UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR SEMESTER 1 FINAL EXAMINATION SEMESTER I SESI 2019/2020 SESSION 2019/2020 FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL DAN PEMBUATAN KOD KURSUS 7 BMMD 2313 COURSE CODE KURSUS, ‘ THERMOFLUID COURSE TERMOBENDALIR PENYELARAS | NUR FARAH BAZILAH BINTI WAKHI ANUAR, COORDINATOR PROGRAM ‘ BMMD, BMMP, BMMW PROGRAMME MASA : 2.15 PETANG - 4.45 PETANG TIME 215 PM— 4.45 PM TEMPOH : 2JAM30 MINIT DURATION 2. HOURS AND 30 MINUTES TARIKH _ 9 JANUARI 2020 DATE 9 JANUARY 2020 ‘TEMPAT 2 BILIK KULIAH ETKMP 35-40 VENUE LECTURE ROOMS FTKMP 35-40 ARAHAN KEPADA CALON: INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Jawab SEMUA soalan di BAHAGIAN A dan SATU (1) soalan di BAHAGIAN B. Answer any ALL questions in PART A and any ONE (1) question in PART B. Touliskan semua jawapan anda di atas kertas jawapan yang disediakan, Wiite your answer on the answer sheet provided. Setiap jawapan kepada soalan hendaklah dimulakan di muka surat yang baru, All answers to the questions should be written in a new page. KERTAS SOALAN INI TERDIRI DARIPADA EMPAT PULUH (40) MUKA SURAT SAHAJA (TERMASUK MUKA SURAT HADAPAN) THIS QUESTION PAPER CONTAINS FORTY (49) PAGES INCLUSIVE OF FRONT PAGESULIT PERINGATAN ‘REMINDER: @® PELAJAR TIDAK DIBEBNARKAN SAMA SEKALI MEMBAWA APA-APA BUKU, KERTAS, SURATAN, GAMBAR, NOTA, SEBARANG ALAT YANG DI DALAM ATAU DI ATASNYA TERDAPAT CATATAN BERTULIS, ‘PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATOR’, TELEFON MUDAH ALIH ATAU SEBARANG ALAT KECUALI YANG DIBENARKAN OLEH PENGAWAS KE DALAM ATAU KELUAR DARI SESUATU DEWAN PEPERIKSAAN ATAU MENERIMA APA-APA BUKU, KERTAS, SURATAN, GAMBAR, NOTA, SEBARANG ALAT YANG DI DALAM ATAU DI ATASNYA TERDAPAT CATATAN BERTULIS, ‘PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATOR’, ‘TELEFON MUDAH ALIH ATAU SEBARANG ALAT DARI MANA-MANA ORANG LAIN SEMASA DI DALAM DEWAN PEPERIKSAAN KECUALI SESEORANG PELAJAR SEMASA IA BERADA DI DALAM DEWAN PEPERIKSAAN ITU MENERIMA DARIPADA PENGAWAS = APA-APA___- BUKU, _KERTAS, DOKUMEN/GAMBAR ATAU LAIN-LAIN ALAT YANG DIBENARKAN OLEH NAIB CANSELOR ATAS SYOR PEMERIKSA ATAU FAKULTL STUDENTS ARE NOT ALLOWED TO BRING IN ANY BOOKS, PAPERS, DOCUMENTS, PHOTOGRAPHS, NOTES, ANY TOOLS WHICH THERE ARE WRITTEN RECORDS, MOBILE PHONES, OR ANY OTHER DEVICES WITHOUT THE PRIOR PERMISSION OF THE INVIGILATORS INTO OR OUT OF THE EXAMINATION HALL, OR RECEIVE ANY PAPERS, BOOKS, DOCUMENTS, PHOTOGRAPHS, NOTES, ANY DEVICES IN OR ON WHICH THERE ARE WRITTEN RECORDS, 'PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATORS’, OR TOOLS FROM OTHER PERSON(S) PRESENT IN THE EXAMINATION HALL; EXCEPT MATERIALS OR DEVICES PROVIDED BY THE INVIGILATORS AND PERMITTED BY THE VICE CHANCELLOR ON THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE EXAMINERS OR FACULTIES. @ SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT BAHAGIAN A SOALAN1 (@) _ Nilai-nilai entalpi, b, dalam kI /kg tidak boleh diukur secara langsung, dan ia dikira dari sifat yang boleh diukur menggunaken hubungan antara sifat-sifat termodinamik. Walau bagsimenapun, perubahan dalam sifat adalah