number (FN) Check for Feritscoped
Ferritescopes .................................................................................................................................................. 9
7 Maximum Allowable Deviation of the Periodic Ferrite Number (FN) Check for Inspector Gages............10
8 Maximum Allowable Deviation of the Periodic Ferrite Number (FN) Check for Magne-Gage-Type
Instruments................................................................................................................................................... 11
9 Expected Range of Variation in Measurements with Calibrated Magne-Gage-Type Instruments ..............11
10 Expected Range of Variation in Measurements with Calibrated FeritscopesFerritesopes ........................ 12
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
11 Expected Range of Variation in Measurements with Calibrated Inspector Gages ...................................... 12

Al Current NIST Coating Thickness Standards(Nominal Thicknesses) with Approximate Corresponding
Ferrite Numbers ........................................................................................................................................... 16
List of Figures
Figure Page No.
Example of Calibration Lines for Two Magne-Gage Instruments. Each with a No . 3 Magnet
for Measuring the Delta Ferrite Content of Weld Metals up to 26 FN .......................................................... 6
2 Example of Calibration Lines for a Magne-Gage Instrument with a No . 3 Magnet for Measuring
the Delta Ferrite Content of Weld Metals up to 77 FN .................................................................................. 7
Al Magne-Gage-Type Instruments.................................................................................................................... 17
A2 Ferritescope Model FES-KF ........................................................................................................................ 19
A3 Inspector Gage ............................................................................................................................................. 19
A4 Ferrite Indicator (Severn Gage) ................................................................................................................... 20
A5 Foerster Ferrite Content Meter ..................................................................................................................... 21
Standard Proceduresfor Calibrating
Magnetic Instruments to Measure the
Delta Ferrite Contentof Austenitic and Duplex
Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metal
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1. Scope NIST primary standards and the values in Tables 1, 2, or

3 in this document. The range of possible calibration de-
1.1This standard prescribes procedures for the calibra- pends upon the particular instrument. This is not an en-
tion and maintenance of calibration of instruments for dorsement of any particular instrument (see 3.1).
measuring, by magnetic attraction or permeability, the
delta ferrite content of an austenitic or duplex ferritic- 1.4 Some manufacturersmay not calibrate their instru-
austenitic stainlesssteel weld metal interms of its Ferrite ments to A4.2. Therefore, if calibration to A4.2 is
Number (FN). required, it is the responsibility of the user of the instru-
ment that this calibration be performed.
1.2 A thorough review of the Annex is recommended be-
fore any instrument is calibrated or used. The Annex pre-
sents background information which is essential to
understanding the many problems and pitfalls in deter- 2. Definitions3
mining and specifying the ferrite content of weld metals. 2.1 Delta Ferrite. The ferrite which remains at room
1.3 Calibration can be accomplished with the use of temperature from that which was formed from the mol-
the National Institute of Standards and Technology ten state upon freezing. Much of the original ferrite that
(NIST, formerly National Bureau of Standards) primary formed upon freezing transforms to austenite during
standards or weld-metal-like secondary standards. At cooling.
the present time, only three instruments (Magne-Gage 2.2 Draw Filing. This weld pad surface preparation
[including a torsion balance using essentially a Magne- technique is suitable for subsequent ferrite measurements
Gage No. 3 magnet, hereinafter referred to as a Magne- up to about 20 FN (see 8.2). A sharp, clean 350-mm
Gage-type instrument), Ferritescope Model FE8-KF1, [14-in.] mill bastard file, which has not been contami-
and Inspector Gage)2 can be calibrated by the use of nated by ferromagnetic materials, held parallel to the
base metal and perpendicular to the long axis of the weld
1. This is a pre-1980 instrument. Post-1980 models and the cur- metal sample, is stroked smoothly with a firm, down-
rent models, now identified as Feritscopes, cannotbe easily cal- ward pressure, in the forward (cutting) direction only,
ibrated with the NET primary standards and the tables in this along the weld length. No cross-filing is done. The fin-
document. See Section 5. ished surface is flat with at least a 3-mm [1/8-in.] width
2. These instruments wereselected for testing from several where all weld ripples are removed.
similar instruments by the Welding Research Council's Sub-
committee on StainlessSteelWelding.Eachinstrumentwas
extensively testedtodevelop the data shown in Tables 1, 2, 3. For AWS terms and definitions, refer to the latest edition of
and 3. This standard contains those data and instructions for ANSIJAWSA3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions.
their use. For information or requests regarding the ability of Please note that some of the terms and definitions used in this
other instruments to be calibrated to NIST Primary Standards, publication are not included in AWS A3.0. They are either new
contact the WeldingResearchCouncil,345East 47th Street, terms defined after the latest revision of A3.0 or they are used
New York. NY 10017. specific to this publication.
S T D - A W S A q - Z H / ? A 4 = 2 - E N G L 1 9 9077 8 4 2 6055 1 3 7 b393 b
A4.2WA4.2:I 997
E
v)
E
E
-_.
E
v)
E
E
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
- "
E
v)
E
E
2
Table 2
Ferrite Numbers (FN) for Primary Standards for
Ferritescope Model FE8-KF Calibration (See
5.1 .i)
Coating Thickness Coating Thickness Coating Thickness
mm mils FN mils mm mils FN

2.00 78.74 1.9 0.72 28.35 7.3 0.38 14.96 13.1
1.90 74.80 2.1 0.70 27.56 7.5 0.37 14.57 13.4
1.80 70.87 2.3 0.68 26.77 7.7 0.36 14.17 13.8
1.70 66.93 2.6 0.66 25.98 8.0 0.35 13.78 14.1
1.60 62.99 2.8 0.64 25.20 8.2 0.34 13.39 14.5
1s o 59.06 3.1 0.62 24.41 8.4 0.33 12.99 14.9
1.45 57.09 3.3 0.60 23.62 8.7 0.32 12.60 15.3
1.40 55.12 3.5 0.58 22.83 9.0 0.3 1 12.20 15.7
1.35 53.15 3.7 0.56 22.05 9.3 0.30 11.81 16.2
1.30 51.18 3.8 0.54 2 1.26 9.6 0.29 11.42 16.7
1.25 49.21 4.0 0.52 20.47 9.9 0.28 11.o2 17.2
1.20 47.24 4.3 0.50 19.69 10.3 0.27 10.63 17.8
1.15 45.28 4.5 0.49 19.29 10.4 0.26 10.24 18.4
1.10 43.31 4.7 0.48 18.90 10.6 0.25 9.84 19.1
1.os 41.34 5 .o 0.47 18.50 10.8 0.24 9.45 19.8
1 .o0 39.37 5.3 0.46 18.11 11.1 0.23 9.06 20.5
0.95 37.40 5.6 0.45 17.72 11.3 0.22 8.66 21.4
0.90 35.43 5.9 0.44 17.32 11.5 0.21 8.27 22.3
0.85 33.46 6.2 0.43 16.93 11.7 0.20 7.87 23.3
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
0.80 31.50 6.6 0.42 16.54 12.0 0.19 7.48 24.4
0.78 30.71 6.8 0.41 16.14 12.3 0.18 7.09 25.6
0.76 29.92 7.0 0.40 15.75 12.5
0.74 29.13 7.1 0.39 15.35 12.8
2.3 Ferrite Number (FN). An arbitrary, standardized 3. Calibration Methods

