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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Oral Communication in Context

Module No. 6
Strategies for Effective Communication

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Oral Communication in Context
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Assistant Secretary: Alma Ruby C. Torio

Development Team of the Module

Author: Ma-an C. Actub Printed in
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Proofreader : Ma. Alemil L. Fontilar
by
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Schools Division Superintendent ADM)
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Members: Neil A. Improgo, PhD, EPS-LRMS; Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., PhD, EPS-ADM;
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

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Oral Communication in Context

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 Module No. 6
Strategies for Effective Communication

First Semester
Second Quarter
8 hours

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or
universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to
email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of
Education at action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

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Table of Contents

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 Page No.
Overview 1
Content 1
Competencies 1
Pretest 2-3
Lesson 1 4-12
Activity 1 4
Activity 2 6
Activity 3 7
Activity 4 8-9
Activity 5 10-11
Lesson 2 13-20
Activity 1 13-14
Activity 2 15
Activity 3 16-17
Activity 4 18
Post Test 20-21
References 22

Hi, welcome to Senior High School! I am so

delighted to see you!
You must have been experiencing a lot of
adjustments now that classes are on again! Well I
want to let you know we are happy to see you and
we will help you get through with your new
learning adventure. Through this module, your
learning ride will be easier and more fun!

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 What I Need To Know

For the Learners

Congratulations for completing the previous modules! You are now ready
for the next step which is learning how to use various communicative strategies
in different situations. To learn more effectively, do not forget to enjoy learning.
Good luck!

Module Content

This module will help you become effective communicators. This is where you start to
apply strategies that will help you be at ease in communicating with others. You will also see the
significance of learning the different speech context, style and act which are all useful in
communication.

These are the competencies included in this module:

● Employs various communicative strategies in different situations (EN11/12OC-

IIab-21)
● Explains that a shift in speech context, speech style, speech act and
communicative strategy affects the following: (EN11/12OC-IIab-22)
● Language form (EN11/12OC-IIab-22.1)
● Duration of interaction (EN11/12OC-IIab-22.2)
● Relationship of speaker (EN11/12OC-IIab-22.3)
● Role and responsibilities of the speaker (EN11/12OC-IIab-22.4)
● Message (EN11/12OC-IIab-22.5)
● Delivery (EN11/12OC-IIab-22.6)

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 GENERAL INSTRUCTION

To do well in this module, you need to remember the following:

1. Please DO NOT write anything in this module. You will write your answers in your
Communication Activity Notebook. This will be submitted to the teacher.
2. Read texts carefully so that you can easily comprehend what you are reading.
3. Answer questions with all honesty. Success does not come from copying from others.
It is made possible by trying hard on your own so that you can learn even from your
mistakes.
4. Review your answers. It is safe to go back and think about what you have written. This
can help you lessen if not avoid errors.
5. Follow instructions given and ask if there is something that you do not understand.
6. Do the tasks given and do not delay in submitting requirements. This can help you
avoid having a pile of unfinished activities.
7. Feel free to communicate with your teacher. There is no harm in asking for clarification
so that you will not be confused.
8. Remember to review every time you are done answering the activities.
9. Have fun as you learn. This course is very important no matter what your strand is.
When you have fun, you can easily learn the lessons.

What I Know (Pretest)

Let us check your prior knowledge about this module’s coverage.

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write it in your notebook.

1. What are you doing when you start a conversation?

a. Nomination c. Repair
b. Restriction d. Termination
2. What refers to any limitation you have as a speaker?
a. Nomination c. Repair
b. Restriction d. Termination

3. What pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversation floor?
a. Repair c. Topic Shifting
b. Topic Control d. Turn-taking
4. What covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development of topic in
conversations?

