Form No KN / NAV 50 A

WheelOver Posn is Calculated by using the formula :

P = r(1 - CosA) + f Sin A

Where,

f = Factor which is the Distance reqd by the

vsl to break its present state of inertia in which
she is in and to start responding to the Helm.
In simpler terms it is the distance that the vsl travels
B4 she starts swinging to the slightest.

f = 0.1 for small vsls, 0.15 for Panamax size and 0.20 for
large vsls. Roughly as an estimate one can also say that
it is equal to 1.15 times the length of the vsl expressed
in cables.

P = Wheelover distance ie what U wl cut off on the course

U r on B4 the waypoint.

A = Course 1 - Course 2 (Angle)

Now the steps of the calculation for the practical application

purpose goes as follows :

01. Angle Difference (A)

02. Desire/Intended rate of turn (R)
03. Speed in Knots (v)
04. Time = A / R
05. Distance (D) = (T * v)/60
06. Radius of turn (r) = (D * 360) / (A * 2 Pi)
07. r Cos A
08. f
09. f Sin A
10. Add up r(1 - CosA) + f Sin A to get the distance P

Example,
A = 16
R = 6 DEG/MIN
v = 10 KTS
T = 2.667
D = 0.444
r = 1.592
rCosA = 1.53
f = 0.2
f Sin A = 0.055
P = 0.12 Nm

For a Constant Radius turn, U decide the Radius of the turn

according 2 the available width n depth of navigable water and
substitute it directly in the abv formula without any
calculations for same.
Thanks. Hope the above is of assistance in navigation.

K.Negi
 Form No KN / NAV 50a

WHEEL OVER CALCULATION

Next course

TURN LINE
R (1-Cos θ)

WHEEL OVER LINE

F Sinθ

Present course

P = R(1 - CosA) + f Sin A

Precautions when using Rate of Turn Indicator

1 Speed for RoT to be Speed over Ground (SOG) and not Speed over Water (SOW)
2 Initially large helm may be required to achieve calculated RoT
3 Helm must be eased to bare minimum required to maintain RoT
4 Expect slight drop in speed during the turn
5 It is always safe to overestimate RoT marginally rather than underestimating it.
6 It the ship turns faster, reduce RoT, rather than trying to increase RoT at a later stage if
initally turning slowly.
 Form No KN / NAV 50

WHEEL OVER POSITON ONLY

& RATE
CHANGE RoTOF TURN CALCULATION FOR NAVIGATOR
and / or SPEED.

WHEELOVER POSITION
DON’T TAMPER WITH
FORMULAE. Calculation Sheet
Data Symbol 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

A 15 70 42 42 68 68 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

ROT R 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Speed (kts) V 12 7 12 12 16 14 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17

Time T=A/R 3 7 4.2 4.2 6.8 6.8 1.4 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Distance
D=T*v/60 0.6 0.816667 0.84 0.84 1.81333 1.586667 0.396667 0.014167 0.028333 0.028333 0.028333 0.028333 0.028333 0.028333 0.028333
along arc
Radius r=D*360/A/2Pi 2.291831 0.668451 1.145916 1.145916 1.52789 1.336902 1.62338 0.81169 1.62338 1.62338 1.62338 1.62338 1.62338 1.62338 1.62338

rcosA 2.213739 0.228624 0.851581 0.851581 0.57236 0.500812 1.575159 0.811567 1.623133 1.623133 1.623133 1.623133 1.623133 1.623133 1.623133

f 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

fsinA 0.051764 0.187939 0.133826 0.133826 0.18544 0.185437 0.048384 0.00349 0.00349 0.00349 0.00349 0.00349 0.00349 0.00349 0.00349

Distance before
Waypoint/Next
course or W/O
distance or W/O
WoP 0.13 0.63 0.43 0.43 1.14 1.02 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
position

SEE PASSAGE PLAN FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS REGARDING WHEELOVER POSN CALCULATIONS
 Form No KN / NAV 50

WHEEL OVER POSITON ONLY

& RATE
CHANGE RoTOF TURN CALCULATION FOR NAVIGATOR
and / or SPEED.

WHEELOVER POSITION
DON’T TAMPER WITH
FORMULAE. Calculation Sheet
Data Symbol 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

A 25 107 107 107 68 68 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

ROT R 80 15 10 30 10 10 10 20 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Speed (kts) V 15 12 14 10 16 14 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17

Time T=A/R 0.3125 7.133333 10.7 3.566667 6.8 6.8 1.4 0.05 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Distance
D=T*v/60 0.078125 1.426667 2.496667 0.594444 1.81333 1.586667 0.396667 0.014167 0.028333 0.028333 0.028333 0.028333 0.028333 0.028333 0.028333
along arc
Radius r=D*360/A/2Pi 0.179049 0.763944 1.336902 0.31831 1.52789 1.336902 1.62338 0.81169 1.62338 1.62338 1.62338 1.62338 1.62338 1.62338 1.62338

rcosA 0.162274 -0.22336 -0.39087 -0.09306 0.57236 0.500812 1.575159 0.811567 1.623133 1.623133 1.623133 1.623133 1.623133 1.623133 1.623133

f 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

fsinA 0.084524 0.191261 0.191261 0.191261 0.18544 0.185437 0.048384 0.00349 0.00349 0.00349 0.00349 0.00349 0.00349 0.00349 0.00349

Distance before
Waypoint/Next
course or W/O
distance or W/O
WoP 0.10 1.18 1.92 0.60 1.14 1.02 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
position

SEE PASSAGE PLAN FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS REGARDING WHEELOVER POSN CALCULATIONS