value designating the ferrite content of austenitic and du-
plex ferritic-austenitic stainless steel weld metal (see 3.1 Primary Standards. Since each type of ferrite mea-
Annex A2). suring instrument responds differently to the primary
2.4 Primary Standards. Specimens with accurate thick- standards, it is not possible to specify a generic calibra-
ness of nonmagnetic material on carbon steel base plate tion procedure; rather, it is necessary to tailor a calibra-
containing 0.25 percent carbon maximum. Each primary tion procedure to a particular instrument. As of the two
standard is assigned an FN of an equivalent magnetic previous revisions of this standard, three types of instru-
weld metal, this assigned value being specific to a partic- ments had been subjected to extensive testing, and de-
ular make (and model, ifapplicable) of measuring instru- tailed procedures and appropriate tables and values were
ment (i.e., Magne-Gage, Ferritescope, or Inspector contained in the standard to provide for their calibration
Gage) (see Annex A3.1). to primary standards. These instruments are the Magne-
The primary standards upon which the standard pro- Gage-type instruments, Ferritescope Model FE&KF, and
cedures are based arethe NIST’s sets of coating thick- Inspector Gage. At thetime of publication of ANSI/AWS
ness standards, consisting of a very uniform layer of A4.2-86, however, the probe of the Ferritescope was
electroplated copper covered with a hard chromium flash changed so that the Ferritescope calibration table does
over a carbon steel base (see Annex A4.1). not apply to newer instruments, now identified as Ferit-
scopes. This situation continues. Since that time, the
2.5 Weld-Metal-Like Secondary Standards. Speci- range of calibration by primary standards of Magne-
mens made of weld metal or material with weld-metal- Gage-type instruments has been expanded to include
like microstructure certified for FNin a manner traceable FNs appropriate to duplex ferritic-austenitic stainless
to these standard procedures (see Annex A4.2). steel weld metals.
3
S T D = A W S A4*2M/A4-2-ENGL 3997
07842b5
0533773 T94
Table 3
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Ferrite Numbers (FN) for Primary Standards for Inspector Gage Calibration*
Coating Thickness Coating Thickness Coating Thickness
mm mils FN mm mils FN mm mils FN
3.9 78.74 2.00 11.2 34.65 0.88 18.1 20.87 0.53

1.95 76.77 4.1 0.86 33.86 11.5 0.52 20.47 18.4
1.90 74.80 4.3 0.84 33.07 11.7 0.5 1 20.08 18.7
1.85 72.83 4.5 0.82 32.28 12.0 0.50 19.69 19.0
1.80 70.87 4.7 0.80 31.50 12.3 0.49 19.29 19.3
1.75 68.90 4.9 0.78 30.71 12.6 0.48 18.90 19.7
1.70 66.93 5.2 0.76 29.92 13.0 0.47 18.50 20.0
1.65 64.96 5.4 0.74 29.13 13.3 0.46 18.11 20.4
1.60 62.99 5.6 0.72 28.35 13.7 0.45 17.72 20.8
1.55 61.O2 5.9 0.70 27.56 14.0 0.44 17.32 21.2
1.so 59.06 6.1 0.69 27.17 14.2 0.43 16.93 21.6
1.45 57.09 6.4 0.68 26.77 14.4 0.42 16.54 22.0
1.40 55.12 6.7 0.67 26.38 14.6 0.41 16.14 22.4
1.35 53.15 7.0 0.66 25.98 14.8 0.40 15.75 22.9
1.30 51.18 7.3 0.65 25.59 15.0 0.39 15.35 23.3
1.25 49.21 7.7 0.64 25.20 15.3 0.38 14.96 23.8
1.20 47.24 8.0 0.63 24.80 15.5 0.37 14.57 24.3
1.15 45.28 8.4 0.62 24.41 15.7 0.36 14.17 24.8
1.10 43.3 1 8.9 0.61 24.02 15.9 0.35 13.78 25.4
1.O5 41.34 9.3 0.60 23.62 16.2 0.34 13.39 25.9
1.o0 39.37 9.8 0.59 23.23 16.4 0.33 12.99 26.5
0.98 38.58 10.0 0.58 22.83 16.7 0.32 12.60 27.1
0.96 37.80 10.3 0.57 22.44 16.9 0.31 12.20 27.8
0.94 37.01 10.5 0.56 22.05 17.2 0.30 11.81 28.4
0.92 36.22 10.7 0.55 21.65 17.5 0.29 11.42 29.1
0.90 35.43 11.0 0.54 21.26 17.8 0.28 11 .o2 29.9
-
*This table shall be used only for calibrating Inspector Gage Model Number 11 1 with 6F or 7F scale for measuring the delta ferrite content o f
as-welded austenitic stainless steel weld metals.
3.2 Secondary Standards dards can only be calibrated using secondary standards.
Refer to Section 7, Calibration of Other Instruments, for
33.1 Calibration by means of primary standards is the proper calibration instructions.
preferred method of maintaining calibration of appropri-
ate instruments. But the need for frequent in-process 3.3 Range of Calibration for All Calibration Meth-
checks is recognized along with the fact that primary ods. For all calibration methods and instruments, the
standards are not necessarily “durable” for frequent use range of calibration is defined by the interval of FNs be-
outside of a laboratory environment. Therefore,it is rec- tween and including the lowest F N standard and the
ommended that a set of secondary standards be used for highest F N standard used in developing the calibration
frequent in-process checks (see Annex 4.2). according to the corresponding procedure.
3.22 When secondary standardsare used, the average

reading on each standard shall be within the maximum 4. Calibration of Magne-Gage”Qpe4
allowable deviation from the calibration curve as speci- Instruments
fied in Table 4. If a maximum allowable deviationis ex-
ceeded, the instrument cannot be considered calibrated. 4.1 Calibration by Means of Primary Standards. All
Calibration with primary standards or instrument repair Magne-Gage-type instruments can be calibrated by the
is then necessary.
3.23 Instruments for which there is not a detailed cal- 4. Trade name of Magne-Gage Sales and Service (see Annex
ibration procedure in this standard utilizing primary stan- A6.1).
4
S T D * A W S A v - Z f l / A q = Z - E N G L L917 = 07842b5 05L3772 9 2 0 A4.2M/A4.2:1997
instruments (torsion balances), this practice is necessary

Table 4 for all levels of FN.
Maximum Allowable Deviation,
Calibration Point to Calibration Curve, 4.13 A Magne-Gage can be used for measurements
for Instruments being Calibrated with over a range of about 30 FN with a single calibration.
Weld-Metal-Like Secondary Standards The exact range to be used at any given time is deter-
mined by the specific standards used, and the choice of a
Maximum Allowable counterweight, if any, added to the balance beam of the
Number
Ferrite Range Deviation instrument at a hole provided for this purpose. The hole
is located about 38 mm [1.5 in.] from the fulcrum oppo-
Oto5 FN 20.30
site from the point of suspension of the magnet (see Fig-
over 5 to IO 50.30
over 10 to 15 FN 20.40 ure Al). Care should be taken that the counterweight, if
over 15 to 25 FN 20.50 used, is free to swing without touching any other part
over 25 to 50 FN 25% of assigned FN of the instrument when the magnet is in contact with
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
over 50 to 90 FN +8%of assigned FN specimen or standards. Without a counterweight, a