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 a. Repair c. Topic Shifting
b. Topic Control d. Turn-taking
5. What strategy involves moving from one topic to another?
a. Restriction c. Topic Shifting
b. Topic Control d. Turn-taking
6. What refers to how speakers address the problem in speaking, listening and
comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation?
a. Restriction c. Topic Shifting
b. Repair d. Turn-taking
7. Which refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a topic in
a conversation?
a. Restriction c. Topic Shifting
b. Repair d. Termination
8. Which of the following is NOT an example of nomination?
a. Hi! How are you?
b. Have you heard the news today?
c. I have to go now, bye!
d. Can I ask you something?
9. Which of the following is an example of termination?
a. Do you want to say something?
b. I think that is wrong.
c. It’s already time! Let us talk about it next time.
d. Hello Annie!
10. When you say, “Please speak slowly, you are too fast,” what strategy are you applying?
a. Nomination c. Repair
b. Topic shifting d. Termination

LESSON 1:

COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES

Objectives
Here are the things that you are expected to learn at the end of this lesson:

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 1. List down communicative strategies
2. Find appropriate strategies to use in a given situation
3. Use the strategies effectively in communicating

What’s New

Activity 1. What you do

Fill in the boxes with your own ideas about communicative strategies. There are no wrong
or right answers. Your own ideas matter. List down in your notebook what you usually apply
when you communicate with others.

Communicative Strategies

What Is It

We need to communicate to others to establish a relationship and to have better

understanding. However, there are times when miscommunication occurs. It is important that we
know how to adjust and be able to communicate effectively.

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Nomination – employed when you try to open a topic with the people you are talking to. You may
start off with news inquiries and news announcements as they promise extended talk. This could
signal the beginning of a new topic in the conversation.
Restriction – refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker. You are given specific
instruction that you must follow. These instructions confine you as a speaker and limit what you
can say.
Turn-taking – pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversation floor.
There is a code of behavior behind establishing and sustaining a productive conversation, but the
primary idea is to give all communicators a chance to speak.
Topic Control – covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development of topic in
conversations. This is achieved cooperatively. When a topic is initiated, it should be collectively
developed by avoiding unnecessary interruptions and topic shifts. You can say “Yes,” “okay,” “go
on,” or asking tag questions to be actively involved without dominating.
Topic shifting – involves moving from one topic to another. You
have to be very intuitive. Make sure that the previous topic was
nurtured enough to generate adequate views. You may say, “by the
way,” “in addition to what you said,” “which reminds me of,” and the like.
Repair – refers to how speakers address the problem in speaking,
listening and comprehending that they may encounter in a
conversation. For example, if everybody in the conversation seems to
talk at the same time, give way and appreciate other’s initiative to set
the conversation back to its topic.

Termination – refers to the conversation participants’ close-

initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation. Most of the time, the one who initiated
the conversation takes responsibility to signal the concluding cues. You can do this by sharing
what you learned or complete the discussion of the topic.
If you will be able to use these strategies well, you will be good in handling conversations. You
will avoid miscommunication. However, you must also consider the situation. You must choose
your words wisely. What you say must depend on what the situation calls for.

For example, if you are just talking with friends, then it is alright to be casual and when you start
and end the conversation, you need not be formal. Meanwhile, if you are in a formal situation, you
must start and control the conversation with care. Be polite whenever you can. You have nothing
to lose when you do that.

What’s More

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 Activity 2. What Strategy

What type of strategy is used in each statement? Write your answer in your notebook.

____________________1. Do you have anything to say?

____________________2. One of the essential lessons I gained from the discussion
is the importance of listening well to others.
____________________3. Excuse me? I think we should talk one at a time.
____________________4. Go on with your ideas. I will let you finish before I say
something.
____________________5. Have you heard the latest news?
____________________6. Hi Jonas! How are you?
____________________7. Send my regards to them! See you next week!
____________________8. Good to see you. Anyway, I came to visit you because I
want to personally offer apologies for what happened
yesterday.
____________________9. Sorry, I can’t decide on that now. Let us discuss it
tomorrow, okay?
____________________10. Now, it’s your turn to ask me a question.

Activity 3. Your Turn

You have identified the communicative strategies. This time, give your own examples of
statements in the given situations. You may refer to statements in the previous activity as
samples. Use statements that you often say in normal conversations. Write your answer in your
notebook.

