7

SCIENCE
Second Quarter – Module 4B
Types of Reproduction:
Sexual Reproduction

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Science – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Second Quarter – Module 4B: Sexual Reproduction
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education – Region 10

Regional Director: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Assistant Regional Director: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Development Team of the Module
Author/s: Myraflor E. Besire, Teacher-III
Reviewers: Marisol P. Moreno, Head Teacher-IV
Norlyn Q. Lobido, MT-I
Rizza Mae L. Serino, Teacher-I
Evaluators: Patria Gloria P. Iman, EPS- Mapeh
Rolando T. Luna, ASP II
Marissa M. Olarte, Head Teacher- I
llustrator and Layout Artist: Rudnie S. Rosala
Grealdine Rosario E. Capistrano

Management Team
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director

Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V

Asst. Regional Director

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Schools Division Superintendent

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a

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 7
Science
Second Quarter – Module 4B
Types of Reproduction:
Sexual Reproduction

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other education
stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the
Department of Education – Region 10 at region10@ deped.gov.ph.

Your feedback and recommendations are highly valued.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Introductory Message

For the learner:

Welcome to the Science 7 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Sexual Reproduction!
Have you ever wondered how organisms reproduce? To reproduce means “to
make a new life”. The beginning of a new life is truly a remarkable event. The ability
of an organism to produce new individual is one of the characteristics that
distinguishes living things from nonliving things.
You all know that reproduction is important for the perpetuation of species. If
there are no means of reproduction, individuals of a specie would not exist anymore
and their species would die. Through reproduction, new generations are produced.
The species lives on.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will learn in this module, the fascinating miracles of life.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the
What I Need to Know
competencies or the objectives you are
expected to learn in the module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s In
link the current lesson with the previous
one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New
introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a puzzle.
This section provides a brief discussion
What is It
of the lesson. This aims to help you

iv
 discover and understand new concepts
and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More
practice to solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic. You may check
the answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.
This section provides an activity which
What I Can Do
will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life situations
or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate
Assessment
your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
In this portion, another activity will be
Additional Activities
given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also
tends retention of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the
module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

v
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use your science activity notebook in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

Table of Contents
What I Need to Know ---------------- 1

What I Know - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----- 2

What’s In ---------------- 5

What’s New ---------------- 6

vi
What is It ---------------- 8

What’s More ---------------- 11

What I Have Learned ---------------- 13

What I Can Do ---------------- 14

Assessment ---------------- 15

Additional Activities ---------------- 18

Answer Key ---------------- 19

References ---------------- 20

vii
 What I Need to Know

To reproduce means “to make a new life”. Plants and animals reproduce in various
ways. What do you think would happen if every individual from that species lost the ability to
reproduce? Reproduction sustains the species so that they do not become extinct.
Sexual reproduction allows the mixing of genetic materials leading to variation among
individuals in a species. It is formed by the union of two reproductive cells or gametes. The
union of sperm and egg cells produces a fertilized egg or zygote. Hence, two parents are
involved in this type of reproduction. Just like asexual reproduction, this will still lead to a
new life.
After going through this module, you are expected to differentiate asexual
from sexual reproduction in terms of the number of offsprings and similarities of
offsprings to parents (S7LT-IIg-7).
Specifically, you are also expected to:
1. define sexual reproduction;
2. distinguish the ways by which plants and animals reproduce
sexually; and
3. realize the importance of reproduction as an essential mechanism
that ensures the survival of the species.

In going through this module, we hope that you will extend patience in
understanding and analyzing what you are reading because this will help you
understand the miracles of life.

What I Know

1
Directions: The following questions help teachers to assess what you already know
about the lesson to take. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer in your
science activity notebook.
1. A zygote’s genetic material is determined by_________.
A. An egg cell only C. Pollen and sperm cell
B. Sperm cell only D. An egg cell and a sperm cell
2. What type of reproduction passes genetic information to their offspring?
A. Sexual reproduction C. Both sexual and asexual
B. Asexual reproduction D. None of the above
3. For fertilization to occur in most flowering plants, insects or other animals
must transport the pollen to the pistil, what must happen for fertilization to
occur in flowering plants?
A. The plant must be exposed to sunlight during pollination.
B. The sperm cells in the pollen tube must be able to reach the eggs in
the ovule.
C. The eggs in the ovule must be able to reach the top of the stigma
where pollen is trapped.
D. All of these are correct.
4. What does sexual reproduction involve?
A. Development of haploid egg
B. One kind of reproductive cell
C. Two different kinds of reproductive cells
D. The formation and the separation of a bud from an individual animal
5. Which is the male organ of the flower?
A. Filament C. Pistil
B. Ovary D. Stamen
6. Which is also known as the collection of sepals?
A. Calyx C. Petal
B. Corolla D. Pistil
7. What is NOT a characteristic of sexual reproduction?
A. Gametes from two parents unite to form a zygote.
B. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
C. Offspring are different from their parents and sibling.