Magne-Gage will cover from O to about 30 FN. With a
counterweight of about seven grams, a Magne-Gage can
cover from about 25 to 55 FN; with a counterweight of
following procedure. Torsion balances other than a about 15 grams, the measurement range can be about 50
Magne-Gage may not require use of counterweights, so to 80 FN; with a counterweight of about 18 grams, the
that statements regarding rangesof calibration may not measurement range can be about 69 to 99 FN. These
apply. However, the requirements for the number of stan- counterweights and ranges correspond to available coat-
dards for calibration over aspecific FN range shall apply ing thickness standards at present, see Table A l . Exact
to all Magne-Gage-type instruments(see Annex A6.1). ranges will depend upon the precise weight of the coun-
terweight and upon the strength of the magnet in use. A
4.1.1 The FNs shall be assigned from Table 1 to each separate calibration is required for each counterweight,
of the available primary standards (coating thickness and recalibration is required whenever the magnet is
standards) as defined in 2.3. For thicknesses between changed.
those given in the table, the FNs shall be interpolated as
closely as possible. Alternatively, FN may be calculated 4.1.4 Without a counterweight,eight or more primary
directly from one of the two following formulas: standards shall be used, with nominal thicknesses that
provide corresponding Ferrite Numbers well distributed
For thickness (T) in mm: over the range O to 30 FN. With the No. 3 magnet in
place, the zero point (the white dial reading at which the
In(FN) = 1.8059 - 1.11886 In(T) - 0.17740 [In(T)I2 magnet lifts free from a completely nonmagnetic mate-
- 0.03502 [ln(T)I3- 0.00367 [ln(T)I4 rial) shall be determined. If a counterweight is used,
For thickness (T) in 0.001-inch increments(mils): three or more primary standards, similarly well distrib-
uted, shall be used, and the slope of the calibration line
ln(FN) = 4.5891 - 0.50495 In(T) - 0.08918 [ln(T)]* (FN per white dial reading or FN per gram) shall be ex-
t 0.01917 [In(T)l3- 0.00371 [ln(T)I4 amined for consistency with the slope of the calibration
for O to 30 FN (see 4.1.5). With a counterweight,no zero
See Section 9, Significant Figures in Reporting Measure- point can be determined for a Magne-Gage. I n either
ment Results, for information on the precision of the case, the white dial reading for each of the available pri-
measurements. mary standards covering the FN range of interest shall
then be determined (see Annex A4.1).
4.1.2 Magne-Gage-type instruments are sensitive to
premature magnet detachment from a standard or from a 4.1.5 The white dial readings shall be plotted on Car-
sample due to very small vibrations. The Magne-Gage tesian coordinates paper versus the FNs as illustrated in
minimizes, but does not eliminate, this effect as com- Figure 1. If no counterweight is used, thezero point read-
pared to other torsion balances. Repetitive measurements ing (white dial reading when the magnet just barely lifts
at a given point will yield a range of FN values due to from a nonmagneticmaterial) on the dial of the gage can
this effect, and the range increases with increasing FN. be included as O FN. When a counterweight is used, the
With a Magne-Gage, above 20 FN, it is necessary to plot of white dial readings versus FNs shall be superim-
make several measurements at any given point of a stan- posed on the calibration plot made without a counter-
dard or sample, and to accept only the highest FN as the weight, so that consistency of slope of the calibration
correct value for that point. With other Magne-Gage-type lines can be examined as required by 4.1.4 (see Figure 2).
STD-AWS A'I=Zt'l/Aq=Z-ENGL L977 0 7 B W b 5 0533773 Bb7
A4.2M/A4.2:1997
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4
s
U
12 8 O 4 20 24
FERRITE NUMBER
NOTE: A different setof coating thickness standardswas used for each instrument, although thesets included the
same standard numbers.
Data for the Curves

NlST Coating Gage #1 Calibration Gage #2 Calibration
Thickness
Standard mils mm FN White Dial mils mm FN White Dial
1312 8.2 0.208 13.2 25.5
1313 0.259 10.2 21.5 28.0 9.8 22.2 0.249 27.0
1314 14.7 0.373 15.9 53.0 15.0 0.381 57.0 15.6
1315 0.488 19.2 12.6 68.0 19.7 0.500 12.3 74.0
1316 24.5 0.622 76.0 10.0 0.617 24.3 10.1 84.1
1317 0.792 31.2 7.8 &.O 30.5 0.775 8.0 93.5
1318 43.0 1 .o92 92.0 5.5 45.5 1.156 5.2 107.3
1319 63.0 1.600 3.4 99.0 60.5 1.537 3.6 114.8
Zero Point 0.0 111.5 0.0 132.0
Figure 1-Examples of Calibration Linesfor W o Magne-Gage Instruments,

Each with aNo. 3 Magnet for Measuring the Delta Ferrite Content
of Weld Metal up to 26 FN
STD-AWS Aq*2M/A4*2-ENGL1797 E 07842b5 0513774 7T3 M
A4.2M/A4.2:1997
Coating Thickness
NlST SRM 0.001 in. I mm Counterweight, g FN White Dial
117.5
1362a 0.141 5.55 7.001 34.0 82.5
16.5
3.10 0.079 50.7
142.5
1359 1.W 15.002 0.048 68.9 74.5
1362a 1.58 0.040 76.8 37.0
Figure %Example of Calibration Linesfor a Magne-Gage Instrument

with a No. 3 Magnet for Measuring the Delta Ferrite Content
of Weld Metals up to 77 FN
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
7
S T D O A W SA 4 * 2 M / A 4 - 2 - E N G L 3997 0 7 8 4 2 b 5 0533775 b 3 T
If the calibration lines are not essentially parallel, the tion utilizing secondary standards is acceptable? Four or
data shallbe restudied for errors. more such standards are required for calibration Lurves
for O to 15 FN; and four or more are required for any
4.1.6 A “best fit” straight line shallbe drawn through range of approximately 30 FN above 15 FN. In all cases,
the points plotted in accordance with 4.1.5. Alternatively, the Ferrite Numbers of the standards shall be well dis-
a regression equation shallbe fit to the data collected as tributed over the range of interest (see Annex A4.2).
described in 4.1.4. Magne-Gages tested to date have pro-
duced a straight line up to at least 10 FN. Most yield a 4.2.2 It should be recognized that weld-metal-like
straight line through all points, but some have shown a secondary standards are unlikely to provide readings
slight bend. An example of each is shown in Figure 1. from point to point that are as uniform as those from pri-
For acceptable calibration,all points must fall within the mary standards. Care must therefore be exercised to take
maximum allowable deviations shown in Table 5. If any readings on secondary standards in precisely those loca-
of the calibration points fall outsideof the allowed variations used in assigning the original FNs to the standards.
tions, the data shallbe restudied, or the manufacturer of In case of doubt, the producer of the secondary standards
the instrument shallbe consulted, or both. should be consulted.
4.2.3 Other than the departures noted in 4.2.1 and
4.1.7 Two common sources of discrepant readings 4.2.2, the remainder of the calibration procedure with
during calibration (as well as during measurement) are secondary standards shall be the same as that used with
mechanical vibrations and dirt (usually magnetic parti- primary standards asgiven in 4.1.2 through 4.1.8.
cles) clinging to the magnet. Either factor tends to pro-
duce premature detachment of the magnet from the
sample, with a correspondingly low FN determination 5. Calibration of Feritscopes6/
(high white dial reading). A vibration-free environment Ferritescopes
is essential for accurate FN determination, especially
above 15 FN. Wiping the magnet end with a clean lint- 5.1 Calibrationof Ferritescopes Model FES-KF by
free cloth is suggested when dirt is encountered. In case Means of Primary Standards
of doubt, examination of the magnet end under a micro- 5.1.1This instrument is calibrated to the FN scale by the
scope is appropriate. manufacturer, but calibrationshould be verified by the user.
The only Ferritescope which can be calibrated with pri-
4.1.8 The graph plotted as in 4.1.6, or a regression mary standards according to Table2 is the pre-1980 Model
equation fit to it, may now be used to determine the FNs FE8-KF with analog readout and dual-contact “normal-
of stainless steel weld metals from the white dial read- ized” probe. No tables for calibrationwith primary stan-
ings of the instrument obtained on those weld metals dards are available for post-1980 instruments (thosewith
with the same No. 3 magnet and counterweight, if used. digital readouts orsingle-pole probes). Other Ferritescopes
and the current models identified as Ferritescope may be
4.2 Calibration by Means of Weld-Metal-Like Sec-
calibrated by weld-metal-like secondary standards as de-
ondary Standards
scribed in Section 7, Calibration of Other Instruments.
4.2.1 Calibration by primary standards is the recom- 5.1.2 The manufacturer’s instructions with regard to
mended method, as previously mentioned, but calibra- the use of the instrument and the adjustments of the scale
shall be followed.
5.13 The FNs shall be assigned from Table 2 to each
of the available primary standards as defined in 2.3. For
thicknesses between those given in the table, the FNs
Table 5 shall be interpolated as closely aspossible. Eight or more
Tolerance on the Positionof thickness standards shallbe used, with nominal thickness
Calibration Points Using Primary Standards corresponding to Ferrite Numbers well distributed in the
range O to 25 FN (see Annex A4.1). The instrument read-
Maximum Allowable ing for each of the available primary standards shallthen
Range
Number
Ferrite Deviation
be determined.
o to 5 *Oo.40
over 5 to 10 ?OS0
over 10 to 15 *.70 5. Weld-metal-like secondary standards are commercially sold
over 15 to 20 20.90 byTheWeldingInstitute,Abington Hall, Abington, Cam-
over 20 to 30 21 .o0 bridge, CBl 6AL, UK.
over 30 to 90 55% of assigned FN 6. Trademark of Helmut Fischer GmbH and Company
8
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
W 078q2b5 051377b 5 7 5 E
A4.2MlA4.2:1997
5.1.4 The instrument readings shall be plottedon Carte- scale. The latter is preferable becausL it has smaller divi-
sian coordinates paper versus the FN assigned from Table sions (see Annex A6.3).
2 for each primary standard. A “best fit” line shall be
6.1.2 The manufacturer’s instructions with regard to
drawn through the data. Alternatively, a regression equa-
the use of the instrument and adjustments of the scale
tion shall befit to the data collected as described in 5.1.3.
shall be followed.
5.1.5 For approved calibration, all readings shall fall
6.13 The FNs shall be assigned from Table 3 to each
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
within the maximum allowable deviations shown in