Strategies Situation Sample Statements

You want to
talk to your
Nomination teacher.

You are giving

instructions to
Restriction a member.

Your friend is

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Topic Control out of topic.

You want to
talk about food
Topic Shift after
discussing
about the
news.

You will give

your silent
Turn – taking classmate a
chance to
speak.

The volume of
the voices is
Repair getting higher.

You want to
end the
Termination conversation
but your friend
is still talking.

Activity 4. Conversations

Create a dialogue or conversations between or among people where each of the strategies
are used effectively. Take note of the situation given and make sure that you apply the strategies
appropriately. Use the given template below. Write your answer in your notebook.
Situation/Scenario 1: You and your friends are talking about the new movie
Speaker 1: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 2: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 3: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 1: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 2: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 3: __________________________________________________________
Situation/Scenario 2: You are having a meeting with your teacher and classmates
Speaker 1: __________________________________________________________
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Speaker 2: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 3: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 4: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 1: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 2: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 3: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 4: __________________________________________________________
Situation/Scenario 2: You are trying to stop two debaters in a debate from quarreling
Speaker1: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 2: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 3: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 1: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 2: __________________________________________________________
Speaker 3: __________________________________________________________

Reflective Questions: Write your answer in your notebook.

1. How can learning the communicative strategies help you?

2. Now that you have learned about these strategies, what will you do next?

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 What I Learned

Remember these key points:

➢ There are different strategies that people use when communicating:

o Nomination
o Restriction
o Turn-taking
o Topic shifting
o Topic control
o Repair
o Termination.
➢ You must be able to employ these communicative strategies appropriately in
any situation

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 What I Can Do

Activity 5. My Own Strategy

Create a comic strip that will show how a good conversation goes. In the conversation,
make sure that you will show ALL the communicative strategies are applied well. Your scene
must be one that actually happens in real life. It can be about you as students, siblings, or
participants in an event. What is important is that you are able to apply the strategies in the
situation well. Write your answer in your notebook or use a separate sheet if you must. You will
be graded base on the rubric below.

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 Rubric for Comic Strip

Category 4 3 2 1

Content Comic Strip Comic Strip Comic Strip Comic Strip

contains all contains all contains only contains only
the required the required some of the has one of
strategies strategies required the required
presented presented strategies strategies
with with presented presented
appropriate appropriate with with
dialogues in dialogues. appropriate appropriate
realistic dialogues. dialogues.
context.

Creativity The comic The comic The comic The comic

strip has strip has strip has strip is very
creative creative creative simple and
illustrations illustrations illustrations ordinary.
and and but a little
organized organized disorganized
format. It is format. in format.
very
attractive to
the eye.

Accuracy The The There are a There are

dialogues are dialogues are few errors in several errors
written written grammar, in grammar,
correctly in correctly in punctuation punctuation
terms of terms of and spelling. and spelling.
grammar, grammar,
punctuation, punctuation,
and spelling. and spelling.
Thus, ideas
are clear.

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Self-Check!

Great job! You have completed Lesson 1 successfully! Before going to the next lesson,
choose the icon that best shows your learning experience. Write the description of the icon in
your notebook.

I have understood the lesson well and I can even teach what I learned
to others.

I have understood the lesson but there are still other things that I
need to review and relearn.

I need to do additional work to be able to master the lesson. I need

help in some tasks.

If you have chosen the first icon, you are ready for lesson 2. If you have chosen the
second icon, you need to review the things that you need to relearn. If you have chosen the third
icon, it would be best if you read more and ask help from your teacher, parents, or peers in
clarifying the lessons that you find difficult. Be honest so that you will truly improve.

