Pical, Aljun M.

January 20, 2021

BSME III Meng 131n – Z161

Meng 131n Heat Transfer

Lesson Assessment 2.6
1. The rate of heat generation in a slab of thickness 200 mm (k = 150 W/m°C) is 1.3 x 106
W/𝑚3 . If the temperature of each of the surface of solid is 120°C, determine: (20 pts.)
Given:
Thickness: 𝐿 = 200𝑚𝑚 = 0.2𝑚
𝑊
Thermal Conductivity: 𝑘 = 150
𝑚°𝐶
𝑊
Rate of Heat transfer: 𝑞𝑔 = 1.3 × 106 𝑚3

Wall temperature: 𝑇𝑤 = 𝑇1 = 𝑇2 = 120°𝐶

Required:
(i) The temperature at the mid and quarter planes;
(ii) The heat flow rate and temperature gradients at the mid and quarter planes.
Solution:
Determining the temperature at the mid and quarter phase:
Temperature at any point Equation:
𝑞𝑔
𝑡= (𝐿 − 𝑥)𝑥 + 𝑡𝑤
2𝐾
𝐿
Where: 𝑥 = 2

𝑞𝑔 𝐿 𝐿
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑑 = (𝐿 − ) ( ) + 𝑡𝑤
2𝐾 2 2
𝑞𝑔
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑑 = ∗ 𝐿2 + 𝑡𝑤
8𝐾
𝑊
1.3 × 106
3
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑑 = 𝑚 ∗ (0.2𝑚)2 + 120°𝐶
𝑊
8(150 𝑚°𝐶 )

𝒕𝒎𝒊𝒅 = 𝟏𝟔𝟑. 𝟑𝟑℃

𝐿 3𝐿
Where: 𝑥 = 4 = 4

𝑞𝑔 𝐿 𝐿
𝑡𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (𝐿 − ) ( ) + 𝑡𝑤
2𝐾 4 4
𝑞𝑔
𝑡𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 = ∗ 3𝐿2 + 𝑡𝑤
32𝐾
𝑊
1.3 × 106
3
𝑡𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 𝑚 ∗ 3(0.2𝑚)2 + 120°𝐶
𝑊
32 (150 𝑚°𝐶 )

𝒕𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 𝟏𝟓𝟐. 𝟓℃
Pical, Aljun M. January 20, 2021
BSME III Meng 131n – Z161

Determining the Heat Flow Rate: (Assume unit area 1𝑚2 )

Heat Flow Rate at mid:
𝑞𝑔
𝑄 = −𝐾𝐴 (2𝐾 (𝐿 − 2𝑥))

𝑞𝑔 𝐿
𝑄 𝐿 = −𝐾𝐴 ( (𝐿 − 2( )))
𝑥=
2 2𝐾 2
𝑞𝑔
𝑄 𝐿 = −𝐾𝐴 ( (0))
𝑥=
2 2𝐾
𝑸 𝑳 =𝟎𝑾
𝒙=
𝟐

Heat Flow Rate at quarter:

𝑞
𝑄 = −𝐾𝐴 (2𝐾𝑔 (𝐿 − 2𝑥))
𝑞 𝐿
𝑄𝑥=𝐿 = −𝐾𝐴 (2𝐾𝑔 (𝐿 − 2(4)))
4

𝑞𝑔 𝐿
𝑄 𝐿 == −𝐾𝐴 ( (𝐿 − ( )))
𝑥=
4 2𝐾 2
𝑊
𝑊 1.3 × 106 3 0.2𝑚
𝑄 == −(150 2
)(1𝑚 ) ( 𝑚 (0.2𝑚 − ( )))
𝐿
𝑥=
4 𝑚°𝐶 𝑊 2
2(150 𝑚°𝐶 )

𝑄𝑥=𝐿 = −65000𝑊 (Heat Flow going to left)

4

𝑸𝒙=𝑳 = 𝑸𝒙=𝟑𝑳 = 𝟔𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑾

𝟒 𝟒

Determining the temperature gradient:

Temperature Gradient at mid:
𝑄 𝐿
𝑑𝑡 𝑥=
2
=−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=𝐿 𝐾𝐴
2