Table 6 from the “best fit” line. If any of the calibration
of the available primarythickness standards as defined in
2.3. For thicknesses between those given in the table, the
readings fall outside of these allowed variations, the data
FNs shall be interpolated as closely as possible. Seven or
shall be restudied, or the manufacturer of the instrument
more thickness standards shall be used, with nominal
shall be consulted, or both.
thicknesses corresponding to Ferrite Numbers well dis-
5.1.6 The graph plotted as in 5.1.4, or a regression tributed in the range O t o 30 FN (see Annex A4.1). The
equation fit to it, may now be used to determine the FNs instrument reading for each of the available primary
of stainless steel weld metals from the instrument reading. standards shall then be determined.
5.2 Calibration by Means of Weld-Metal-Like Sec- 6.1.4 The instrument readings shall be plotted on Car-
ondary Standards tesian coordinates paper versus the FN assigned from
5.2.1 As previously mentioned, calibration to primary Table 3 for each primary standard. A “best fit” line shall
standards is the preferred method for suitable instru- be drawn through the data. Alternatively, a regression
ments, but calibration to weld-metal-like secondary stan- equation shall be fit to the data collected as described in
dards is acceptable. Calibration to weld-metal-like 6.1.3.
secondary standards is necessary for other Feritscopes/ 6.1.5 For approved calibration, all readings shall fall
Ferritescopes. within the maximum allowable deviations shown in
5.2.2 Section 7.2 should be referred to for instructions Table 7 from the “best fit” line. If any of the calibration
to calibrate the Feritscope/Ferritescope to weld-metal- readings fall outside of these allowed variations, the data
like secondary standards. shall be restudied, or the manufacturer of the instrument
shall be consulted, or both.
6.1.6 The graph plotted asin 6.1.4, or a regression
6. Calibration of Inspector Gages’ equation f i t to it, may now be used to determine the FNs
of stainless steel weld metals from the instrument reading.
6.1 Calibration by Means of Primary Standards
6.2 Calibration by Means of Weld-Metal-Like Sec-
6.1.1 This instrument is the Inspector Gage Model ondary Standards
Number 1 1 1 with either a 6F (“%-ferrite”) or a 7F (FN)
6.2.1 As previously mentioned, calibration to primary
standards is the preferred method, but calibration to
7. Trademark of Elcometer instruments Ltd. (see Annex A6.3) weld-metal-like secondary standards is acceptable.
Table 6
Maximum Allowable Deviationof the Periodic
Ferrite Number (FN) Check for Feritscopes/Ferritescopes
Maximum Allowable Deviation of the Periodic Ferrite Number Check
From the Ferrite Number From the Ferrite Number From the Ferrite Number
Value Assigned to the Value Assigned to the Value First Assigned to the
Primary Standard Secondary Standard Secondary Standard
Table in Range
Number
Ferrite User the 2 by Seller the by
o to 5 20.40 20.40 20.20
over 5 to 10 20.40 20.40 20.20
over 10 to 15 20.70 20.70 20.20
over 15 21.0 21.0 20.30
9
~
Table 7
Ferrite Number (FN) Check for Inspector Gages
Maximum Allowable Deviation of the Periodic FerriteNumber Check
From the Ferrite Number From the Ferrite Number From the Ferrite Number
Value Assigned to the Value Assigned to the Value First Assigned to the
Primary Standard Secondary Standard Secondary Standard
Range
Number
Ferrite in Table 3 Seller the by by the User
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
o to 5 20.40 S.40 20.20
over 5 to 10 20.40 50.40 50.20
over 10 to 15 20.70 50.70 50.20
over 15 21.0 fl.O 20.30
6.2.2 Section 7.2 should be referred to for instructions ibration over any given range, while four calibration
to calibrate the Inspector Gage to weld-metal-like sec- ranges are possible. Then for checking the calibration
ondary standards. over a given range againstthe requirements of Table 4,
there must be at least four secondary standards, as re-
quired above, within the given calibration range, and
check measurements on all of them must satisfy the
7. Calibration of Other Instruments requirements of Table 4 for acceptable calibration over
7.1 Calibration by Means of Primary Standards. As that range. In all cases, the Ferrite Numbers of the sec-
of this revision of this standard (see 3.1) only Magne- ondary standards shall be well distributed over the range
Gage-type instruments, Ferritescopes Model FE8-KF of interest.
with normalized probes, and Inspector Gages,can be cal-
7.2.3 Instrument readings shall be determined for
ibrated to this standard by means of primary standards.
each of the available secondary standards and, if possi-
All other instruments must be calibrated by means of
ble, for a zero point. When taking readings on secondary
weld-metal-like secondary standards(see Annex A6.4).
standards, the same precaution noted in 4.2.2 should be
7.2 Calibration by Means of Weld-Metal-Like Sec- taken.
ondary Standards
7.2.4 Instrument readings shall be plotted against as-
7.2.1 Other instruments can be calibrated by weld- signed secondary standardFN values on Cartesiancoor-
metal-like secondary standards to produce a satisfactory dinate paper, and the zero point can be included if
correlation between the instrument readout and weld applicable.
metal FN. While it may be desirable that the instrument 7.2.5 A “best fit” smooth line, or a regression equa-
readout be precisely the calibrated value of FN it is not tion line, shall be drawn through the points plotted in
essential, provided a unique correlation between the in- 7.2.4. For acceptable calibration, no data pointmay vary
strument readout and weld metal FN, can be determined. from the curve any more than the allowable deviations
Such instruments may be used if they have been cali- shown in Table 4. If any point falls outside of the appro-
brated using secondary weld metal standards to which
priate allowed deviation, the data shall be restudied, or
FNs were assigned by an instrument with primary stan-
the manufacturer of the instrument shall be consulted, or
dard calibration. both.
7.2.2 Four or more such secondary standards are re- 7.2.6 The graph plotted as in 7.2.4, o r a regression
quired for calibration curves covering O to 15 FN; eight equation fit to it, may now be used to determine the FNs
or more such secondary standards are required for cali- of stainless steel weld metals overthe calibration range.
bration from O to 30 FN; and four or more such second-
ary standards are required for calibration of any interval 7.2.7 It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that
of approximately 30 FN above 15 FN. Some Feritscopes the instrument is properly calibrate& ¡.e., such that the
accept only a smaller numberof secondary standards in results obtained with weld-metal-like secondary stan-
setting a calibration. For example, the Model MP-3 can dards in the FN range(s) of use are within the expected
only acceptthree secondary standardsfor setting the cal- range of variations shown in Table 4.
10
S T D - A U S A'I=ZM/Aq.2-ENGL 3797 E 078'Y2b50533778 349 I
I
8. Use of Calibrated Instruments this curve within the maximum deviations of Tables 4,5,
6 , 7, or 8, it must be :ecalibrated in accordance with this
document.
8.1 Maintaining Calibration. Instruments must be
checked periodically on a regular basis against primary 8.2 Variations in Measurements. Based upon round-
or secondary standards to ensure and verify the mainte- robin tests within the Welding Research Council Sub-
nance of the original calibration. Records of such checks committee on Welding Stainless Steels, the FNs deter-
shall be maintained. It is the responsibility of the user to mined by these instruments are expected to fall within
check at a frequency which is adequate to maintain cali- the limits shown in Table 9, 10, or 11 as compared to the
bration. For frequently used instruments, a weekly cali- overall average FN values of stainless steel weld metals
bration check is recommended. For infrequently used checked on other instrumentsof the same type calibrated
instruments, a calibration check before each use is rec- to this standard. When measurements are made with a
ommended. Two standards, one near each extremeof the variety of calibrated instrument types, somewhat larger
calibration range being checked,shall be used for each of variation in measurements than those indicated in Table
the ranges shown in Tables 4, 6, 7, or 8, as appropriate, 9, 10, or 11 might be expected, but the magnitude of the
for which the instrument is used. When the instrument no variation has not been determined.
longer produces values within the maximum deviation Weld ripples and other surface perturbations must be
specified in the relevant table, it shall be removed from removed because surface finish affects measurement ac-
service and the manufacturer shall be consulted (see curacy. Up to about 20 FN,the practice known as draw
Annex A3.2). filing produces acceptable accuracy (see 2.2). For accu-
A calibration curve may be made for an individual in- rate and reproducible ferrite measurements, above 20
strument using reference material other than the stan- FN, a Magne-Gage No. 3 magnet or equivalent requires a
dards used for the original calibration. This calibration flat surface at least 3 mm [1/8-in.] in diameter finished
curve may be used for verifying the original calibration. no coarser than with a 600-grit abrasive (about 0.2 mi-
When the instrument can no longer produce readings on crons/8 microinches RMS). Rougher surfaces or convex
Table 8
Ferrite Number (FN)Check for Magne-Gage-Type Instruments
Maximum Allowable Deviation of the Periodic Ferrite Number Check
Fromthe
Ferrite
Number From
the
Ferrite
NumberFromthe
Ferrite
Number
ValueAssigned
the
to
Value
Assigned to the
Value
First
Assigned to the
Secondary
Standard
Standard
Primary
Range
Number
Ferrite in Table 1 Seller the by Userby the
o to 5 20.50 20.50 20.20

