Eastern Visayas State University

College of Business and Entrepreneurship

Accountancy Department

PROPOSITION
(Video Presentation)

Gen Ed 004 Mathematics in the Modern World

SUBMITTED BY:

Abaño, Jessrael
Torres, Niña Rica
Casio, Menneate Jezryl
Rabotaso, Cielo Mae
Jabien, Arielle Rose
BS in Accountancy 1D

SUBMITTED TO:
Ms. Kareen Mae Gahuman
Instructress
Dear Groupmate,
Kindly follow these intros and exits. Thank You!
Intro:
Hi! I am (state your name). (state what you’re going to discuss, briefly )(and start your
discussion. You may discuss it accordingly to what you want to add-up or make an “adlib”)
Exit:
(Center yourself in the screen, smile, and cover your lenses to black)

Subjects to be Learned:

1. Logic Definitions
1.1. Propositions.
(Jessrael) <not sure if you’re going to include the definition of logic>
Definition 1.1.1. A proposition is a declarative sentence that is either
true (denoted either T or 1) or false (denoted either F or 0).

Notation: Variables are used to represent propositions. The most common variables
used are p, q, and r.

How can we know if the statement or sentence is a Proposition?

Sentences considered in propositional logic are not arbitrary sentences but are
the ones that are either true or false, but not both. This kind of sentences are
called propositions.

If a proposition is true, then we say it has a truth value of "true"; if a proposition is false, its
truth value is "false".

1.2 EXAMPLES (Torres)

Example 1.2.1
"Grass is green", and "2 + 5 = 5" are propositions. 
The first proposition has the truth value of "true" and the second "false". 

But...
Example 1.2.2
"Close the door", and "Is it hot outside?" are not propositions. 
"x is greater than 2", where x is a variable representing a number, is not a proposition, 
because unless a specific value is given to x we can not say whether it is true or false, nor do we
know what x represents.

Similarly,
Example 1.2.3
"x = x" is not a proposition because we don't know what "x" represents hence what "="
means.

Example 1.2.4 (Calicoy)

While we understand what "3 = 3" means, what does "Air is equal to air" or "Water is equal to
water" mean? Does it mean a mass of air is equal to another mass or the concept of air is equal
to the concept of air? We don't quite know what "x = x" mean. Thus we can not say whether it is
true or not. Hence it is not a proposition. 

Example 1.2.5
These two sentences:
a. Ouch!
b.What time is it?
Answer: These two are not propositions because they do not proclaim anything; they are
exclamation and question, respectively.

Recall a proposition is a declarative sentence that is either true or false. Here are
some further examples of propositions:
(Cielo)
Recall a proposition is a declarative sentence that is either true or false. Here are
some further examples of propositions:
- The key is that, there must be no ambiguity. To be a statement, a sentence must be
always True or always False and cannot be both
Example 1.2.6. 2 + 2 = 5 (is a proposition. However, the sum of it is definitely wrong and cannot
be the sum of Five. Therefore, it is a False Proposition.
Here are some sentences that are not propositions.
(Arielle)
Example 1.2.10. “Do you want to go to the movies?” Since a question is not a
declarative sentence, it fails to be a proposition.
Example 1.2.11. “Clean up your room.” Likewise, an imperative is not a declar-
ative sentence; hence, fails to be a proposition.
Example 1.2.12. “2x = 2 + x.” This is a declarative sentence, but unless x is
assigned a value or is otherwise prescribed, the sentence neither true
nor false, hence, not a proposition.
Example 1.2.13. “This sentence is false.” What happens if you assume this statement is
true? false? This example is called a paradox and is not a proposition,
because it is neither true nor false.
 REFERENCES
Minyi H, et. al. (Aug. 2019). CS381 Discrete Structures/Discrete Mathematics Web
Course Material. Retrieved from
https://www.cs.odu.edu/~toida/nerzic/content/web_course.html
Introduction to Propositional Logic. Retrieved from
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/proposition-logic/
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=we.
b&rct=j&url=https://www.math.fsu.edu/~pkirby/mad2104/SlideShow/s2_1.pdf&ved=2a
hUKEwi7-
4KujrHuAhWEHHAKHTCJAxcQFjAhegQIKhAB&usg=AOvVaw0cAK5kw3omVH_C7SbcEy04