Calculus and Differential Equations

PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS & DETAILED SOLUTIONS

∂z ∂z 2) Ordinary differential equation with order

1. If Z=log (x3+y3-x2y- xy2) then ∂x + ∂y =
2 1
1
1) x+y 2) x+y 3) Partial differential equation with order 2
2 1 4) Partial differential equation with order
3) x−y 4) 2x+y
9. The complete integral of the partial
2. If A=fxx (a, b), B=fxy (a, b) c=fyy (a, b) then differential equation p + q=x+y is
f(x, y) has maximum at (a, b) if fx =0, fy =0 1) 2z = (a+x)2 + (y-a)2+b
and 2) 2z = (a-x)2 + (y-a)2+b
1) AC<B2 and A<0 2) AC>B2andA<0 3) z = (a+x)2 + (y-a)2
3) AC<B2andA>0 4) AC>B2 and A>0 4) z=(a-x)2 + (y-a)2
3. The solution of xp+yq=z is ∂2 z ∂2 z ∂2 z
10. The solution of∂x 2 − 2 ∂x ∂y + ∂y 2 = e2x+y
1)f(x,y)=0 2)f(x2,y2) = 0
x y 1) z = f x + y + g x + y + e2x+y
3) f(xy, yz)=0 4) 𝑓 , =0
y z 2) z = f x + y + xg x + y + e2x+y
4. The particular integral of (D2+a2)y=sin ax is 1
ax x 3) z = f(x + y) − g(x + y) + 9 e2x+y
1) 2 cosax 2) −2a cos ax
ax x
4) z = f x − y + xg x − y = e2x+y
3) − 2 cosax 4) 2a cos ax 11. The area of the cardiod r=a(1 + cos θ) is
∂x ∂y ∂z 3πa 2 4πa 2
5. If f(x, y, z) = 0, then ∂y . ∂z . ∂x is 1) 2)
4 3
1) 1 2) 0 3πa 2 2πa 2
3) 4)
2 3
3) -1 4) 2
12. The volume bounded by the cylinder
6. If x=r sinθ cosϕ, y=r sinθ sinϕ, z=r cosϕ
∂ x,y,z
x2+y2=4 and the plane 2 = 3 and z=0 is
then∂ is 1) 12π 2) 6π
r,θ,ϕ
1) r sin2θ 2) r2sinθ 3) 3π 4) π
3) r2sin ϕ 4) rsin2ϕ 13. The formula for the radius of curvature in
dx dy cartesian coordinate is
7. If +y=t and +x=0 then the value of y is
dt dt 2 1/2 2 3/2
1+ y ′ 1+ y ′
1) y = Aet + Be−t + t 1) 2)
y ′′ y ′′
2) y = A cos t + B sint + t
2 3/2 2 3/2
3) y = Aet + Be−t − t 1+ y ′ 1+ y ′
3) 4)
4) y = A cos t + B sint − t y ′′ 2 y ′′ 2

8. Let z=ax+by+xy where a and b are arbitrary 14. The condition for the function z=f(x, y) to
∂z ∂z
constants and x, y are independent variables. havea extremum at (a, a) is =0 and =0.
∂x ∂y
The differential equation which is related to ∂2 z ∂2 z ∂2z
A= , B = ∂x ∂y , C = ∂y 2 ∆= AC − B2 the
the above is ∂x 2
1) Ordinary differential equation with order function z has a maximum value at (a, a) If
2 1) ∆>0, A<0 2) ∆>0, A=0

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 Calculus and Differential Equations