over 5 to 10 20.50 20.50 20.20
over 10 to 15 20.60 20.60 20.30
over 15 to 25 20.80 20.80 20.40
over 25 to 90 25% of assigned FN value 25% of assigned FN value 23% of assigned FN value
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Table 9
Expected Range of Variation in Measurements
with Calibrated Magne-Gage-Type Instruments*
Number
Ferrite
Range Instruments
67% of the Instruments
95% of the
o to 10 20.30 FN 20.60 FN
over 10 to 18 20.35 FN 20.70 FN
over 18 to 25 20.45 FN 20.90 FN
over 25 to 90 value
55% of FN
mean 210% of mean FN value
*Based upon WRC round-robin tests.
11
-.
Table 10
Expected Rangeof Variation in Measurements with CalibratedFeritscopes/Ferritescopes*
Ferrite Number Range 67%of the Instruments 95% of the lnstruments
o to 10 20.20 FN S.40FN
over 10 to 18 k0.40 FN S.80 FN
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
over 18 to 25 20.50 FN 21.0 FN

over 25 to 80 5%of mean FN value 510% of mean FN value
+Based upon WRC round-robin tests.
Table 11
Expected Rangeof Variation in Measurements with Calibrated Inspector Gages*
Number
Ferrite
Range 67%Instruments
of the 95% of the Instruments
o to 10 20.20 FN 20.40 FN
over 10 to 18 20.40FN *.80 FN
over 18 to 30 +OS0 FN 21 .O FN
'Based upon WRC round-robin tests.
surfaces will result in artificially low FN values and shall significant figures shown in the relevant table herein
be avoided. Other instruments may respond differently to shall be used.
rough, convex, or narrow surfaces and should be evalu-
ated fully before use. At all ferrite levels, surface prepa- 9.2 Measurement Data. For purposes of reporting mea-
ration must be accomplished without contamination by surement data on weld metal test samples or demonstrat-
ferromagnetic materials. ing compliance with the requirements of a specification
other than this specification, the precision implied by the
number of significant figures in the tables herein is gen-
erally inappropriate. For ferrite measurements of 25 FN
9. Significant Figures in Reporting or higher, rounding-off to the nearest whole number con-
Measurement Results veys appropriateprecision. For ferrite measurement of 5
to 25 FN, rounding-off to the nearest 0.5 FN conveys ap-
9.1 Calibration Data. For purposes of developing cali- propriate precision. For ferrite measurements less than5
bration data or demonstrating compliance of an instru- FN, rounding-off to the nearest0.1 FN conveys appropri-
ment with calibration requirements, the number of ate precision.
12
S T D - A W S A q - Z H / A q = Z - E N G L 1777 = 078‘42b5 0513780 TT7 W A4.2M/A4.2:1997
Annex
(This Annex is not a part of ANSIIAWS A4.2M/4.2:1997, Standard Procedures for Calibrating Magnetic Instru-
ments to Measure the Delta Ferrite Content of Austenitic and DuplexFerritic-Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metal, but
is included for information purposesonly.)
Al. Acknowledgment lar sets in Europe by the International Institute of Weld-