di titikberatkan, dan keadaan rujukan yang dipilih tidak mempunyai akibat dalam perhitungan selagi menggunakan nilai dari satu set jadual yang konsisten, Menggunakan jadual A-11, A-12 dan/ atau A-13, tentukan sifat-sifat yang hilang dan penerangan fasa (j)-(xiv) dalam Jadual S1(a) berikut untuk penyejuk-134a, 5) ivy [14 markah] 2 SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT (0) Bekas tegar seperti yang ditunjukken dalam Rajah S1(b) mengendungi 2 kg penyejuk- 134a pada 900-kPa dan 80°C (rujukjadual 4-11, A-12 dan / atau A-13). ‘Figure $1(b): Bekas Tegar @ — Hitung jumlah isipadu bekas tegar, dalam m’, [6 market) (i) Kira jumtah tenaga dalamen, dalam kJ. [5 marke] (25 MARKAH} 3 SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT SOALAN 2 (a) Viskometer berputar terdiri daripada dua silinder sepusat seperti ditunjulkkan dalam Rajah $2(a). Satu silinder dalaman radius, Ri berputar pada halaju angular «; dan silinder tetap Iuar dengan jejari dalaman, R., Pada sela kecil antara kedua-dua silinder terdapat cecair berkelikatan, u. Panjang silinder adalah L, L adalah besar di mana kesan akhir diabaikan. Daya kilas, 7’ diperlukan untuk memutarkan silinder dalaman pada kkelajuan malar. = 2alponR} Diberi , R-R Coca, Silinder berputar dalamen Silinde tetap ar Rajah $2(a): Silinder berputar dalaman dan silinder tetap Iuar. @ — Anggapkan jejari silinder dalaman, 2; adalah 0.0600 m, jejari silinder Iuar, Ro adalah 0.0602 m, kelikatan cecair, 4 adalah 0.799 ke/m.s, dan panjang, L viskometer adalah 1 m. Kira daya kilas, T dalam unit N.m, jika putaran adalah 100 rpm. (6 markah] (i) Hitung yang akan terjadi kepada daya kilas, 7 di $2(a)(i) sekiranya nilai putaran meningkat kepada 400 rpm. [5 markab] (iii) Terangkan perubahan perilaku daya kilas, T'pada S2(a)(i). (2 markah](e) (BMMD 2313) SULIT Aliran berkelikatan (viscous flow) boleh diklasifikasikan kepada aliran lamina, peralihan dan juga gelora, Di dalam satu sistem aliran, diberi ketumpatan suatu bahan adalah erdasarkan 5.64 kg bagi 1-m°. Pada kelikatan 15.2 x 10% kg'm.s, ianya bergerak pada kadar 25 m/s. () —_ Bandingkan tiga Klasifikasi setiap likat aliran dari segi definisi dan nombor Reynold. [6 markah] (ii) Sekiranya diameter dalaman paip tersebut adalah 100 mm, hitung nombor Reynold. [5 markah] (ii) Tentukan jenis aliran dalam sistem tersebut pada S2(b)(ii). [1 markah] [25 MARKAH] 5 SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT SOALAN3 (a) _L-m? tangki A seperti yang ditunjukken dalam Rajah Q3(a) yang mengandungi udara pada 25°C dan SO0kPa. Tangki A disambungkan melalui injap ke tangki B yang mengandungi Skg udara pada 35°C dan 200 kPa, Selepas injap terbuka, dan keseluruhan sistem dibenarkan mencapai keseimbangan termal dengan suhu persekitaran 20°C. Diberikan pemalar gas udara, R= 0.287 kPa.m*/kg.K. P=200 kPa Rajah $3(a): Tangki sambungan dengan injap. @ ——_Hitung jumlah isipadu keseluruhan tangki A dan tangki B, dalam m’. [4 markah] Gi) Kirakan jumlah jisim udara untuk tangki A dan tangki B, dalam kg, [4 markah] (ii) Cari tekanan kescimbangan akhir udara, dalam kPa. (4 markah} 6 SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT (©) — Kontena tegar 150-L yang dipenuhi dengan air 1 kg pada tekanan awal 2-MPa seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah Q3(b) disejukkan sehingga suhu jatuh ke 40°C. (rujuk jaduat A-4, A-5 dan / atau A-6). Rajah $3(b): Kontena tegar (@ — Hitung isipadu tertentu, dalam m*/kg. [3 markah} (i) Hitung subu awal, dalam °C. (3 markah} ii) Kira tekenan terakchir, dalam kPa. (3 markah} (iv) _Iilustrasikan proses fasa pada rajah P-y berkenaan dengan garisan ketepuan, [4 markah} (25 MARKAH} + SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT BAHAGIANB SOALAN 4 @ Kitar udara-piawai dengan haba tentu boleh ubah dilakukan dalam sistem tertutup dan terdiri daripada empat proses seperti berikut: 1-2 Mampatan sentropik dari 100 kPa dan suhu 22°C hingga 600 kPa 2-3 Isipadu tetap bersama tambahan haba malar ke 1500 K 3-4 Pengembangan sentropik ke 100 kPa 4-1 Tekanan tetap bersama tolakan haba malar ke keadaen awal Diberi Variable Specific Heat Isentropic Processes of Ideal Gas: (2) = () 1 Jawcortnr Fr @ —‘Lakatkan kitaran pada gambar rajah P-v dan gambar rajah Ts. [4 markah] Gi) Tentukan kerja bersih keluaran setiap unit [8 markah] (iii) Hitung kecekapan terma kitaran, 77. [3 markah] 8. SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT (>) Tinggi 6-m, dengan blok plat segi empat tepat 5-m di hujung saluran air tawar dalam 5- 1m, seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah $4(b). Plat ini diengselkan dengan paksi mendatar i sepanjang tepi atasnya melalui titik A dan dihalang daripada pembukaan oleh batas tetap di titik B. Diberi kepadatan air tawar adalah 1000 kg/m’, Diberi: P= pgh F=pgha rd Rajah $4 (b): Blok plat segiempat tepat @ —_Hitung tekanan di permukaan centroid, dalam kPa. [2 markah] (ii) Kirakan daya hidrostatik yang dihasilkan, dalam kN. [2 markah] (iii) Hitung daya yang dikenakan pada plat oleh rabung pada titik B, dalam kN. [6 markab] (25 MARKAH]} SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT SOALAN 5 (@ Wap dikembangken dalam turbin seentropi seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah S5 (@) dengan salur masuk tunggal dan salur keluar tunggal. Di bahagian masuk, wapstim berada pada 2 MPa dan 350 °C. Tekanan wap di salur keluar ialah 100 kPa. 2 2 Diet: 1) Qy +1, +5 (hy +4 95) = Ogg + Wag +Em (hy + 2.) 2) = S2 (rujuk jadual A-4, A-S dan / atau A-6). 2MPa 350°C 100 kPa Rajah $5(a): Turbin seentropi @ ——Temukan entalpi pada salur masuk turbin, dalam KI / kg. [2 markah] Gi) Selesaikan entalpi di salur keluar turbin, dalam kJ / kg. [4 markah] Gi) Hitung kerja yang dihasilkan oleh turbin ini, dalam KI / kg (4 markah} -10- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT (®) Air dengan p= 1000 kg/m’ dan y= 1 x 10° kg/ms, dipamkan di antara dua takungan pada kadar 0.015 m'/s melalui paip besi tuang panjang = 100 m dan diameter = 50 mm, dengan beberapa kehilangan kecil (minor), seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah S5(b). eee Oia Diberi: Wamp ae pe Injap separa terbuka 50m Injap terbuka penuh { Aliran Sesilau, 2 x 90° ‘Masukan bucu tajam