3) ∆<0, A>0 4) ∆>0, A>0 B

1) Ax+x 4 2) Ax+Bx4
15. The stationary point of B A B
3) Ax4 + x 4) x + x 4
f(x, y)=x2-xy + y2-2x + y is
1) (0, 1) 2) (1,0) 24. A particle of mass m falls under gravity
3) (-1,0) 4) (1,-1) through a medium whose resistance is equal
π/2 sin x to μ times its velocity. The corresponding
16. 0
dx is
sin x+cos x differential equation is, if x is the distance in
π
1) 2 2) π ‘t’, then
π
3) 4 4) 2π 1) mx"+μx'=0 2) mx"+μx'=-mg
17. xcosx dx is 3) mx"+μx'=mg 4) mx"=μx'
1) xsinx − cosx 2) xsinx + cosx 25. If x=f(t) and y=g(t) then the formula for
3) xsinx − xcosx 4) xsinx + xcosx radius of curvature in parametric coordinates
18. The solution of is
3/2 3/2
y y y x 2 +y 2 x 2 +y 2
xtan x − ysec 2 x dx + xsec 2 x dy = 0 is 1) x y−y x
2) x y −y x
y x 1/2 3/2
1) x tan x = c 2) x tan y = c x 2 −y 2 x 2 −y 2
3) 4)
y x x y −x y x y −y x
3) x tan x = c 4) x tan y = c 26. Divide a length ‘a’ into three equal parts x, y
19. The necessary and sufficient conditions for and z such that their product is maximum.
a a a a a a
the differential equation M dx+N dy=0 to be 1) x = 3, y = 3, z = 3 2) x = 2, y = 2, z = 2
exact is a a a a a a
∂M ∂N ∂M ∂N
3) x = 4, y = 2, z = 4 4) x = 6, y = 3, z = 3
1) = 2) =
∂x ∂y ∂y ∂x 27. The condition for the function z=f(x, y) to
∂M ∂N ∂M − ∂N ∂z ∂z
3) = 4) = have a extremum at (a, a) is ∂x = 0 and ∂y =0
∂x ∂y ∂y ∂x
e 4x ∂2 z ∂2 z ∂2z
20. The value of D−2 is A = , B = ∂x ∂y , C = ∂y 2 ∆= AC − B2 .
∂x 2
e 4x −e 4x
1) 2) Then the function z has a minimum value at
4 4
1 4x −e 4x (a, a) if
3) e 4)
2 2 1) ∆>0, ∆<0 2) ∆>0, ∆>0
21. Divide 24 into 3 parts such that the 3) ∆<0, ∆<0 4) ∆<0, ∆>0
continued 1st; square of the second and cube π
28. 0
logx dx js
of the 3rd may be minimum
1) –π logx+π 2) -(π +π log π)
1) 12, 3, 9 2) 14, 6, 4
3) π log π-π 4) π log π-1
3) 4, 8, 12 4) 4, 3, 17 π/2
22. Formation of the differential equation from 29. 0
log tanθ dθ is
y=(Ax+2)ex is 1) π/4 2) 1
1) (D2-2D + 1)y = 0 2) (D2+2D+1)y = 0 3) π 4) 0
3) (D2+ 1)y = 0 4) (D2-l)y = 0 30. The radius of curvature of the curve
23. Solution of Euler’s equation (x2y”-2xy’- x2+y2+4x-21=0 is
4y)=0 1) 2 2) 5
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 Calculus and Differential Equations

1 1 39. The particular integral of (D2 + 4)y = cos23x

3) 2 4)5
is
31. The centre of curvature at (1, 1) on x+ 1 1 1 1
1) 8 − 64 - cos 6x 2) 8 + 64 cos6x
y = 2 is
1 1 1 1
1) (3,3) 2) (-3,-3) 3)64 − 8sin 6x 4) 8 + 64 sin6x
1 1 −1 −1
3) , 4) , 40. The value of the integral dxdy over the
3 3 3 3
32. The minimum value of x2+y2+6y+12 is region bounded by x=0, y=0 and x+1 is
3
1)-3 2) 3 1) 1 2) 2
3) 12 4) 20 1 2
3) 2 4) 3
33. The general solution of the differential ∞
41. The value of the integral x 2 e−3x dx is
equation (x2D2+xD)y=5 is 0
2 1
5x 2 5 2 1) 27 2) 3
1) y=A+ 2) y = 2 log x
2 2 7
3) 9 4) 27
5x 2 x 4 +y 4
3) y = Ax + B + 42. If ϕ (x, y) = log , then which of
2 x+y
5
4) y = Alogx + B + 1 (logx)2 thefollowing is true?
∂2 ϕ ∂2 ϕ ∂ϕ ∂ϕ
34. The point (0, 1) is a point at which the 1) x ∂x 2 + y ∂y 2 = 3 2) x ∂x + y ∂y = 3
function 2(x2-y2)-x4+y4 has a ∂ϕ ∂ϕ
3) x 2 ∂x + y 2 ∂y = 3
1) local maximum 2) local minimum
∂ϕ ∂ϕ
3) global maximum 4) saddle point 4) x 2 + y2 = 3logϕ
∂x ∂y
35. Which of the following is a harmonic
43. The complementary function of
function? 2
2d y dy
1) exx 2) exsin y 1+x + 1+x + y = 0 is
dx 2 dx
3) x2+y2 4) sin x cos y 1) c1 cos(log(1 + x)) + c2 sin(log(1 + x))
36. Which of the following satisfies the equation 2) c1 cos 1 + x + c2 sin 1 + x
y"-3y'+2y=2? 3) c1 cos(logx) + c2 sin (logx)
1) y=2ex-3e2x+1 2) y=2ex+3e2x+2 4) c1 cos x + c2 sin x
3) y=2ex-3e2x-l 4) y=2ex+3e2x-2
37. The set of two positive numbers whose sum DETAILED SOLUTIONS
is 16 and sum of whose cubes is maximum 1. (1)
is z = log(x3+y3-x2y-xy2)
1) (6, 10) 2) (8, 8) ∂z 3x 2 − 2xy − y 2
=
3) (4,12) 4) (9,7) ∂x x 3 + y 3 − x 2 y − xy 2
38. A point of local maximum for the curve x3y ∂z 3y 2 − x 2 − 2xy
=3x4+ 1 is = 3
∂y x + y 3 − x 2 y − xy 2
1) (-1,-4) 2) (1, 4) Now,
3) (1,-4) 4) (-1,4)