2
 D. Genetic variability of offspring helps to ensure survival in changing
environmental conditions.
8. A sperm cell unites with the egg cell to form a zygote. Which process is taking
place?
A. Fertilization C. Spore formation
B. Pollination D. Vegetative Propagation
9. Which of the following is TRUE about pollination and fertilization?
I. Pollination occurs when the pollen lands on the stigma of the female
flower. Sperm cells from the pollen grain move down into the ovary.
Fertilization occurs when one sperm cell fuses with the egg inside the
ovule.
II. Fertilization occurs when the pollen lands on the stigma of the female
flower. Sperm cells from the pollen grain move down into the ovary.
Pollination occurs when one sperm cell fuses with the egg inside the
ovule.
A. I only C. Both I and II
B. II only D. None of these
10. Which of the following organisms performs fertilization during reproduction?
A. Chicken C. Mushroom
B. Hydra D. Yeast
11. Which of the following statement below does NOT describe the flower of the
plant?
A. It is the organ for sexual reproduction.
B. Some of its parts may develop into a fruit with seeds.
C. It’s male and female parts are both found in the same flower.
D. Many structures aid in bringing the sperm cell in the pollen to the egg
cell in the ovule.

12. Which of the following statement is TRUE about external fertilization?

I. It is a feature of reproduction in which fertilization takes place
outside an organism’s body.
II. It is a feature of sexual reproduction in which sperm cells are
transported into the oviducts of the female.

3
 III. It usually occurs in an aquatic environment where both eggs and
sperm are released into the water.
IV. It happens during the process of spawning where one or several
females release their eggs and the male/s release sperm in the
same area, at the same time.
A. I and II only C. I, III, and IV only
B. III and IV only D. I, II, III and IV
13. Which of the following is an ADVANTAGE of sexual reproduction?
A. It is fast C. It is a better use of energy
B. It is safe D. It increases genetic variation
14. What is the general name for sex cells (egg or sperm)?
A. Gene C. Offspring
B. Gamete D. Zygote
15. Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants. How are flowers different from
the reproductive organs of animals?
A. Flowers need pollinators like bees to reproduce, animals do not.
B. Flowers are shed from time to time; nothing is shed from animals.
C. Flowers have male and female parts; animals have either male or
female parts.
D. There is no difference between flowers and the reproductive organs of
animals.

Lesson
1 Sexual Reproduction

4
 What’s In

Before we will proceed, let us have first a short review of asexual

reproduction.
Activity 1: Complete Me!

Directions: Complete the concept map about the different modes of asexual
reproduction. Write your answer in your science activity notebook.

Very

good! Job well done. You indeed remember your lessons about asexual
reproduction. So, you are now ready to learn about sexual reproduction.

What’s New

Activity 2: Fill Me In

5
Directions: Complete the crossword puzzle by filling in the word that fits each clue.
You can use the word bank provided below the box. Use your science activity
notebook in answering the puzzle.

ACROSS DOWN
1 The portion of the flower that Word1 Bank
When fertilized this becomes the
contain the ovules
seed
5 The stalk of the flower anther
angiosperms filament imperfect ovary
2 The portion of the flower in which the
7 The male portion of a flower
ovule peduncle perfect petals stamen
parts are attached
8 The portion of the flower used to
style stigma pistil receptacle fruit
3 When the ovary becomes fertilized it
visually attract insects
will grow into this structure
10 Flowers that have both male and
4 Flowering Plants
female parts
6 Flowers with only all-male parts or all
12 A threadlike structure that holds
female parts.
up the anther
9 Where pollen germinates
13 A tube like structure that holds
11 The portion of the flower that
up the stigma
where pollen is produced.
14 The female portion of a flower
Adapted from M.F. Fabunan, Cross Specialization Training of Grades 7-10 Science Teachers.

What is It

Sexual Reproduction is a form of reproduction that involves two parents.

Humans (and all animals that reproduce sexually) have reproductive cells called
gametes. Gametes are formed during meiosis, in the form of sperm (produced within
the testes of males) or eggs (produced within in the ovaries of females). Under
favorable conditions, sperm and egg cell unite in a process known as fertilization.