Additional Activity

After doing the activities:

I noticed
___________________________________________________
A question I have is
___________________________________________________
I’m not sure
___________________________________________________
I realized
___________________________________________________

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 LESSON 2:

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

Objectives
Here are the things that you are expected to learn at the end of this lesson:
1. Explain that a shift in speech context, style, act and communicative strategy affects the
following:
a. language form
b. duration of interaction
c. relationship of speaker
d. role and responsibilities of the speaker
e. message
f. delivery
2. Use appropriate language in a given situation
3. Communicate effectively in different situations

What’s New

Activity 1. Review
Fill in this diagram with what you learned in the previous lesson. Try to include also what
you learned about speech context, speech style and speech act. Write your answer in your
notebook.

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 What Is It

You have learned about the different speech context, speech style, speech act and
communicative strategies. Why do we need to know all of these?
We need to know the speech context so that we will know what style and act to use in
communicating with others. We can choose the best words to say in applying the communicative
strategies. Whenever there is a shift on any of these, the language form, duration of interaction,
relationship of speaker, role and responsibilities of the speaker, message and delivery are
affected. Therefore, all of these can affect how we approach, what we say, and how long we to
speak with others.
For example,
A.
Approach Situation: you and your best friends are talking

Context: Dyad Style: Casual

Language Form Less formal words, use those that you both
understand

Duration of interaction Not very long unless you are in a hurry

Relationship of speaker Friends

Role and responsibilities of Make each other feel happy or comfortable

the speaker

Message Funny experiences

Delivery Extemporaneous, not rehearsed

B.
Approach Situation: you are talking to your guidance
counselor

Context: Dyad Style: Consultative

Language Form A bit formal and serious

Duration of interaction There is a time limit from 10-30 minutes

Relationship of speaker Professional

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Role and responsibilities of Speaker must be polite and honest
the speaker

Message Personal experience

Delivery Clear and extemporaneous

You will see that there is a difference in the approaches if the context is different. What is
important is you know what is the APPROPRIATE approach. This is the best way to become
effective in our communication with others. It is not enough that you know the concepts. You
have to understand how to use them, where to apply and when to adjust. Before you know it, you
have already been a good speaker!

What’s More

Activity 2. Try it yourself

Fill in the tables with appropriate approach. Write your answer in your notebook.

Approach Situation: You are having a meeting with your

family

Context: small group Style: intimate

Language Form

Duration of interaction

Relationship of speaker

Role and responsibilities of

the speaker

Message

Delivery

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 Approach Situation: You are asked to give the opening
remarks of the school orientation program

Context: Public Style: Formal

Language Form

Duration of interaction

Relationship of speaker

Role and responsibilities of

the speaker

Message

Delivery

Activity 3. Evaluate

Look at the given pictures. Find out what style, context, act and strategies are evident in
the situation. How should the speakers speak? Write your answer in your notebook.

at-a-bus-station-talking-building-wallpaper-aaydx

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Reflective Questions:

1. How does the shift of speech context, style, act and strategies affect the way you
communicate?

2. Why are these lessons important?

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 What I Learned

Remember these key points:

➢ A shift in speech context, style, act and communicative strategy affects the
following:
o language form
o duration of interaction
o relationship of speaker
o role and responsibilities of the speaker
o message
o delivery
➢ You must be able to adjust and speak appropriately in any situation

What I Can Do

Activity 4. Script Write

Write a script for a one-act play that shows how a teenager has become a bad speaker to a
good speaker after learning that a shift in speech context, style, act and communicative strategy
affects how he or she should approach in a given situation. You can think of any character,
setting, and other elements in a play. If there is a chance, you will use this script to present the
play. Write your script in your notebook.
Rubric for Script:

Category 4 3 2 1
Content The script Comic Strip Comic Strip Comic Strip
contains all contains all contains only contains only
the required the required some of the has one of the
elements elements required required
(style, context, (style, context, elements elements
act) presented act) presented presented with presented with
with with appropriate appropriate
appropriate appropriate dialogues. dialogues.

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 dialogues in dialogues.
realistic
context.

Creativity The script has The script has The script has The comic
creative way of creative way of simple way of strip is very
showing the showing the showing the simple and
situation and situation and situation but a ordinary.
organized flow organized flow little
of events. It is of events. disorganized
very in the flow of
interesting. events.