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 Calculus and Differential Equations

∂z ∂z dy
=
dz
+ y z
∂x ∂y
log y = log z + log c2
3x 2 − 2xy − y 2 + 3y 2 − x 2 − 2xy
= y = zc2
x 3 + y 3 − x 2 y − xy 2 y
2x 2 +2y 2 −4xy
= c2 ... (2)
z
= x2 x−y −y 2 x−y From (1) and (2) the solution is
=
2 x−y 2
=
2 x−y x y
x 2 −y 2 x−y x 2 −y 2 f , =0
y z
2 x−y
= 4. (2)
x+y x−y
2 Particular integral for (D2+a2)y=sin ax is
=
x+y –x cos ax
2. (2) 2a
A=fxx (a, b); B = fxy (a, b) 5. (3)
C=fyy (8, b) then f(x, y) has maximum at (a, f(x, y, z)=0, then
∂x ∂y ∂z
b) . . = −1
if fx =0, fy =0 and AC-B2>0, A<0 ∂y ∂z ∂x
6. (2)
i.e., AC>B2 and A<0
x = r sinθ cosϕ
3. (4)
y = r sinθ cosϕ
xp + yq = z
z = r cos θ
This is Lagrange’s linear equation of the
Now,
type
x = r sinθ cosϕ
Pp + Qq = R
∂x
dx dy dz = sinθ cosϕ
Solution is P = = ∂r
Q R
∂x
Therefore solution of xp+yq=z is given by = r cosθ cosϕ
∂θ
dx dy dz
= = ∂x
x y z = −rsinθ sin ϕ
∂ϕ
From first two equations
y = r sin θ sin ϕ
dx dy
= ∂y
x y = sinθ sin ϕ
∂r
dx dy ∂y
= = r cosθ sinϕ
x y ∂θ
⇒ log x = log y + log c1 ∂y
= −rsinθcos
⇒ x = yc1 ∂ϕ
x
⇒y = c1 z = r cos θ
∂z
Also from last two equations = cosθ
dy dz ∂r
= ∂y
y z = −r sinϕ
∂θ

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 Calculus and Differential Equations

∂z = Aet+Be-t
=0
∂ϕ −t −t
Now, Particular integral =D 2 −1 = − 1−D 2
∂x ∂x ∂x = t 1 − D2 −1
∂r ∂θ ∂ϕ = t 1 + D2 + D4 + ⋯
∂ x, y, z ∂y ∂y ∂y = t + D2 t + ⋯
=
∂ r, θ, ϕ ∂r ∂θ ∂ϕ = t+0 = t
∂z ∂z ∂z Solution
∂r ∂θ ∂ϕ y = CF+PI
sinθ cosϕ cosθ cosϕ −r sinθ sinϕ = Aet+Be-t+ t
= sinθ sinϕ cosθ sinϕ r sinθ cosϕ 8. (4)
cosϕ −r sinθ 0 z = ax + by + xy ... (1)
sinθ cosϕ cosθ cosϕ −sinϕ ∂z
2 ⇒∂x = a + y
= r sinθ sinθ sinϕ cosθ sinϕ cosϕ
∂z
−cosϕ −sinθ 0 ⇒ a = ∂x − y
2
= r sinθ sinθ cosϕ 0 + sinθ cosϕ − ∂z
Also, ∂y = b + x
cosθ cosϕ0−cosθ cosϕ−sinϕ− sin2θ
∂z
sinϕ−cos2θ sinϕ ⇒ b = ∂y − x
= r 2 sinθ cos 2 ϕ sin2 θ + cos2 θ + ∂z ∂z
sin2ϕsin2θ+cos2θ ∴ (1) ⇒z = x −y +y − x + xy
∂x ∂y
= r 2 sinθ cos 2 ϕ + sin2 ϕ ∂z ∂z
z=x + y − xy
=r 2 sinθ ∂x ∂y
7. (1) This is a partial differential equation with
dx order 1.
+y =1
dt 9. (8)
dx
=t−y ... (1) p+q = x +y
dt
Also given ⇒ p−x = y– q = a
dy ⇒ p − x = a; y − q = a
x+ =0 ⇒ p = a + x; q = y − a
dt
Differentiating with respect to The solution is given by
dx d2 y dz = pdx + qdy
+ =0 ⇒ dz = (a + x)dx + (y − a)dy
dt dt 2
d2y 𝑎+𝑥 2 𝑦 −𝑎 2
∴ (1) ⇒t – y + dt 2 = 0 ⇒𝑧= + +𝑘
2 2
d2y
⇒ dt 2 − y = −t ⇒2z = a + x 2 + y − a 2 + b
where b = 2k
Auxiliary equation is
10. (8)
m2 - 1 = 0
Let z = f(x + y) + g(x + y) + e2x+y
m=±1
∂z
∴Complementary function = C.F = f ′ (x + y) + g ′ (x + y) + 2e2x+y
∂x
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 Calculus and Differential Equations