𝑑𝑡 0𝑊
=−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥= 𝐿 𝑊
2 (150 𝑚°𝐶 )(1𝑚2 )

𝒅𝒕 ℃
= 𝟎
𝒅𝒙𝒙=𝑳 𝒎
𝟐

Temperature Gradient at quarter:

𝑄 𝐿
𝑑𝑡 𝑥=
4
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=𝐿
=− 𝐾𝐴
4

𝑑𝑡 65000𝑊
=−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥= 𝐿 𝑊
4 (150 𝑚°𝐶 )(1𝑚2 )
Pical, Aljun M. January 20, 2021
BSME III Meng 131n – Z161
𝒅𝒕 ℃
𝑳
= −𝟒𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑
𝒅𝒙𝒙= 𝒎
𝟒

2. The rate of heat generation in a slab of thickness 200 mm (k = 150 W/m°C) is 1.3 x 106
W/𝑚3 . If the temperature of each of the ambient air is 30°C and h = 20 W/𝑚2 °C, determine:
(20 pts.)
Given:
Thickness: 𝐿 = 200𝑚𝑚 = 0.2𝑚
𝑊
Thermal Conductivity: 𝑘 = 150
𝑚°𝐶
𝑊
Rate of Heat transfer: 𝑞𝑔 = 1.3 × 106 𝑚3

Ambient Air temperature: 𝑇𝑎 = 30°𝐶

𝑊
Convection Heat Transfer: ℎ = 20 𝑚2 ℃

Required:
(i) The temperature at the mid and quarter planes;
(ii) The heat flow rate and temperature gradients at the mid and quarter planes.
Solution:
Determining the temperature at mid and quarter:
Temperature at any point of the wall, given with ambient air temperature Equation:
𝑞𝑔 𝑞𝑔
𝑡 = 𝑡𝑎 + 2ℎ ∗ 𝐿 + 2𝐾 (𝐿 − 𝑥)𝑥
𝐿
Where: 𝑥 =
2
𝑞 𝑞 𝐿 𝐿
𝑡 = 𝑡𝑎 + 2ℎ𝑔 ∗ 𝐿 + 2𝐾𝑔 (𝐿 − 2) 2

𝐿 𝐿2
𝑡𝑥=𝐿 = 𝑡𝑎 + 𝑞𝑔 [ + ]
2
2ℎ 8𝐾

𝑊 0.2𝑚 0.2𝑚2
𝑡 𝐿 = 30°𝐶 + 1.3 × 106 [ + ]
𝑥=
2 𝑚3 2(20𝑊 ℃) 8(150 𝑊 )
𝑚2 𝑚°𝐶
𝒕 𝑳 = 𝟔𝟓𝟕𝟑. 𝟑𝟑℃
𝒙=
𝟐
𝐿
Where: 𝑥 = 4
𝑞 𝑞 𝐿 𝐿
𝑡 = 𝑡𝑎 + 2ℎ𝑔 ∗ 𝐿 + 2𝐾𝑔 (𝐿 − 4) 4

𝐿 3𝐿2
𝑡𝑥=𝐿 = 𝑡𝑎 + 𝑞𝑔 [2ℎ + 32𝐾]
4
Pical, Aljun M. January 20, 2021
BSME III Meng 131n – Z161

𝑊 0.2𝑚 (3)0.2𝑚2
𝑡 𝐿 = 30°𝐶 + 1.3 × 106 [ + ]
𝑥=
2 𝑚3 2(20𝑊 ℃) 32(150 𝑊 )
𝑚2 𝑚°𝐶
𝒕 𝑳 = 𝟔𝟓𝟔𝟐. 𝟓℃
𝒙=
𝟐

Determining the Heat Flow Rate: (Assume unit area 1𝑚2 )

Heat Flow Rate at mid:
𝑞𝑔
𝑄 = −𝐾𝐴 (2𝐾 (𝐿 − 2𝑥))