6
The resulting fertilized egg, or zygote, contains genes from both parents. Hence, the
offspring have unique combinations of genes. Offspring of sexual reproduction differ
genetically from their siblings and species extinction is highly unlikely.

TYPES OF ANIMAL FERTILIZATION

1. External fertilization It is characterized by the release of both sperm and egg into an
external environment. Many aquatic animals simply release
their eggs and sperm into the water. The water becomes the
medium in which the sperm swims to unite with an egg. The
female releases several millions of tiny eggs into the water. The
males, too, discharge almost at the same time in the same spot.
Through water movement, the sperm and egg mix. This way the
chances of fertilization are greater.
2. Internal fertilization It is when the male deposits his sperm directly into the female's
body. In internal fertilization, small, motile sperm are introduced
into the female reproductive tract during mating. The sperm
cells swim up the reproductive tract until they encounter a
mature egg or oocyte in an oviduct where fertilization occurs.
Animals that undergo this type of reproduction produce
offspring in any of the following ways: oviparous, ovoviviparous,
and viviparous.

Three ways of Internal Fertilization

1. Oviparous After the eggs are fertilized internally, it would complete its
development outside the mother’s body. The egg would
receive its nourishment through its yolk. This is found in some
bony and cartilaginous fish (including clownfish), most reptiles,
some amphibians, all birds, and a few mammals.
2.Ovoviviparou The eggs are also fertilized internally and receive their
s nourishment through its yolk. However, eggs will complete its
development within the mother. They are then fully developed
when they are hatched and released by the mother. It is
common in some bony fish, some cartilaginous fish, and many
reptiles.
3. Viviparous  The eggs are developed internally and receive nourishment

7
 directly from the mother’s blood through the placenta rather
than from the yolk. This can be found in most cartilaginous fish,
some amphibians, a few reptiles, and almost all mammals
including humans.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS

The flower is the reproductive organ in flowering plants. Flowers have
structures that produce the gametes necessary for reproduction. It is a specialized
part of an angiosperm plant that occurs singly or in clusters, possesses whorls of
often colorful petals or sepals. Take a look at the parts of the gumamela flower
below.

(Adapted from M.F. Fabunan, Cross Specialization Training of Grades 7-10 Science Teachers.)

Fig. 1. A typical complete flower and its reproductive structure

Parts of a Gumamela Flower

A. Sterile Parts/ Non-Essential parts of a Flower- these parts are for support and
help in attracting insects for pollination.
1. Calyx- is a collection of sepals. It is green, leaf-like structures that cover and
protects the rest of the flower. They also support the other parts when the bud
opens.
2. Corolla- is found inside the calyx. It usually consists of one or more petals.
These are often, but not always bright-colored. Corolla together with calyx
frequently attracts insects. They may also help protect the inner part of the
flowers.
3. PEDUNCLE/ PEDICEL- stalk that attaches the flower to the stem.
4. Receptacle- bulging extensions of the pedicel

8
B. Essential Parts or the Reproductive Parts
1. Stamen- the male reproductive part of the flower and is collectively called as
androecium. It consists of the following:
a. Filament - the slender stalk
b. Anther - a knoblike structure located at the tip of the filament that
produces colored pollen grains. Pollen contains sperm nuclei, which is
essential for reproduction.
2. Pistil - the female reproductive part of the flower and is collectively called as
gynoecium. Pistil is also known as carpel. It is usually flask-shaped and
consists of the following:
a. Stigma - expanded tip of the style and is usually sticky which receive the
pollen grains
b. Style - long, slender stalk which supports the stigma
c. Ovary - a swollen base where the style ends and that bears the ovules.
The ovules will later become seeds.

What’s More

Activity 2: Sexual Reproduction and Development in Different Animals

This activity will help the learners understand that there is a difference among
animals in terms of reproduction and development.
Directions: Go over the list of animals and describe in the appropriate column their
respective breeding place, type of fertilization, and development of the embryo. You
may write your answers to your science activity notebook.

Reproduction and Development in Selected Animals

Animals Breeding Fertilization Development of
Place-Land or External or Embryo (Outside

9
 Water Internal or Inside) the
female’s Body
Milkfish
Cat
Frog
Duck
Cow
Chicken
Dog
Turtle
Rat
Human

Excellent! You did a great job.

Activity 3: Investigate Me!

This time, you will now apply the knowledge that you have learned from your
previous readings. Using your science activity notebook, answer the following
questions.

Directions: You may look for a real gumamela flower in your area (if you have) or
you may examine the entire flower and the part of its stem found in the module
(Figure 1).