∂2 z Radis of the base = 2

= f ′′ (x + y) + g ′′ (x + y) + 4e2x+y
∂x 2
Height = 3
Similarly
∴Volume = πr 2 h
∂2 z
2
= f ′′ (x + y) + g ′′ (x + y) + e2x+y = π × 22 × 3 = 12π
∂y
Also,
∂2 z
= f ′′ (x + y) + g ′′ (x + y) + e2x+y 13. (2)
∂x ∂y 2 Radius of curvature in cartesian coordinates
∂2z ∂2 z ∂2 z
∴∂x 2 − 2 ∂x ∂y = ∂y 2 = e2x+y 𝑑𝑦 2 3/2
1+
11. (3) 𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑦′ 2 3/2
= =
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑦 ′′
𝑑𝑥 2
14. (1)
2
∂2 z ∂2 z ∂2 z
For maximum∂x 2 . ∂y 2 − > 0 and
∂x ∂y
∂2 z
<0
π a 1+cos θ ∂x 2
Area = 2 0 0 r dr dθ i.e.∆>0 and A<0
a 1+cos θ
π r2 15. (2)
=2 0 2 dθ
0 f = x2-xy + y2-2x + y
π
= a2 0 1 + cos θ 2 dθ ∂f
π = 2x − y − 2
= 4a2 0 cos4 dθ ∂x
∂f
θ
put 2 = ϕ = −x + 2x + 1
∂y
π/2
∴ Area = 8a2 0
cos 4 ϕdϕ For stationary points
3 1 π ∂f ∂f
= 8a2 × 4 × 2 × 2 = 0; =0
∂x ∂y
3πa 2
= ⇒ 2x-y = 2 and x- 2y = 1
2
12. (1) Solving (x, y) = (1, 0)
∴Stationary point is (1, 0)
16. (3)
π/2 sin x dx
Let I = 0
... (1)
sin x+cos x
π a

Formula: f x dx = f a − x dx
0 0
Using the above formula
π π
sin −x dx
2 2
I= 0 sin π π
−x +cos −x
2 2

From the figure

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 Calculus and Differential Equations

π/2 cos x dx e 4x e 4x e 4x
= 0 cos x+sin x
... (2) P.I. = D−2 = 4−2 = 2
Adding (1) and (2) 21. (2)
π π
2I= 2
sin x dx
+ 2
cos x dx x + y + z = 24 and
0 sin x+cos x 0 sin x+cos x
π xy 2 z 3 = minimum
sin x+cos x
= 2
0 sin x+cos x
dx Given choices are
π
x/2 π 12 × 32× 93 = 78732
= 2 dx = x 0 =
0 2 14 × 62× 43 = 32256
π
∴I=4 4 × 82× 123 = 442368
17. (2) 4 × 32× 173 = 176868
∴x=14, y=6, z=4 gives minimum product.
udv = uv − vdu
22. (1)
Consider y = (Ax+2)ex
u = x; dv = cos x dx ⇒ ye-x = Ax + 2
du = dx; dv = cos x dx Differentiate with respect to x
y'e-x- ye-x = A
⇒ v = sinx Diff. again with respect to x
∴ x cos x dx = uv − vdu y"e-x-y'ex-(y'e-x-ye-x) = 0
= xsinx − sin xdx ⇒y"e-x-2y'e-x+ye-x = 0
= xsinx − −cosx ⇒ (y"-2y'+y)e-x = 0
= xsinx + cos x since e-x≠0
18. (1) ⇒ y" - 2y'+y = 0
y
Consider x tan x = 𝑐 ⇒ (D2- 2D + 1)y = 0
Differentiating w.r. to x 23. (3)
dy x2y"-2xy'-4y = 0
2
y x dx − y y d2 y dy
xsec + tan =0 x 2
− 2x − 4y = 0
x x2 x dx 2 dx
d
y dy y put z = log x and θ = dz
⇒sec 2 x dx − y + x tan x = 0
x dy
y dy y y then dx = θ dx
⇒𝑥 sec 2 + x tan x − y sec 2 x = 0
x dx
d2 y
2 y y y
=θ θ−1
⇒𝑥 sec dy + x tan − y sec 2 dx =
x x x dx 2
0 ∴Given equation is reduced to
y (θ(θ-1)-2θ -4)y = 0
∴𝑥 tan = c is a solution of the given
x
⇒(θ2-3θ -4)y = 0
differential equation.
⇒(θ2-3θ -4)y = 0
19. (2)
∂M ∂N Auxiliary equation is
Mdx + Ndy = 0 is exact if = m2-3m-4 = 0
∂y ∂x
20. (3) ⇒(m + l)(m-4) = 0