𝑞𝑔 𝐿
𝑄 𝐿 = −𝐾𝐴 ( (𝐿 − 2( )))
𝑥=
2 2𝐾 2
𝑞𝑔
𝑄 𝐿 = −𝐾𝐴 ( (0))
𝑥=
2 2𝐾
𝑸 𝑳 =𝟎𝑾
𝒙=
𝟐

Heat Flow Rate at quarter:

𝑞𝑔
𝑄 = −𝐾𝐴 (2𝐾 (𝐿 − 2𝑥))
𝑞 𝐿
𝑄𝑥=𝐿 = −𝐾𝐴 (2𝐾𝑔 (𝐿 − 2(4)))
4

𝑞𝑔 𝐿
𝑄 𝐿 == −𝐾𝐴 ( (𝐿 − ( )))
𝑥=
4 2𝐾 2
𝑊
𝑊 1.3 × 106 3 0.2𝑚
𝑄 == −(150 )(1𝑚2 ) ( 𝑚 (0.2𝑚 − ( )))
𝐿
𝑥=
4 𝑚°𝐶 𝑊 2
2(150 𝑚°𝐶 )

𝑄𝑥=𝐿 = −65000𝑊 (Heat Flow going to left)

4

𝑸𝒙=𝑳 = 𝑸𝒙=𝟑𝑳 = 𝟔𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑾

𝟒 𝟒

Determining the temperature gradient:

Temperature Gradient at mid:
𝑄 𝐿
𝑑𝑡 𝑥=
2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=𝐿
=− 𝐾𝐴
2

𝑑𝑡 0𝑊
=−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥= 𝐿 𝑊
2 (150 )(1𝑚2 )
𝑚°𝐶
𝒅𝒕 ℃
𝑳
=𝟎
𝒅𝒙𝒙= 𝒎
𝟐

Temperature Gradient at quarter:

Pical, Aljun M. January 20, 2021
BSME III Meng 131n – Z161
𝑄 𝐿
𝑑𝑡 𝑥=
4
𝑑𝑥 𝑥=𝐿
=− 𝐾𝐴
4

𝑑𝑡 65000𝑊
=−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥= 𝐿 𝑊
4 (150 𝑚°𝐶 )(1𝑚2 )

𝒅𝒕 ℃
𝑳
= −𝟒𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑
𝒅𝒙𝒙= 𝒎
𝟒

3. A 30 mm slab of unknown material having a uniform volumetric heat generation of 12 x 106

W/𝑚3 has surfaces of temperatures 420 K and 370 K. By experiment, the thermal conductivity
of the material is determined to be 32 W/m°C. Determine: (30 pts.)
Given:
Thickness: 𝐿 = 30𝑚𝑚 = 0.03𝑚
𝑊
Thermal Conductivity: 𝑘 = 32 𝑚°𝐶
𝑊
Rate of Heat transfer: 𝑞𝑔 = 12 × 106 𝑚3

Temperature1: 𝑇1 = 420𝐾 = 146.85°𝐶

Temperature1: 𝑇2 = 370𝐾 = 96.85°𝐶
Required:
(i) The equation for the temperature at any point across thickness of the slab;
(ii) The location and value of the maximum temperature.
(iii) The flow of heat from each surface of the plate.
Solution:
Determining the Equation for the temperature at any point across thickness of the slab:
Boundaries:
At 𝑥=0 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑤1
At 𝑥=𝐿 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑤2
𝑞
𝑡 = − 2𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝑥 2 + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2

At 𝑥 = 0
𝑞
𝑡 = − 2𝑘𝑔 ∗ (0)2 + 𝐶1 (0) + 𝐶2

𝐶2 = 𝑡𝑤1
At 𝑥 = 𝐿; 𝐶2 = 𝑡𝑤1
𝑞
𝑡 = − 2𝑘𝑔 ∗ (𝐿)2 + 𝐶1 (𝐿) + 𝑡𝑤1
𝑞𝑔
𝐶1 (𝐿) = ∗ (𝐿)2 + 𝑡𝑤2 − 𝑡𝑤1
2𝑘
Pical, Aljun M. January 20, 2021
BSME III Meng 131n – Z161
𝑞𝑔 𝑡𝑤2 −𝑡𝑤1
𝐶1 = ∗𝐿+
2𝑘 𝐿
𝑞 𝑞 𝑡𝑤2 −𝑡𝑤1
𝑡 = − 2𝑘𝑔 𝑥 2 + (2𝑘𝑔 𝐿 + 𝐿
)𝑥 + 𝑡𝑤1
𝑞𝑔 𝑞𝑔 𝑥
𝑡 = 2𝑘 𝐿𝑥 − 2𝑘 𝑥 2 + 𝐿 (𝑡𝑤2 − 𝑡𝑤1 ) + 𝑡𝑤1