ing (IIW). These round-robins showed that most
These standard proceduresare based upon the studies laboratories used somewhat different calibration curves,
and recommendations made by the Subcommittee on as well as a variety of instruments. At nominal levels of
Welding Stainless Steel of the HighAlloys Committeeof up to 10 percent ferrite, which is often the most useful
the Welding Research Council (WRC)8and work within and pertinent range, the values obtained by participating
International Institute of Welding Subcommission II-C. laboratories ranged from 0.6 to 1.6-times the nominal
The document onwhich much ofthis standard is based is value. The instrument calibration procedure defined in
the Calibration Procedure for Instruments to Measure this standard is designed to overcome this problem.
the Delta Ferrite Content of Austenitic Stainless Steel A similar problem existed with metallographic deter-
Weld Metal, published by the WRC on July 1, 1972. minations due to the extreme fineness of the ferrite in
Expansion of the measurement system beyond 28 FN weld metals, variations in the etching media and the de-
is based uponExtension of the WRC Ferrite Number Sys- gree of etch, and to the Quantitative Television Micro-
tem, D. J . Kotecki, Welding Journal, November 1982, scope (QTM) settings, i f a QTM was used. Similar
and International Institute of Welding Documents II-C- problems, though perhaps to a lesser degree, have been
730-84, II-C-821-88, II-C-835-88and 11-C-836-88. encountered with magnetic saturation, x-ray diffraction,
Mossbauer studies, and with other methods of determin-
ing the ferrite content of weld metals. Thus a “percent
A2.Ways of Expressing Ferrite ferrite” figure in past literature is very dependent upon
Content the source, and should be defined in relation to the in-
strument, the laboratory using it, and the calibration
A2.1The methods of determining ferrite content in stain- source, or to the diagram if derived from a constitution
less steel weld metals have evolved over an extended diagram. In the opinion of the WRC Subcommittee, it
time period. The interested reader is referred to WRC has been impossible, to date, to determine accurately the
Bulletin 318 (September 1986). Only afew of the perti- true absolute ferrite content of stainless steel weld
nent conclusions of that Bulletin are summarized briefly metals.
in the following paragraphs.
A2.2 Measured Percent Ferrite. The percent ferrite in A2.3 Ferrite Number. Because on a given specimen,
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
austenitic stainless steel weld metals in the past has too laboratory A might rate the percent ferrite at as low as 3
often been regarded as a firm fixed value. Extensive percent, laboratory B at 5 percent, and laboratory C at as
round-robins have been run on sets of weld metal speci- high as 8 percent, the WRC Subcommittee decided to
mens, containing up to a nominal 25 percent ferrite, in use the new term Ferrite Number (FN) to define the fer-
the U.S. under the sponsorship of the WRC and on simi- rite quantity as measured by instruments calibrated with
its recommended procedure. Thus, FN is an arbitrary,
standardized value related to the ferrite content of an
8. Welding Research Council, 345 East 47thSt., New York, NY equivalently magnetic weld metal. It is not necessarily
10017 the true absolute ferrite percentage of the weld. FNs
13
A4.2MlA4.2:1997
below 10 do represent an excellent averageof the “per- The American Welding Institute developed the per-
cent ferrite” as determined by U.S. and world methods of sonal computer software package, FERRITEPREDIC-
measuring delta ferrite, based upon the previously dis- TOR, to assist in Ferrite Number estimation. The
cussed round-robins conductedby the WRC Subcommit- software is available from the American Welding Soci-
tee and the IIW Subcommission II-C. FNs above 10 ety. This software permits estimationof weld metal fer-
clearly exceed the true volume percent. Magnetic satura- rite by the WRC-1992 Diagram, as well as by the WRC-
tion measurements on castingsof known-percent ferrite 1988 Diagram, the Schaeffler Diagram and the DeLong
have shown that the magnetic response of a given per- Diagram.
cent ferrite depends upon its composition. So, any rela-
tion between ferrite and FN will be influenced somewhat
by composition of the ferrite. For common duplex fer-
ritic-austenitic weld metals, it is not unreasonable to esti-
A3.Cautions on the Use of Ferrite
mate that the percent ferriteis on the order of 0.7 times Number
the FN as measured herein, but this should not be consid- A3.1 Instrument Calibration
ered as exact.
A3.1.1 Various thicknesses of nonmagnetic material
A2.4 Ferrite Content Calculatedfrom Constitution
over carbon steel represent avery convenient method of
Diagrams. The several committees that have investi-
calibrating instruments for the measurement of ferrite in
gated and reviewed this subject recommend for most ap-
stainless steel weld metals. Useful general information
plications the use of measured ferrite as opposed to the
on the subject can be obtained from the latest edition
use of ferrite calculated from the weld metal analysis.
of The American Society for Testing and Materials
The basic reason for this is that the variables involved in
(ASTM) B 499, Standard Method for Measurement of
determining the chemical composition, and other vari-
Coating Thicknesses by Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic
ables involved in the diagrams themselves, are very
Coatings on Magnetic Base Metakg The responseof the
likely to have substantially greater effectsthan those as-
instrument when a nonmagnetic “skin” is between the
sociated with the direct determination of ferrite content
measuring probe and the plate, versus its response to fer-
using instruments calibratedin accordance with this stan-
rite in stainless steel weld metal at several levels, canbe
dard. Nevertheless, constitution diagramsare very useful
plotted and the relationship between them established. A
tools, even though they are less exact, because they per-
change in the magnet size or strength, or in the probe
mit anticipation orprediction of ferrite content for a vari-
characteristics, changes the relationship. Thus, a calibra-
ety of situations (see WRC Bulletin 342, Stainless Steel
tion curve or table for FN versus nonmagnetic coating
Weld Metal: Prediction of Ferrite Content, April 1989).
thickness for a Magne-Gage-type instrument (Figure A l )
By taking into account dilution effects, such diagrams
will be different for each of the magnets (Nos. 1, 2, 3,
can also be useful for anticipating or predicting the fer-
and 4) because the strengths of the magnets are different.
rite content of weld overlays and dissimilar metal joints.
The Schaeffler diagram, developed in the late 1940s. A3.1.2 With Magne-Gage-type instruments, only cali-
presents its values as percent ferrite. The DeLong dia- bration using a No. 3 magnet is considered in this stan-
gram, January 1973 version, was the first diagram pre- dard. A weaker magnet (Nos. 1 or 2), if used with the
sented i n terms of FN. Espy, in 1982, proposed a calibration points of Table 1, will on weld metal yield
modification of the Schaeffler Diagram to take into ac- falsely high FN values. Conversely, a stronger magnet
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
count high-nitrogen, high-manganese stainless steel weld (No. 4), if used with the calibration points of Table 1,
metals. More recently, Siewert, McCowan and Olson will on weld metalyield falsely low FN values. If the No.
prepared the WRC-1988 Diagram, under WRC sponsor- 3 magnet of a Magne-Gage is damaged, such as by rough
ship (see WeldingJournaf,December 1988, pp. 289-s to handling or exposure to an alternating current field
298-s, or WRC Bulletin 342, April 1989). Thiswas mod- which weakened it, it will also yield false readings. Work
ified slightly by Kotecki and Siewert toinclude the effect within the WRC Subcommittee on Welding Stainless
of copper in the nickel equivalent, as originally proposed Steel, on behalf of the International Institute of Welding,
by Lake, to produce the WRC-1992 Diagram (see Weld- Subcommission WC, has demonstrated that accurate
ingJourna1, May 1992, pp. 171-s to 17th). The WRC- readings on weld metal are obtained via calibration from
1992 Diagram is considered, at the time of this writing, Table 1 when the magnet strength is such that it provides
to be the best estimation tool available for most austen-
itic and duplex ferritic-austenitic stainless steel weld
metals, and has replaced the DeLong Diagram in Section 9. ASTM standards can be obtained from the American SoCi-
III of the ASME Code with publication of the 1994 etyforTesting and Materials, 100 Barr HarborDrive,West
Addenda. Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
14
A4.2MlA4.2:1997
a tearing-off force as a function of FN of 5 FN/gram 5 thickness standards available from NIST at the t i m of
0.5 FN/gram. With a torsion balance other than a Magne- this writing, and corresponding Ferrite Numbers for cali-
Gage, compliance with this requirement is determined braiion of various instruments. It should bc recognized
directly from the slope of the calibration line. With a that the exactcoating thickness value of a particular stan-
Magne-Gage, this can be evaluated simply by suspend- dard from NIST may not beexactly as given in Table Al,
ing a 5-gram iron weight from the No. 3 magnet. When and the corresponding FN may therefore be slightly dif-
the white dial of the Magne-Gage is turned to just barely ferent. The sets can be ordered from the NIST office
lift the weight past the balance point of the instrument, listed in Footnote 10.
the reading should correspond to 25 2 2.5 FN using the
calibration line of white dial readings versusFN.
A4.2 Secondary Standards
A4.2.1 Weld-Metal-Like Secondary Standards.
A3.1.3 It is strongly recommended that reference Magnetic instruments may also be calibrated by using
weld-metal-like secondary standardsbe used along with weld-metal-like secondary standards rated by two or
the calibration curves obtained from primary standards more instruments carefully calibrated through the use of
when using a Ferritescope Model FES-KFto check for these standard procedures.Each such standard shouldbe
compliance with Table 6, when using an Inspector Gage provided with FN values at specific points on its test sur-
to check for compliance with Table7, or when using a face. These secondary standardscan be used for the cali-
Magne-Gage-type instrument to check for compliance bration of a suitable instrument or for maintaining
with Table 8, I f compliance cannot be obtained as recalibration. They can also be used to establish the rela-
quired by the appropriate table, the instrument is in need tionship between other instruments and Magne-Gage-
of recalibration or servicing by the manufacturer, or it is type instruments.
not suitable for calibration with primary standards.
A4.2.2 Other mpes of Secondary Standards. The
A3.2 Instrument Malfunction. Recalibration or re- use of cast specimens or powder compacts is risky be-
checking of each instrument at periodic and sometimes cause the size, shape, and orientation of the magnetic
frequent intervals is necessary to ensure that the instru- particles may influence the response of the magnetic or
ment is operating properly(see 8.1). Permanent magnets other type probes to varying degrees, However, cast
may be partially demagnetized by exposure to any signif- specimens or powder compacts calibrated with one in-
icant alternating-current field such as that generated by a strument traceable to this procedure canbe used for cali-
strong alternating current in a wire or by a weaker alter- brating instruments of the same type and manufacture or
nating current in a coil. The tips of such permanent mag- for day-to-day verification of such instruments.
nets, or of the probes which are used to establish a
magnetic field in the specimen, may become worn and
the response of the system may change for this reason.
Bearings may become fouled with dirt and thus fail to
A5. Effect of Ferrite Size, Shape, and
operate freely. Orientation
It has been established that the ferrite size, shape, and
orientation can influence the relative response of the
A4. Standards for Instrument low-field-strength magnets and probes used with the
measuring instruments. For this reason, a measuring in-
Calibration
A4.1 Primary Standards. NIST'O coating thickness
. strument may respond differently to a given volume-per-
cent ferrite in a stainless steel weld metal as compared to
standards were developed many years ago to calibrate in- the same volume-percent ferrite in a cast stainless steel,
struments for the determination of coating thickness. The or even in a solution heat-treated stainless steel weld
standards useful for the determination of delta ferrite metal. The ferrite in as-welded weld metal up to about
consist of varying thicknessesof copper electroplated on 15 FN is very fine and i n the form of lacy, dendritic
a carbon steel base and protected with a hard chromium stringers generally perpendicular to the fusion line, and
flash. NIST certifies the thickness of the total coating to often extensively interconnected at ferrite contents over
within 55% of the stated thickness, but the majority will 3 or 4 FN. Above about 15 FN in as-welded weld metal,
be within t2% or even 51%. Table A l lists the coating the ferrite and austenite generally form laths which are
also very fine. The ferrite in castings is usually much
larger and tends to be lesser in volume and more sphe-
10. Office of StandardReference Materials, Room B311, roidized than in an as-welded weld metal of the same
Chemistry Building, National Institute of Standards and Tech- composition because heat treatment tends to transform
nology (NIST), Gaithersburg, M D 20899. some ferrite to austenite and spheroidize the balance.
15
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A4.2MlA4.2:1997
STD.AWS A4.2M/A'I.Z-ENGL 1997 = 078'42b5O513783 7Db =
Table A l
Current NIST Coating Thickness Standards (Nominal Thicknesses)
with Approximate Corresponding Ferrite Numbers
NumberFerrite
Approximate
Thickness
Nominal
NIST SRM Ferritescope