Accuracy The script The script There are a There are

lines are dialogues are few errors in several errors
written written grammar, in grammar,
correctly in correctly in punctuation punctuation
terms of terms of and spelling. and spelling.
grammar, grammar,
punctuation, punctuation,
and spelling. and spelling.
Thus, ideas
are clear.

Self-Check!

Great job! You have completed Lesson 2 successfully! Before going to the next lesson,
choose the icon that best shows your learning experience. Write the description of the icon in your
notebook.

I have understood the lesson well and I can even teach what I learned
to others.

I have understood the lesson but there are still other things that I
need to review and relearn.

I need to do additional work to be able to master the lesson. I need

help in some tasks.

If you have chosen the first icon, you are ready for the next module. If you have chosen the
second icon, you need to review the things that you need to relearn. If you have chosen the third
icon, it would be best if you read more and ask help from your teacher, parents or peers in
23
clarifying the lessons that you find difficult. Be honest so that you will truly improve.

Additional Activity

After doing the activities:

I noticed
___________________________________________________

A question I have is
___________________________________________________

I’m not sure

___________________________________________________

I realized
___________________________________________________

Visit these links for more information about the lessons in this module. Review and study
before you answer the post-test below.

Links for Enrichment:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2zGIN8IVKQ&feature=share

communicative strategies accessed May 12, 2020

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMv2fAWrP_8&feature=share

communicative strategies accessed May 12, 2020

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlo2d_65h8Y&feature=share

examples of context, style, act and strategies accessed May 12, 2020

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coPGjFRFPMQ&feature=share

examples of context, style, act and strategies accessed May 12, 2020

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 What I Know (Post Test)

Let us check how much you have learned in this module’s coverage.
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. All of these are affected when there is a shift in speech context and speech style. Which
does NOT belong to the group?
a. Topic Control c. Delivery
b. Language Form d. Message
2. Which of the following is NOT a communicative strategy?
a. Restriction c. Repair
b. Responsibility d. Termination
3. What pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversation floor?
a. Repair c. Topic Shifting
b. Topic Control d. Turn-taking

4. What strategy involves moving from one topic to another?

a. Restriction c. Topic Shifting
b. Topic Control d. Turn-taking
5. What covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development of topic in
conversations?
a. Repair c. Topic Shifting
b. Topic Control d. Turn-taking
6. Which refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a topic in
a conversation?
a. Restriction c. Topic Shifting
b. Repair d. Termination
7. What refers to how speakers address the problem in speaking, listening and
comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation?
a. Restriction c. Topic Shifting
b. Repair d. Turn-taking
8. Which of the following is an example of nomination?
a. Hello, Jazz! How have you been?
b. Please go back to the main topic.
c. I have to leave. Excuse me.
d. Speaking of fun, there is a carnival in town.
9. Which of the following is an example of termination?
a. No, you got it wrong.
b. The correct answer is “true.”
c. Do you know the latest event?
d. Please excuse me, my mom is calling.

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10. When you say, “Please tell Geo that the he has to see Ms. Daisy,” what strategy are you
applying?
a. Nomination c. Repair
b. Topic shifting d. Restriction

Remarkable! You have just completed the

lessons, activities and test on this module!
Relax and buckle up for the next ride to a
more exciting topic and activities in the
next module.

Answer Key

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 References:
Deped Curriculum Guide
Sipacio, Philippe John Fresnillo and Balgos, Anne Richie Garcia. Oral Communication in
Context. Quezon City: C&E Publishing House, Inc., 2016.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2zGIN8IVKQ&feature=share
communicative strategies accessed May 12, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMv2fAWrP_8&feature=share
communicative strategies accessed May 12, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlo2d_65h8Y&feature=share
examples of context, style, act and strategies accessed May 12, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coPGjFRFPMQ&feature=share
examples of context, style, act and strategies accessed May 12, 2020

27
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM)
Office Address:Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Zone 1, Cagayan de Oro City,
Cagayan de Oro, Lalawigan ng Misamis Oriental
Telefax:
E-mail Address:

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