Rajah $5(b) :Sistem paip (i) __ Kenalpasti jenis aliran sistem berdasarkan pengiraan nombor Reynold. [5 markah] (i) Hitung kehilangan kecil (minor) sistem. [5 marke} (iii) Kirakan kuasa yang diperlukan oleh pam. [5 markah} [25 MARKAH} - SOALAN PEPERIKSAAN TAMAT — -ll- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT PART A QUESTION 1 @ ‘The values of enthalpy, A, in ki/kg cannot be measured directly, and itis calculated from measureable properties using the relationship between thermodynamics properties. However, the changes in phase properties is be concemed, and the reference state chosen is of no consequence in calculation as long as use values from a single consistent set of tables. By using table A-11, A-12 and/or A-13, determine the missing properties and the phase descriptions (i)-(xiv) in the following Table Q1(a) for reftigerant-134a ): Table for refrigerant -134a [14 marks] “12- SULIT(BMMD 2313) sULIT () — Arigid vessel as shown in Figure Q1(b) contains 2-kg of reftigerant-134a at 900-kPa and 80°C (refer table A-I1, A-12 and/or A-13) Figure Q1(b): Rigid Vessel @ Calculate the volume of the vessel, in m*, [6 marks] (i) Compute the total intemal energy, in KI. [5 marks} [25 MARKS) 13 SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT QUESTION 2 (@) A rotating viscometer consists of two concentric cylinders shown in Figure Q2(a). An inner cylinder of radius, Ri rotating at an angular velocity (rotation rate) wi, and a stationary outer cylinder of inside radius, Ro, In the tiny gap between the two cylinders is the fluid of viscosity, 1. The length of the cylinders is Z. L is large such that end effects are negligible. Torque, 7 is required to rotate the inner cylinder at a constant speed. ating inner cylinder Stationery’ outer cylinder Figure Q2(a): Rotating inner and stationary outer cylinders. @ Consider the inner cylinder radius, Ry is 0.0600 m, the outer cylinder radius, Re is 0.0602 m, the fluid viscosity, 1 is 0.799 kg/m.s, and the length L of the viscometer is 1 m. Solve the torque, 7'in N.m if the rotations are 100 rpm. (6 marks] Gi) Calculate what would happen to the torque, Tat Q2(a)(i) if the rotation increases to 400 rpm. [5 marks] (iii) Explain the changes behavior of torque, T at Q2(a) Gi). [2 marks] 14. SULIT0) (BMMD 2313) SULIT A viscous flow can be classified as a laminar, trensition or turbulent flow. A flow system. has a density of 5.64 kg for I-m?. At the viscosity of 15.2 x 10 kg/m.s, it moves at the rate of 25 m/s. @ Compare the three classification of each viscous flow in terms of definition and it Reynold numbers. [6 marks] (i) If the inner diameter of a pipe is 100 mm, calculate the Reynold number. {5 marks] Classify the type of flow in the system at Q2(b)(ii). [1 mark] [25 MARKS] “15. suLIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT QUESTION 3 @ A 1am’ tank A as shown in Figure Q3(a) is containing air at 25°C and 500kPa. The tank A is connected through a valve to tank B containing Skg of air at 35°C and 200 kPa, After the valve is open, and the entire system is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings temperature of 20°C. Given gas constant of air, R = 0.287 kPamkg.K. Air m=5kg T=35°C P=200kPa Figure Q3(a): Connection tank with valve. @ Calculate the total volume of both tank A and tank B, in m’, [4 marks] (i) Compute the total mass of air for tank A and tank B, in kg, (4 marks} (iii) Determine the final equilibrium pressure of air, in kPa. [4 marks] 16 SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT () The 150-L rigid container that filled with I-kg water at initial pressure of 2-MPa as shown in Figure Q3(b) is cooled until the temperature drops to 40°C. (refer table A-4, A-5 and/or A-6). Figure Q3(b): Rigid Container (Calculate the specific volume, in m3/kg [3 marks] (i) Caloulate the initial temperature, in °C. [3 marks] Gii) Compute the final pressure, in kPa [3 marks] (iv) Illustrate the phase process on a P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines. [4 marks] [25 MARKS] -17- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT PARTB QUESTION 4 @ An air-standard cycle with variable specific heats is executed in a closed system and is composed of the following four processes: 1—2 Isentropic compression from 100 kPa and 22°C to 600 kPa 2-3 Constant- volume with heat addition to 1500 K 3-4 Isentropic expansion to 100 kPa 4 Constant-pressure with heat rejection to initial state Given Variable Specific Heat Isentropic Processes of Ideal Gas: (2) -() 1 nent @ Illustrate the cycle on P-v and T-s diagrams. [4 marks] Gi) Determine the net of work output per cycle per unit mass. [8 marks] Gil) Calculate the cycle thermal efficiency, 77 [3 marks] -18- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT (bt) A 6m high, with 5-m rectangular plate blocks at the end of a 5-m deep freshwater channel, as shown in Figure Q4(b). The plate is hinged about a horizontal axis along its upper edge at point A and is restrained from opening by a fixed ridge at point B. Given density of freshwater is 1000 kg/m’. Given: P= pgh F=pgha Figure Q4(b): Rectangular plate block @ Calculate the pressure at the centroid of the plate surface, in kPa. [2 marks] (i) Calculate the resultant hydrostatic force at the centroid, in KN. [2 marks] (iii) Calculate the force exerted on the plate by the ridge at point B, in KN. [6 marks] [25 MARKS} -19- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT QUESTION 5 (@) Steam is expanded in an isentropic turbine as shown in Figure Q5(a) with a single inlet and outlet, At the inlet, the steam is at 2 MPa and 350 °C. The steam pressure at the outlet is 100 kPa. 2 2 Given: 1) + Hy +E + + 85) = Og +g # Din +E g2,) 2) = 8, (refer table A-4, A-5 andlor A-6), 2MPa 350°C 100 kPa. Figure Q5(a): Isentropic turbine @ Discover the enthalpy at the inlet of turbine, in kI/kg. [2 marks] Gi) Solve the enthalpy at the outlet of turbine, in kI/kg, [4 marks] Gii) Calculate the work produced by this turbine, in kI/kg, [4 marks} -20- SULIT() (BMMD 2313) SULIT Water with p= 1000 kg/m? and j.~ 1 x 10° kg/m.s, is pumped between two reservoirs at 0.015 m’/s through 100 m of $0-mm-diameter cast iron pipe and several minor losses, as shown in Figure Q5(b). PPE ones Given: Wany Tne Gate valve, Helf-open Globe vaive, fn 2. 