Q1. Describe how the flower is attached to the stem.

Q2. What are the reproductive structures of the flower? Describe them.
Q3. What do you think is the adaptive value of the sticky characteristics of the stigma
in reproduction?

10
 Wow! Great job

What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Complete Me!

Directions: Fill up the concept map of the plant reproductive organ using the
word pool below.

2 3

6
4 5 7
11
 8 9 11 12
10

Fig. 2. Plant Reproductive Organ

Reproductive The flower
Non- reproductive Stamen (male)
Sepals Petals
Pistil (female) Anther (pollen)
Filament Stigma
Ovary (ovum) Style
Wow…Amazing. You have done it well!

What I Can Do

Activity 5: Easy Essay

Directions: In five sentences only, make your stand on the situation below. Write
your answer in your science activity notebook.
Jellyfish reproduction involves both sexual and asexual reproduction. Sexual
reproduction occurs in the adult stage where males release sperm and females
release the egg. When sperm and egg combine, it will form a small larva called
planula. These planulae will attach to rocks and become polyps. During this stage,
they can reproduce asexually by elongating then-budding off to produce many young
jellyfish. Why do you think many species of jellyfish produce offspring extraordinarily
quickly?

Rubric for Scoring:

12
 Basis 3 2 1
Ideas Ideas presented Ideas presented is Ideas has no
is clear and not well defined clear sense of
focused purpose
Organization Information is Information is Information is
relevant and in somewhat relevant not relevant
logical order
Word choice The choice of The choice of The choice of
words is accurate words is not so words is not
accurate accurate

Spelling and Spelling and Only few errors in Many errors in

punctuation punctuations are spelling and spelling and
all correct punctuation is punctuations are
observed observed

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
your science notebook.
1. Which is also known as the collection of sepals?
A. Calyx C. Petal
B. Corolla D. Pistil
2. When does a zygote being produced?
A. During fission C. During fertilization
B. During conjugation D. During pollination
3. Which is the male organ of the flower?
A. Anther C. Pistil
B. Ovary D. Stamen
4. For fertilization to occur in most flowering plants, insects or other animals
must transport the pollen to the pistil, what must happen for fertilization to
occur in flowering plants?
A. The plant must be exposed to sunlight during pollination.

13
 B. The sperm cells in the pollen tube must be able to reach the eggs in
the ovule.
C. The eggs in the ovule must be able to reach the top of the stigma
where pollen is trapped.
D. All of these are correct.
5. What does sexual reproduction involve?
A. Development of haploid egg
B. One kind of reproductive cell
C. Two different kinds of reproductive cells
D. The formation and the separation of a bud from an individual animal
6. In sexual reproduction, what is the source of the genetic material in a zygote?
A. An egg cell only C. A pollen and sperm cell
B. A sperm cell only D. An egg and a sperm cell
7. Which is most likely undergoing sexual reproduction?
A. A starfish fertilizing a female
B. A sea sponge reproducing by mitosis
C. A bacterium reproducing by binary fission
D. Both A & B
8. Which of the following is TRUE about pollination and fertilization?
I. Pollination occurs when the pollen lands on the stigma of the female
flower. A sperm cells from the pollen grain moves down into the ovary.
Fertilization occurs when one sperm cell fuses with the egg inside the
ovule.
II. Fertilization occurs when the pollen lands on the stigma of the female
flower. Sperm cell from the pollen grain move down into the ovary.
Pollination occurs when one sperm cell fuses with the egg inside the
ovule.
A. I only B. II only C. Both I and II D. None of these
9. Which of these statements about the flower of the plant is NOT true?
A. It is the organ for sexual reproduction.
B. Some of its parts may develop into a fruit with seeds.
C. Its male and female parts are both found in the same flower.
D. Many structures aid in bringing the sperm cell in the pollen to the egg
cell in the ovule.
10.Which of the following is an ADVANTAGE of sexual reproduction?