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 Calculus and Differential Equations

a a a
⇒ m = -1, 4 i.e. when 𝑥 = 3 , y = 3 , z = 3 product is
Solution: maximum.
y = Ae4z + Be-z Method: 2
= Ae4logx + Be−logx Let f=xyz
4
= Aelogx + Belog 1/x Given thatx + y + z = a
B
= Ax4 + x take g = x + y + z − a
24. (2) Let F = f − λg
Required equation is F = xyz − λ (x + y + z − a)
𝑑𝑣 By Lagrange’s multiplier method the values
m. = −mg − μv of x,y,z for which f is maximum is obained
𝑑𝑡
⇒ mx'' + μx' = -mg by
25. (2) ∂F ∂F ∂F
= 0, = 0, =0
x 2 +y 2
3/2 ∂x ∂y ∂z
Radius of curvature ρ = ∂F
x y −y x and ∂λ = 0
26. (1)
∂F
Check through choices by (1) =0
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 ∂x
𝑥 = ;𝑦 = ;𝑧 = ⇒yz + λ = 0
3 3 3
a a a ⇒ λ = −yz
clearly 3 + 3 + 3 = a
⇒ λx = −xyz... (1)
a a a a3
and xyz = . . = ∂F
3 3 3 27 =0
a a
by (2)x = 2 , y = 4 , z = 4
a ∂y
a a a ⇒xz + λ = 0
clearly2 + 4 + 4 = a
⇒ λ = −xz
a a a a3
and xyz = 2 . 4 . 4 = 32 ⇒ λy = −xyz... (2)
by (3) ∂F
=0
a a a ∂z
x =4, y = 2, z =4
⇒xy + λ = 0
clearly ⇒ λx = −xyz... (3)
a a a
+ + =a ∂F
4 2 4 =0
a a a a3 ∂λ
and xyz = . . = ⇒ x + y + z = a... (4)
4 2 4 32
a a a
By (2)x = 6 , y = 3 , z = 3 Adding (1) + (2) + (3)
a a a 5a ⇒λ(x + y + z) = −3xyz
x+y+z= + + = ≠a By (4)
6 3 3 6
∴Option (4) is not correct λa = -3xyz
−3xyz
By (1), (2), (3) ⇒λ = a
Maximum product is attained in (1) (1) ⇒λx = −xyz

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 Calculus and Differential Equations

−3xyz Radius = 22 + 21 =5
x = −xyz
a 31. (1)
3x
=1 x+ y=2
a
a Differentiate w.r. to x
x=3
1 −1 1 1

Similarly x 2 + 2 y −2 . y1 = 0 .... (1)

2
𝑎 𝑎 At (1, 1)
𝑦= ;𝑧 =
3 3 1 −
1 1 1
27. (2) 1 2 1 −2 . y1 = 0
+
2 2
If ∆>0, A>0, then Z has a minimum. 1 1
+ y =0
28. (3) 2 2 1
π ⇒y1 = −1
Let I = 0 logx dx
Diff. (1) w.r. to x
u = log x; dv=dx
1 1 3 1 3 1 1
du= x dx ; v=x − x −2 − y −2 y1 . y1 + y −2 y2 = 0
4 4 2
∴ 1 = uv − vdu at (1, 1)
= x log x π
−
π 1
x x dx 1 3 1 3 1 1
0 0 − 1 −2 − 1 −2 −1 −1 + y −2 y2
4 4 2
= π log π − 0 x π0
=0
= π log π − π 1 1 y2
29. (4) ⇒− 4 − 4 + =0
2
π
⇒ y2 = 1
Let I = 2 log(tanθ)dθ
0 Let (α, β) be the centre of curvature at (1, 1)
Adding (1) and (2)
a a
then
𝑦 1 1+𝑦12
f x dx = f a − x dx α=𝑥− 𝑦2
0 0 −1 1+ −1 2
π
π
=1− 1
So, I = 2
0
log tan − θ dθ
2 =3
π
1+𝑦 12
= 2
0
log cot θ dθ .... (2) β=y+ 𝑦2
Adding (1) and (2) 1+ −1 2
π =1+ 1
2I = 2
0
log tan θ dθ + log cot θ dθ
π
=3
= 2 log tan θ cot θ dθ ∴ Centre of curvature = (3, 3)
0
π π 32. (2)
= 2
0
log 1dθ = 2
0
0 dθ Let F = x 2 + y 2 + 6y + 12
= 0 ⇒1=0 ∂f
30. (2) = 2x
∂x
x2+y2+4x-21 = 0 is an equation of a circle. ∂F
= 2y + 6
The radius of curvature of the circle is the ∂y
radius of the circle.
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 Calculus and Differential Equations

∂2F ∴ y = C.F. + P.I.