Number Set mm Model
Magne-Gage
mils FB-KF Gage
Inspector
1.935 1364a
6.0 1.525 3.1 60.04 3.7
5.3 6.1 1.ooO 39.37
31.50 0.800
0.635 1363a 15.4 8.2 25.00 9.8
19.88 0.505
15.16 0.385
.7 10.04 0.255
0.205 1362a
off-scale off-scale 34.2
0.140 5.51
50.2 3.15 0.080
off-scale off-scale 77.0
0.040 1.57
0.048 1361a off-scale
99.2
0.025 0.98 off-scale off-scale
off-scale off-scale
0.012off-scale 0.47
0.24 0.006 off-sale off-scale off-scale
0.800 1359 31S O 7.7 6.6 12.3
12.20.505 19.88 10.2 18.8
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
0.140 5.5 1 34.2 off-scale off-scale
69.10.048 1.89 off-scale off-scale
8 5.3 1358 6.1
1.o00 39.37
8.86 0.225 20.9 24.0 off-scale
3.15 0.080 off-scale 50.2 off-scale
0.048 1357 69.1 1.89 off-scale off-scale
110.5
0.020 0.79 off-scale off-sale
0.006 0.24 off-scale off-scale off-scale
Since the volume-percent of ferrite in castings is in close probe is a long, thin magnet hung on a spiral spring. The
agreement when measured by either magnetic response spring is wound by means of turning a knob with a corre-
or by metallographic point count, the ferrite content of sponding reading on a dial. When the magnet is pulled
castings is expressed as a percentage and not by the arbi- free of a specimen, the white dial readingused in con-
trary FN, as noted in ASTM Practice A800. junction with the calibration curve establishes theFN of
the specimen.
A6.1.2 Returning the Magne-Gage periodically to the

A6. Instruments factory for maintenance is desirable. With frequent use,
A6.1 Magne-Gage and Magne-Gage-Qpe Instruments one year is a reasonable time; with occasional use, two
years.
A6.1.1The Magne-Gage" (Figure A l ) is usable only
in the flat position on relatively small specimens. The A6.1.3 A Magne-Gage No. 3 Magnet or equivalent
can be used with a variety of torsion balances to obtain
the same results as are obtained witha Magne-Gage. A
11. Manufactured by Magne-Gage Sales& Service, 629 Packer complete example of such a Magne-Gage-type instru-
St., Avoca, PA 18641. ment is given in Extension of rhe WRC Ferrite Number
16
(A) STANDARD MAGNE-GAGE
(B) MAGNE-GAGE FROM REAR, COUNTERWEIGHT ADDEDTO LEFT SIDE OF BALANCE BEAM
Figure Al-Magne-Gage-Type Instruments
17
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
S T D - A W S A’4.2H/Aq.Z-ENGL 1777 0781.12b5 0513785 587 W
A4.2M/A4.2:199?
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(C) TORSION BALANCE WITH MAGNE-GAGE NO. 3 MAGNET
Figure A l (Continued)-Magne-Gage-Qpe Instruments
System, referenced in Section A l . Numerous other con- ment with thumb-actuatedspring tension. The instrument
figurations could alsobe conceived. This is outside the gives direct readings in FN if it is a new model designed
scope of this standard. to do so. Older models canbe rebuilt by the manufacturer
to give acceptable readings on weld metal in terms of FN.
A6.2 Feritscope/“Ferritescope”-.”These instruments,
At the timeof this printing, the ability of Inspector Gages
which consist of a probe connected by a cableto an elec-
to determine ferrite above 30 FN is unknown.
tronics package (Figure A2), are usable in any position.
Several models and a variety of probes are available. A6.4 Other Instruments
Only one model and probe (Model FE8-KF) has been A6.4.1 The following instruments at the time of the
shown to be able to be calibrated with primary standards writing of this revision are not capable of being cali-
as given in Table 2 (see 5.1.1). All others must be calibrated to primary standards. They can, however, be cali-
brated with weld-metal-like secondary standards as no brated to weld-metal-like secondary standards and
standard tables have been developed for calibration with produce acceptableconsistent results. Again, it is the re-
primary standards. Models are available in either battery- sponsibility of the user to ensure that instrument calibra-
powered or alternating current versions. At least one tion is maintained and to have the instrument repairedby
model can be calibrated with secondary standards up to the manufacturer if consistent readings on the weld-
80 FN or more. metal-like secondary standards cannot be obtained. At
the time of this printing, the ability of these instruments
A63 Inspector Gage.13This instrument (FigureA3), is
to determine ferrite above 30 FN is unknown.
usable in any position. It is a hand-held magnetic instru-
A6.4.1.1 Ferrite Indicator (more commonly
called a Severn Guge).14 This instrument (Figure A4) is
12. Manufactured by Fischer Technology, 750 Marshall Phelps
Road, Windsor, CT 06095.
13.Manufactured by Elcorneter, Inc., 1893 Rochester Industrial 14. Manufactured by Severn Engineering Co., Inc., 98 Edge-
Drive, Rochester Hills,MI 48309. wood Street, Annapolis,MD 21401.
18
Figure A.2-Ferritescope Model FE&KF
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure &Inspector Gage
usable in any position. It is a go-no-go-type gage which converted to the FN scale by the manufacturer. Calibra-
determines whether the ferrite content of the weld under tion of a Severn gagewith secondary standards can only
test is above or below that of each of a number of inserts be approximate because the Severn gage does not pro-
of various magnetic strengths which come with the in- vide a discreteFN test value, only a range of possible FN
strument. At least one unthreaded test insert must be values for the sample under test.
available for use in conjunction with one of the threaded
A6.4.1.2 Foerster Ferrite Content Meter.” This
inserts with specified FN values. The purpose of the un-
is a light, portable, battery-powered instrument (Figure
threaded inserts is to assure that the magnet has not lost
strength. Details may be obtained from the manufacturer
for conversion of percent-ferrite values on earlier model
Severn gages to FN. Severn gages calibrated directly in 15. Marketed by Foerstet Instrument, Inc., 140 Industry Drive,
terms of FN are now available. Oldermodel gages can be RIOC Park West, Pittsburgh, PA 15275.
19
STD*AWS A4*2M/A4.2-ENGL 1997 07842b5 0513787 351 M
A4.2MlA4.2:1997
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure A4 -Ferrite Indicator (Severn Gage)