14
 A. It is fast C. It is a better use of energy
B. It is safe D. It increases genetic variation
11.Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants. How are flowers different from
the reproductive organs of animals?
A. Flowers need pollinators like bees to reproduce, animals do not.
B. Flowers are shed from time to time; nothing is shed from animals.
C. Flowers have male and female parts; animals have either male or
female parts.
D. There is no difference between flowers and the reproductive organs of
animals.
12. What is the general name for sex cells (egg or sperm)?
A. Zygote C. Gamete
B. Offspring D. Gene
13.What type of reproduction passes genetic information to the future
generations?
A. Asexual reproduction C. Both sexual and asexual
B. Sexual reproduction D. none of the above
14.What is NOT a characteristic of sexual reproduction?
A. Gametes from two parents unite to form a zygote.
B. Offspring are genetically identical with the parent.
C. Offspring are different from their parents and sibling.
D. Genetic variability of offspring helps to ensure survival in changing
environmental conditions.
15. Which of the following statement is TRUE about external fertilization?
I. It is a feature of reproduction in which fertilization takes place outside
an organism’s body.
II. It is a feature of sexual reproduction in which sperm cells are
transported into the oviducts of the female.
III. It usually occurs in an aquatic environment where both eggs and
sperm are released into the water.
IV. It happens during the process of spawning where one or several
females release their eggs and the male/s release sperm in the same area,
at the same time.
A. I and II only C. I, III, and IV only
B. III and IV only D. I, II, III and IV

15
 Additional Activities

Activity 5: Answer Me!

Directions: You may use a short size bond paper on this part of the lesson.

Have you heard about in vitro fertilization? It means “fertilization inside a glass
(test tube)”. This is a laboratory-oriented mode of reproduction which helps childless
couples to have their own child. Despite this benefit, there are moral and legal
problems. Are you in favor of this type of reproduction? Why or why not? Support
your answer.

Rubric for Scoring:

Basis 3 2 1
Ideas Ideas presented Ideas presented Ideas has no
is clear and is not well clear sense of
focused defined purpose
Organization Information is Information is Information is not
relevant and somewhat relevant
presented in relevant
logical order
Word choice The choice ofThe choice of The choice of
words is
words is words is not
accurate somewhat accurate
accurate
Spelling and Spelling and Only few errors in Distracting errors
punctuation punctuations are spelling and in spelling and

16
 all correct punctuation is punctuations are
observed observed

Congratulations! You have successfully completed Module 2. Please proceed

to Module 3. You are now ready to compare Sexual and Asexual Reproduction.

Answer Key

17
References

BOOKS
________________________________________________________
Asuncion., et al.,(20170 Science Learners Material for Grade 7. Department
of Education.

Biology II Textbook, (2004) Department of Education, Book Media Press, Inc.

& Printwell Inc.,

Fabunan, M. F. (2018) Sexual Reproduction and Fertilization-. Cross-

Specialization Training of Grades 7 – 10 Science Teachers on their Non-
Major Science Subjects Manual.,

SEDP Series, Science and Technology II Textbook. (1990). Instructional

Materials Corporation.

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
____________________________________________________
ReviewGameZone.com. (n. d). Asexual and sexual reproduction.
https://reviewgamezone.com/mc/candidate/test/?test_id=31367&title=Asexual
%20And%20Sexual%20Reproduction. Accessed May 31, 2020
https://www.rcboe.org/cms/lib/GA01903614/Centricity/Domain/1472/Spr
ing%20break%20test%20key.pdf. Accessed May 29, 2020.

Quizziz.comhttps://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/56fc96a57359542075c77f44/asex
ual-vs-sexual- reproduction. Accessed June 02, 2020

Quizziz.com(n.d.)https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5825eb4f0a0d754977e8d185
/asexual-sexual-reproduction. Accessed June 02, 2020

18
 sexual vs. asexual reproduction. Accessed from
https://www.cpsk12.org/cms/lib8/MO01909752/Centricity/Domain/3507/Sexual
%20vs%20%20Asexual%20Reproduction.pdf Accessed on May 29, 2020

Kesler Science, LLC. Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction lesson

plan- a complete science lesson using the 5E method of instruction. Accessed
from https://www.keslerscience.com/sexual-reproduction-and-asexual-
reproduction-lesson-plan-a-complete-science-lesson-using-the-5e-method-of-
instruction/ Accessed on May 29, 2020

Easyteacherworksheets.com. Forms of reproduction science worksheets

accessed from
https://www.easyteacherworksheets.com/science/answermixed-
reproduction.html. Accessed on May 29, 2020

InfoBase. Sexual and asexual reproduction. Program support notes. 2012.

VEA Bringing learning to life. VEA pty LTD. Accessed from
https://fod.infobase.com/http/52300/52383_guide.pdf . Accessed on May 30,
2020

Lumen boundless biology. Reproduction method. Accessed from

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/reproduction-
methods/. Accessed June 02, 2020.

Warlito Zamora Canoy. (2017) Perpetuation of Life. The Reproduction of

Animals.. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/notes/earth-and-life-
science/62-the-reproduction-of-animals/2004463749790271/ retrieved on June
18,

19
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