=0
∂x ∂y 5 2
2 2 = A log x + B + 2 log x
∂ F ∂ F
2
= 2; 2 = 2 34. (2)
∂x ∂y
∂2F Let f(x, y) = 2 x 2 − y 2 − x 4 + y 4
Now, ∂x 2 = 2 ∂F
∂2 F = 4x − 4x 3
∂x
=2 ∂2 F
∂y 2 = 4 − 12x 2
∂x 2
∂F
=0⇒x=0 ∂F
∂x = −4y + 4y 3
∂F ∂y
= 0 ⇒ y = −3 ∂2 F
∂y = −4 + 12y 2
∴ The extreme point is (-0, 3) ∂y 2
2 ∂2 F
∂2 F ∂2 F ∂2 F =0
. − ∂x ∂y
∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂x ∂y
At (0, 1)
=4–0=4>0
∂2 F ∂ 2 F ∂2 F
∂2 F . − = 4 −4 + 12 − 0
Also ∂x 2 = 2 > 0 ∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂x ∂y
∴ The point (0, -3) gives minimum value = 32 > 0
Minimum value is F (0, -3) ∂2 F
Also ∂x 2 = 4 − 12x 2
= 02 + −3 2 + 6 −3 + 12
∂2 F
=3 0,1 = 4 > 0
∂x 2
33. (4)
∂2 F
put x = ex > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑
∂x 2
⇒ z = log x
∂2 F ∂2 F ∂2 F
Let D = x dx
d . − >0
∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂x ∂y
d2 So, the point (0, 1) is a minimum point.
then x 2 dx 2 = D(D − 1)
35. Let z = ex sin y
∴ Given equation becomes
∂z
D D−1 +D y = 5 = ex sin y
∂x
⇒ D2 y = 0 ∂2 z
A.E = m2 = 0 = ex sin y
∂x 2
⇒ m = 0, 0 ∂z
∴ C.F. = Az + B e0z = ex cos y
∂y
= A log x +B ∂2 z
5 5e 0z 2
= −ex sin y
P.I. = D 2 = ∂y
D2
5 2 ∂2z ∂2 z
= z ∴∂x 2 + ∂y 2 = ex sin y − ex sin y
2
5 2 =0
= 2 log x
36. (1)
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 Calculus and Differential Equations

y'' -3y' + 2y =2 ∴ x = -1 gives maximum.

To find C.F. ∴ when x = -1
D2 − 3D + 2 y = 0 1
𝑦 = 3 −1 + = −3 − 1
A.E. ⇒ 32 – 3m +2 =0 −1 3
⇒ m−2 m−1 =0 = -4
⇒ m = 2, 1 ∴ −1, −4 is the local maximum.
∴ C.F. = Aex + Be2x 39. (1)
2 2e 0x 1 + cos 6x
P.I. = D 2 −3D+2 = D 2 −3D+2 cos2 3x =
2
2e0x 1 + cos 6x
= =1 D2 + 4 y =
0−0+2 2
∴ General solution y = CF + PI 1 + cos 6x
⇒ y = Aex + Be2x + 1 P. I. = 2
2
D +4
y = 2ex − 3e2x + 1 is in the above from. So 1 cos 6𝑥
it is the required solution.
= 2 2 + 22
37. (3) D +4 D +4
63+103 = 1216 e 0x cos 6𝑥
=2 +2
D 2 +4 D 2 +4
83+83 = 1024
e 0x cos 6𝑥
43+123 = 1792 =2 +
02 +4 2 −36+4
93+73 = 1072 1
=8+2
cos 6𝑥

∴The point (4, 12) gives maximum. −32

1 cos 6𝑥
38. (1) =8− 64
x 3 y = 3x 4 + 1 40. (3)
1
y = 3x+x 3 ∬ dxdy = Area of the region bounded by C
dy c
= 3 − 3x 4
dx
d2 y −5
12
= 12x =
dx 2 x5
dy
=0
dx
⇒3 − 3x 4 = 0
1
⇒3 1 − x 4 = 0 ∬ dxdy = Area of ∆ OAB
c
⇒x 4 = 1 1
= 2 OA × OB
⇒x=±1 1 1
d2 y 12 =2×1×1=2
=
dx 2 x 5 41. (1)
2
d y 12 Formula:
x = −1 =
dx 2 −1 5 By Laplace transformation,
= -12 < 0
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 Calculus and Differential Equations