M )usable in any position. It closely resembles the Ferit- base metal may be increased by varying degrees on each
scope in its operation except that it has a single contact- instrument depending on the distance of the magnet or
point probe which allows ferrite determination in very probe from the base metal, on the ferrite content, and on
localized regions. On older models, the meter output in- the permeability of the base metal. Hence, to limit the in-
dicates ferrite content as a percentage, which can be ef- crease in FN values to 0.2 FN maximum dueto the effect
fectively converted to FN values by the use of suitable of a ferromagnetic carbon steel base metal, the carbon
weld-metal-like secondary standards to produce a satis- steel base plate should be approximately 8 mm [0.3 in.]
factory calibration curve. Newer models are now avail- or more away from a Magne-Gage magnet or Inspector
able on whichthe meter reads directly in FN values. Gage magnet, 25 mm [1.0 in.] from a Ferrite Indicator
(Severn Gage), and 5 mm [0.2 in.] from a Feritscope or
A6.4.2 A number of other magneticmeasuring instru-
Foerster Ferrite Content Meter probe. For other instru-
ments are available for various purposes. Many are re-
ments, a safe distance canbe obtained by experimenta-
garded as not suitable in their present form because of
tion or by contacting the instrument manufacturer.If it is
limitations such as range, problemsin calibration, orvary-
not possible toobtain the above minimum distances from
ing response due to the position of useor to their relation
ferromagnetic material in a production situation, FN
to the north-to-south magnetic field lines of the earth.
measurements can still be meaningful if the effect of the
Instruments which are suitable in other respects must
proximity of the ferromagnetic material can be taken into
still be calibrated to the FN scale in a manner traceable to
account. One way to do this is by comparing FN mea-
this standard. This can be accomplished by the use of a
sured with ferromagnetic material in place to FN mea-
set of weld-metal-like secondary standards, as specified
sured with ferromagnetic material removed using
in Section 7, Calibration of Other Instruments. The es- laboratory samples.
tablishment of an adequate correlation is the responsibil-
ity of the user.
A73 Wrought StainlessSteels. It is not intended that the
determination of FN be extended to wrought stainless
steels. Wroughtsteels are beyond thescope of this standard.
A7. Use of Calibrated Instruments
A7.1 Distance from Ferromagnetic Material. The FN A7.3 Cast Stainless Steels. The FNs are not used for
values of stainless steel weld deposits on ferromagnetic cast stainless steels. The same measurement scales used
20
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
21
STD-AWS A4.2M/A4=2-ENGL L777 07842b5 0533789 124
A4.2MIA4.2:1997
AWS Filler Metal Specifications by Material and Welding Process
ESW EGW Brazing
A5.25 A5.26 A5.8, A5.31
A525 A5.26 M.8, M.31
A59 A5.9 A5.8, A5.31
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
23
Previous page is blank
STDeAWS A4=ZH/Aq.Z-ENGL L997 0784Zb5 0533770 7 4 b W
A4.2MlA4.2:1997
AWS Filler Metal Specifications and Related Documents

AWS Desienatioa Title
Comparison
Metal
Filler
FMCCharts
A4.2M/A4.2StandardProceduresforCalibratingMagneticInstrumentstoMeasuretheDeltaFerriteContentofAusteniticand
Duolex Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel Weld Metal
A4.3StandardMethods forDeterminationoftheDiffusibleHydrogenContentofMartensitic,Bainitic,andFerritic
Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding
Procurement
Metal
A5.01
Filler Guidelines
A5.1
Specification
for
Carbon
Steel
Electrodes
for
Shielded
Metal
Arc
Welding
A.5.2
~ ~
Specification
for
Carbon
and
Low-Alloy
Steel
Rods
for
Oxyfuel
GasWelding ~ ~~ ~~~ ~~
A5.3 Specificationfor Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
A5.4
Specification
for
Stainless
Steel
Welding
Electrodes
for
Shielded
Metal
ArcWelding
A5.5 Soecification
for
Low-Allov
Steel
Electrodes
for
Shielded
Metal
Arc
Weldine
A5.6
Specification for Covered
Copper
and
Copper
Alloy
Arc
Welding
Electrodes
A5.7 Specification for Copper
andCopper
Alloy
Bare
Welding Rods and
Electrodes
A5.8 Specification
for
Filler
Metals
for
Brazing
and
Braze
Welding
--`,,,`,`,``,,,,`,``,,`,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
~~ ~~ ~
A5.9 Specification
for
Bare
Stainless
Steel
Welding
Electrodes
and
Rods
A5.10
Specification
for
Bare
Aluminum
and
AluminumAlloy
Welding
Electrodes
and
Rods
A5.11/A5.11MSpecificationforNickelandNickel-AlloyWeldingElectrodesforShieldedMetalArcWelding
A5.12/A5.12M Specification for Tungsten and Tungsten Alloy Electrodes for Arc Welding and Cutting
A513 Specification
for
Solid
Surfacing
Welding
Rods
and
Electrodes
A5.14/A5.14MSpecificationforNickelandNickel-AlloyBareWeldingElectrodesandRods
A5.15
Specification
for
Welding
Electrodes
and
Rods
for
Cast
Iron
~~
A5.16
Specification
for
Titanium
and
Titanium
Alloy
Welding
Electrodes
andRods
~
A5.17/A5.17MSpecificationforCarbonSteelElectrodesandFluxesforSubmergedArcWelding
A5.18
Specification
for
Carbon
Steel
Electrodes
and
Rods
for
Gas
Shielded
Arc
Welding
A5.19
Specification
for
Magnesium
Alloy
Welding
Electrodes
and
Rods
A5.20
Soecification
for
Carbon
Steel
Electrodes
for
Flux
Cored
Arc
Weldine
A5.21
Specification
for
Composite
Surfacing
Welding
Rods
and
Electrodes
A5.22SpecificationforStainlessSteelElectrodes for FluxCoredArcWeldingandStainlessSteelFluxCoredRodsfor
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
A5.23/A5.23MSDecificationforLow-AllovSteelElectrodesandFluxesforSubmereedArcWeldine
AS.24
Specification
for
Zirconium
and
Zirconium
Alloy
Welding
Electrodes
and
Rods
A5.25/A5.25MSpecificationforCarbonandLow-AlloySteelElectrodesandFluxesforElectroslagWelding
Ph5.26/A5.26MSpecificationforCarbonandLow-AlloySteelElectrodesforElectrogasWelding
A5.28
Specification
for
Low-Alloy
Steel
Electrodes
and
Rods
for
Gas
Shielded
Arc
Welding
A5.29
Specification
for
Low-Alloy
Steel
Electrodes
for
Flux
Cored
Arc
Welding
A530 Specification
Consumable
for Inserts
~ _ _ _ _ _
A5.3
Specification
1 for
Fluxes for Brazing
and
Braze
Welding
~~ ~
A5.32/A5.32MSpecification for WeldingShieldingGases
For ordering information, contact the AWS OrderDepartment, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road,
Miami, FL 33126. Telephones: (800) 334-9353, (305) 443-9353, ext. 280; FAX (305) 443-7559.
25 Previous page is blank


AWS A4.2M Standard Procedures For Calibrating Magnetic Instr

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

AWS A4.2M Standard Procedures For Calibrating Magnetic Instr

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

STD-AWS A ' 4 * 2 M / A 4 = 2 - E N t L 179'7 I 0'7842b5 05137b0 1119 m

ANSVAWS A4.2WA4.2: 1997

Standard Procedures for Calibrating

Supersedes ANSI/AWS A4.2-91

Under the Direction of

American Welding Society

International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-534-1

American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126

O 1998 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved

AWS Subcommittee OD Stainless Steel Filler Metals

11 Expected Range of Variation in Measurements with Calibrated Inspector Gages ...................................... 12

1. Scope NIST primary standards and the values in Tables 1, 2, or

mm mils FN mils mm mils FN

2.3 Ferrite Number (FN). An arbitrary, standardized 3. Calibration Methods

mm mils FN mm mils FN mm mils FN

3.9 78.74 2.00 11.2 34.65 0.88 18.1 20.87 0.53

3.22 When secondary standardsare used, the average

instruments (torsion balances), this practice is necessary

over 50 to 90 FN +8%of assigned FN specimen or standards. Without a counterweight, a

Data for the Curves

Figure 1-Examples of Calibration Linesfor W o Magne-Gage Instruments,

Figure %Example of Calibration Linesfor a Magne-Gage Instrument

within the maximum allowable deviations shown in

o to 5 20.50 20.50 20.20

over 18 to 25 20.50 FN 21.0 FN

+Based upon WRC round-robin tests.

Al. Acknowledgment lar sets in Europe by the International Institute of Weld-

NIST SRM Ferritescope

A6.1.2 Returning the Magne-Gage periodically to the

Figure Al-Magne-Gage-Type Instruments

(C) TORSION BALANCE WITH MAGNE-GAGE NO. 3 MAGNET

Figure A l (Continued)-Magne-Gage-Qpe Instruments

Figure &Inspector Gage

Figure A4 -Ferrite Indicator (Severn Gage)

AWS Filler Metal Specifications by Material and Welding Process

ESW EGW Brazing

A5.25 A5.26 A5.8, A5.31

A525 A5.26 M.8, M.31

A59 A5.9 A5.8, A5.31

AWS Filler Metal Specifications and Related Documents

A5.32/A5.32MSpecification for WeldingShieldingGases

25 Previous page is blank

You might also like