𝒒𝒈 (𝒕𝒘𝟐 − 𝒕𝒘𝟏 )
𝒕=[ (𝑳 − 𝒙) + ] 𝒙 + 𝒕𝒘𝟏
𝟐𝒌 𝑳
Determining the location of the maximum temperature:
Determining the temperature distribution:
𝑞𝑔 (𝑡𝑤2 − 𝑡𝑤1 )
𝑡 = [ (𝐿 − 𝑥) + ] 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑤1
2𝑘 𝐿
𝑊
12 × 106
𝑡=[ 𝑚3 (0.03𝑚 − 𝑥) + (96.85°𝐶 − 146.85°𝐶)] 𝑥 + 146.85°𝐶
𝑊 0.03𝑚
2 (32 𝑚°𝐶 )

℃ 5000 ℃
𝑡 = [187500 (0.03𝑚 − 𝑥) − ]𝑥 + 146.85°𝐶
𝑚2 3 𝑚

℃ ℃ 5000 ℃
𝑡 = [5625 − 187500 2 𝑥 − ] 𝑥 + 146.85°𝐶
𝑚 𝑚 3 𝑚
11875 ℃ ℃
𝑡=[ 3 𝑚
− 187500 𝑚2 𝑥] 𝑥 + 146.85°𝐶
11875 ℃ ℃
𝑡 = 146.85°𝐶 + 3 𝑚
𝑥 − 187500 𝑚2 𝑥 2

Differentiating and Equating to 0 to determine x:

11875 ℃ ℃
𝑡 = 146.85°𝐶 + 3 𝑚
𝑥 − 187500 𝑚2 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑡 11875 ℃ ℃
𝑑𝑥
= 3 𝑚
− 375000 𝑚2 𝑥
11875 ℃ ℃
0= − 375000 𝑥
3 𝑚 𝑚2

𝟏𝟗
𝒙 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒎 location of maximum temperature
19
Determining the maximum temperature using the temperature distribution; 𝑥 =
1800

11875 ℃ 19 ℃ 19
𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 146.85°𝐶 + ( 𝑚) − 187500 ( 𝑚)2
3 𝑚 1800 𝑚2 1800

𝒕𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟏𝟓𝟒. 𝟓𝟓℃ maximum temperature

Determining the flow of heat from each surface of the plate. Assume 1𝑚2 area
Heat Flow at Right; x=0
𝑑𝑡
𝑞𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = −𝐾𝐴 (𝑑𝑥)
𝑊 11875 ℃ ℃
𝑞𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = −32 𝑚°𝐶 (1𝑚2 )( 3 𝑚
− 375000 𝑚2 𝑥 )
Pical, Aljun M. January 20, 2021
BSME III Meng 131n – Z161
𝑊 11875 ℃ ℃
𝑞𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = −32 (1𝑚2 )( − 375000 2 (0) )
𝑚°𝐶 3 𝑚 𝑚
𝟑𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑾
𝒒𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 = −
𝟑 𝒎𝟑

Heat Flow at Left; x=0.03m

𝑑𝑡
𝑞𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 = −𝐾𝐴 (𝑑𝑥)
𝑊 11875 ℃ ℃
𝑞𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 = −32 𝑚°𝐶 (1𝑚2 )( 3 𝑚
− 375000 𝑚2 𝑥 )

𝑊 11875 ℃ ℃
𝑞𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 = −32 (1𝑚2 )( − 375000 2 (0.03𝑚) )
𝑚°𝐶 3 𝑚 𝑚
𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑾
𝒒𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕 = − 𝟑 𝒎𝟑