∞ −st ∂ϕ ∂ϕ
L(f(t)) =0
e f t dt ⇒xeϕ . ∂x + yeϕ = 3eϕ
∂x
n!
AlsoL t n = S n +1 ⇒x
∂ϕ ∂ϕ
+ y ∂y = 3
∂x
∞ ∞
Consider 0 x 2 e−3x dx = 0 x 2 e−St dt 43. (1)
where S = 3 put (1+x) = ez
= L(x2) ⇒ log(1+x) = z
2! 2 2 d
= S 2+1 = S 3 = 33 ∵ S = 3 Also D = dz
2
= 27 Given equation becomes
Method: 2 (D (D-1) + D+ 1)y = ez- 1
∞ Auxiliary equation
x 2 e−3x dx m2-m + m +-1 = 0
0
m2 +1 = 0
u=x2; dv=e-3xdx ⇒ m = ±i, = 0±i
du=2x dx; e−3x dx = dv Complementary function
e −3x = e0z c1 cos z + c2 sin z
⇒v =
∞
−3 = c1 cos z + c2 sin z
2 −3x
∴ 0
x e dx = uv − vdu = c1 cos log 1 + x + c2 sin log 1 + x
∞
e −3x ∞ e −3x
= x2 . − 0 −3
. 2xdx 44. (4)
−3 0 sin 2x − cos 2x
2 ∞ P.I. =
= 0 + 3 0 𝑥 e−3x 𝑑𝑥 D 2 +4
sin 2x cos 2x
2 x.e −3x
∞
1 ∞ −3x = −
D 2 +4 D 2 +4
=3 +3 0
e dx
3 0 Formula:
∞
2
=3 0+3
1 e −3x sin αx −x cos αx
−3 −
0 D2 + α2 2α
−2
= 27 e −∞
−e 0 cos αx x sin αx
−
2 D2 + α2 2α
= 27 −x cos 2x x sin 2x
∴ P.I. = + 4
42. (2) 4
45. (1)
Let u = eϕ
x 4 +y 4 D2 − 3D + 2 y = 2
log
=e x +y
A.E. = m2 − 3m + 2 = 0
x 4 +y 4 ⇒ m−2 m−1 =0
= x+y
m = 1, 2
∴ u is a homogeneous function of degree 3.
⇒ CF = Aex + Be2x
∴ By Euler’s theorem 2
∂u ∂u P.I. = D 2 −3D+2
x +y = 3u 2e 0x
∂x ∂y = D 2 −3D+2
But u = eϕ 2e 0x 2
∂ eϕ ∂ eϕ
= 0−0+2 = 2 = 1
∴x +y = 3eϕ
∂x ∂y ∴ Solution:
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 Calculus and Differential Equations

y'' – 3y + 2y = 2 Slope of the normal at (1, 2)

−1 −2
is in the form. = =
m 3
y = Aex + Be2x + 1
∴Equation of the normal at (1, 2) is
since y = 2ex + 3e2x + 1 is in the above −2
(y-2) = 3 (x - 1)
from (A = 2; B = -3) it is the solution of
y'' – 3y + 2y = 2 3y-6 = -2x+2
46. (4) 2x+3y-8 = 0
z x − y = x2 + y2 50. (1)
x 2 +y 2 x3y = 3x4+ 1
⇒z= 1
x−y y = 3x+x 3
∴ z is a homogeneous function of degree 1
dy
∴By Euler’s formula = 3 − 3x −4
dx
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 dy
𝑥 +𝑦 = 1. 𝑧 =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 dx
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 ⇒ 3 1 − x −4 =0
𝑥 +𝑦 −𝑧=0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 ⇒x 4 = 1
47. (3) ⇒x = ±1
63+103 = 1216 ∴ x = ±1
83+ 83 = 1024 d2 y
43+123 = 1792 = 12x −5
dx 2
93+73 = 1072 12
= x5
∴(4, 12) gives maximum
d2 y 12
48. (1) x = −1 = = −12 < 0
2 dx 2 −1 5
If f(x) = xex + c
df 2 2
∴ x = -1gives maximum.
then dx = ex +2x2ex when x = -1
2
= ex 1 + 2x 2 y = -4
i.e., derivative of xex +c is xex
2 2
(l+2x2) ∴ (-1, -4) is the local maximum
2 2 51. (3)
Integration of.ex (1 + 2x2) is xex + c
x sin 6 x
49. (2) Let I = −x cos x+sin 6 x
6
dx
y2 = 3x2+ 1 x sin 6 x
=2 −x cos 6 x+sin 6 x
dx
Differentiate w.r. to x
1 x 6
sin x
dy ⇒2 = 0 sin 6 x+cos 6 x dx ... (1)
2ydx = 6x
dy 3x Applying the formula
= 2a a
dx y 0
f x dx = 2 0
f x dxwhen f(x) is even
π
Slope of the tanget at (1, 2) 1 sin 6 x
dy (1) ⇒2 2
0 sin 6 x+cos 6 x
dx
m = dx 1,2 π
1 sin 6 x
3 1 3 ⇒4 = 2
0 sin 6 x+cos 6 x
dx
= =2
2
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 Calculus and Differential Equations

