ON LINE CLASS

ON
SAFETY IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY

Mr. Praveen Badodia

Assistant Professor
IPS Academy Indore
Institute of Engineering and Science
Dept. of Fire Tech. and Safety Engg.
 UNIT- 02

Lecture No.

Catalytic Reforming
Catalytic Reforming:
Catalyst, Process Technology
and Operations Overview
 Contents
Catalytic Reforming:
Fundamentals of Catalytic Reforming
Objective
Catalyst, Process Technology
Reaction Chemistry and Mechanisms

and Operations Overview

Desirable and Undesirable Reactions
Process Variables
Reactor Temperature
Reactor Pressure
Space Velocity
Hydrogen / Hydrocarbon Ratio
Feedstock
Yield Charts
Reforming Process Flow Sheets (PFDs)
Fixed Bed reforming
Semi Regenerative Reforming
(CCR) Continuous Catalytic Regenerative Reforming
Octanizing
Dualforming
RZ Platforming
 Contents, con’t
Catalytic Reforming:
Catalyst,
Reforming catalyst Process Technology
and
CatalystOperations
Types Overview
Catalyst Poisons
Catalyst Distribution
Catalyst Sampling
Catalyst Regeneration

Catalytic Reforming Economics Comparison

Key Energy and Environmental Facts

Conclusions
Fundamentals of Catalytic Reforming
Basic catalytic reforming scheme with three heaters,
three reactors and recycled hydrogen; the excess H2 is
later used in other refining plants.
Chemical Reactions
Desirable reactions with hydrogen production
Desirable reactions with hydrogen production
Adverse Reactions
Adverse Reactions
Adverse Reactions
Adverse Reactions
Chemical Reactions
Processes Variables
 Processes Variables

➢Process variables that may be adjusted by design or during

operation include:

➢ Reactor temperature
➢ Pressure
➢ Space velocity
➢ Hydrogen / hydrocarbon ratio
➢ Feedstock characteristics

➢The relationships of the variables generally apply to both fixed-

bed reforming and continuous reforming.
Processes Variables
Processes Variables
Processes Variable: Pressure
Processes Variable: Pressure
Processes Variable: Temperature
Reforming Process PFDs
Reforming Process PFDs
Catalytic Reformers Utilize Multiple Reactor Beds
Fixed bed reformer
Conventional Unit
Semi-Regenerative Catalytic Reformer Unit

Courtesy: UOP
Cyclic Regenerative Reforming
CCR with stacked reactors

Courtesy: UOP
Stacked CCR Catalytic Reformer Unit

Courtesy: UOP
 Side-by-Side Arrangement

Courtesy: Axens
Comparison of Semi-Regeneration
Reforming Process and CCR Process
Comparion of Semi-Regeneration
Reforming Process and CCR Process

➢ high utilization of feed due to low operating

pressure
➢ on stream factor of more than 95%
➢ flexibility to process a wide variety of feedstock
➢ only two catalyst lifts for minimal catalyst attrition
➢ Stacked reactors for economical design
➢ optimized heat and compression integration for
every unit
➢ liquid recovery optimized on every unit.
Disadvantages of CCR Continuous Reforming Technology
➢CCR process shows disadvantages of complicated process flow and more investment as
an additional continuous catalyst regeneration system is provided.

Note: However, it can contribute to high octane product, high product yield, long unit
operation cycle and flexible operation.
Dualforming
Reforming Catalyst
Catalyst
Catalyst
Catalyst
Catalysts Poisons
Catalysts Contaminants
Catalysts Contaminants (Contd…)
Catalysts Distribution
Catalyst Distribution
Catalyst Regeneration
Regenerator Section: RegenC-2
RegenC Catalyst Regenerator
Reactor Types
Typical Radial CCR Reactor
Thank You!