a a
Using the formula f x dx = f a − x dx ∴Complementary function is Ae−3x + Be−x
0 0
(2) ⇒Using the 54. (4)
π sin 6
π
−x dx
Given velocity α (distance)2
1 2
⇒4 = 2
0 sin 6 π −x π dx dx
+cos 6 −x ∝ x2
2 2
π 6
cos x dx
dt
= 2 ... (3) dx
0 cos 6 x+sin 6 x = kx 2
Adding (2) and (3) dt
1 1
π
sin 6 x+cos 6 x d2 x dx
⇒4 + 4 = 2 dx 2
= 2kx.
0 sin 6 x+cos 6 x dt dt
π 2
⇒ =
1 2 dx = 2kx. kx
2 0 2 3
π/2 π
= 2k x
= x 0 = i.e., Acceleration = 2k2(distance)3
2
∴I=π ⇒ Acceleration ∝ (distance)3
52. (1) ∴n=3
xexy + 2y dy + yexy = 0 55. (2)
yexy dx + xexy + 2y dy = 0 Let f(x, y) = 2(x2-y2)-x4+y4
= Mdx+Ndy ∂f
= 4x − 4x 3
where M = yexy ∂x
N = yexy +2y ∂2 f
2
= 4 − 12x 2
Now,
∂M
= xyexy + exy ∂x
∂y ∂f
∂N = −4y + 4y 3
= xyexy + exy ∂y
∂x ∂2 f
∂M
∴ ∂y =
∂N = −4 + 12y 2
∂x ∂y 2
So given equation is exact. ∂2 f
=0
yexy ∂x ∂y
Mdx = = exy
y At (0, 1)
2
(keep y as constant) ∂2 f ∂ 2 f ∂2 f
xexy 2y 2 . − = 4 −4 + 12
Ndy = + ∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂x ∂y
x 2 = 32 >0
(keep x as constant) ∂2 f
Also = 4 − 12x 2
= exy + y 2 ∂x 2
53. (3) ∂2 f
0,1 = 4 > 0
Given differential equation is ∂x 2
2
(D +4D+3)y=0 ∴The point (0, 1) is a minimum point.
Auxiliary equation is 56. (1)
m2+4m+3 = 0 Given equation is
⇒ (m+3)(m +1) = 0 . (x2-4xy-2y2)dx+(y2-4xy-2x2)dy = 0
⇒ m = -1,-3 Let M = x2-4xy-2y2

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 Calculus and Differential Equations

1
N = y2-4xy-2x4 dy 1+log x −x. log x
∴dx = x
=
∂M 1+log x 2 1+log x
= −4x + 4y
∂y 60. (1)
π
∂N Let I = log 1 − cos x dx ... (1)
= −4y − 4x 0
∂x Using the formula
a
f x dx =
∂M ∂N 0
since ∂y = ∂x a
0
f a − x dx
Given equation is exact. π
I= 0
log 1 − cos π − x dx
57. (3) π
Auxiliary equation is m2-2m+1 = 0 = 0
log 1 − cos x dx .... (2)
⇒ (m-1)2= 0 Adding (1) and (2)
π
⇒ m = 1,1 2I= 0
log 1 − cos x + log 1 − cos x dx
C.F = (A+Bx)ex π
= 0
log 1 − cos x 1 + cos x dx
ex cos x π
P.I. = D 2 −2D+1 = 0
log 1 − cos2 x dx
cos x π
= ex = log sin2 xdx
D+1 2 −2 D+1 +1 0
π
= ex
cos x 2I=2 0
log sin x dx
D 2 +2D+1−2D−2+1 π
x cos x I= log sin x dx
= e D2 0
π
x
= −e cos x =2 0
2 log sin x dx
π
General solution is I
= 0
2 log sin x dx ... (3)
y = C.F+P.I. 2
Result:
= A + Bx ex − ex cosx π
= ex [A + Bx − cosx] 2
π
58. (2) log sin x dx = log 2
2
Formula: 0
sin αx −x cos αx 1 −π
= ∴ (3) ⇒2 = 2
log 2
D2 + α2 α2 ⇒ I = −π log 2
sin 2x −x cos 2x
∴ P.I. = D 2 +4 = 61. (4)
4
59. (2) dy
= e2x+4y+5
x y = ex−y dx
Taking log on both sides = e2x+5 e4y
log x y = log ex−y ⇒e−4y dy = e2x+5 dx
⇒ y log x = (x-y)log e e −4y e 2x +5
Integrate = +c
4 2
= (x-y) [∵loge=1]
62. (3)
⇒ y log x+y = x
Given D.E. is
⇒y[1+logx] = x
x p2 x 4 − xp − y = 0
⇒ y = 1+log x P’s discriminant is
x 2 + 4yx 4 = 0
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 Calculus and Differential Equations

⇒1 + 4yx 2 = 0 =
− sin 2x.4tan 2x
dx
2 2
4yx = −1 sin 2 2x
1 = −2 dx
cos 2x
y+ 2 =0 1−cos 2 2x
4x = −2 dx
2
63. (1) D + 4 y = 4 tan 2x cos 2x

A.E = m2+4=0 = −2 sec 2x dx − cos 2x dx

1 sin 2x
m = ±2i = −2 log sec 2x + tan 2x −
2 2
C.F. = c1 cos2x + c2 sin2x = sin 2x − log sec 2x + tan 2x
f1 X
Q=
P.I. =Pf1 + Qf2 f 1 f ′2 −f ′1 f 2
cos 2x.4 tan 2x
f1 = cos2x = dx
2
f2 = sin2x = 2 sin 2x dx
f1′ = -2sin2x = −cos2x
f2′ = 2cos2x P.I. = Pf1+Qf2
f1 f2′ − f2 f1′ = 2cos2x cos2x-sin 2x(-2sin 2x) = cos2x[sin2x − log(sec2x + tan2x)] −
= 2[cos22x+sin22x] cos2x sin2x
=2 = −cos2x log(sec2x + tan2x)
f 2 X dx
p= f 1 f ′2 −f ′1 f 2
where x = 4 tan 2x

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