90° elbow Sharp-edged entrance Figure Q5(b): Piping system (Identity the type of the flow system based on calculation of Reynold number. [5 marks} Gi) Caleulate the minor losses. [5 marks} (di) Calculate the pumping power required [5 marks] [25 MARKS] - END OF EXAM QUESTIONS - -21- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT APPENDIX -Various formulas- © Ideal gas law: = PY == ‘+ Universal gas constant R = 8.3143 kifamol.”K. + Molecular weight: o Ri3te @ First Law: for Grzs} b-irnili G2) + Loss in piping sytem y= petal Mi | EMi Mejores: [= / 536] Minor ado Minors 5 102.03 kg/kmol ; Ait = 28.97 kg/lanol Y y of a | 2s rag ws = aa ae] a A212 Nye? OOS 2002 ng 8a lege ABD (e)Recangio op Rg tangle covmiangte y ® 2 a aR 5 x APH tag OIBTIRE = ga, . AnH? epg 2 ARM al alia weyciae coy semverce (h Quarterstce General dryness fraction: Jaye =Yy +2Yjg y Flow: V= 7 i Pressure Loss: AP, =, fee -22- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT Entrance and Exit Losses h=Kv42g Table of typical pipe wall roughness, e value Eaves bied oe Entrance Losses Coefficients Concrete 03~3 mm Cast Iron 0.25 mm Galvanised Iron 0.15 mm | ‘Asphalted Cast Iron [0.12 mm et Mild Steel 0.045 mm Alege Wrought Iron : Reentrant: Drawn Tubing, j K=4 Brass, Lead, Glass, _| 0.0015 mm Commercial Steel we ‘Losses in Pipe Fitting and Bends Ee 2 [ starp-cagea: h=K— fate 2g as Approximate Loss Coefficients K for : ‘Commercial Pipe Fittings (SK Som) ( eon ‘Type and position of fittings | Values of K Globe valve, | Wide open 10 Eeereeeeeeeeesseerereese Gate valve, | Wide open 02 Exit Losses Coefficient “Three-quarters Lis K= L for all exit eases open e ‘Half open 36 Quarter open 24 Pump foot valve 15 90° elbow (threaded) 09 45° elbow (threaded) 04 Side outlet of T junction 18 ~Characteristic Length of the Geometry- Rectangular duct: Circular tube: = dab, Fae By Channel: a -23- SULIT(BMMD 2313) sULIT Conversion Factors DIMENSION: METRIC ‘METRIC / ENGLISH Acceleration | 1 m’s= 100 ems? Imig’ = 3.2808 #6? 1 Ris = 0.3088" mis? Area 1m? = 10% cm? = 10mm? Lm? = 1550 in?= 10.764 #8 = 10%" 18? = 144 in’ = 0.09290304" m* Density I géem*=1kgL = 1000kgim? 1 g/cm? = 62.48 Ibm/ft = 0.036127 Ibnvin? ‘Momvin* = 1728 tbmif? 1 kg/m? = 0.062428 Ibmif? Energy, heat, | 1h=1000=1000Nm=1kPam’ | 117= 0.94782 8m ‘work, 1 klikg = 1000 mn’'s? 1 Bt = 1.055056 kF = 5.40395 psia.f = 778.169 IbER {Broth =25 07 Hie =2396 Kykg 1 kkg = 0.430 BrwvTbm LAW = 3412.14 Btu 1 therm = 10° Bta= 1.055 x 10° (aatural ges) Fore kgmis’= 10° dyne 1 Tbf= 32.174 Ibm fis? = 4.44822. 1 kg = 9.80665. 1N=0.20481 bf eat ux 1 Wrem? = 10" Win? 1 Win? = 03171 Bax? ‘Heat generation | 1 Wem? = 10 Wim? 1 Winn? = 0.09665 Btw. rte Heat ransfer | 1 Wim?’C=1 Wie®K 1 Win? 'C= 0.17612 Bowhs?.F coefficient Length 1m=100cm~ 100mm m= 100m ‘Mass Lkg= 1000 ¢ Lg = 2.2046226 Ibm | metric ton = 1000.kg 4 Tom = 0.45359237" kg 1 ounce = 28.3495 g 1 short ton = 2000 lbma 24. SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT DIMENSION ‘METRIC ‘METRIC/ENGLISH Fower, TWeite TRY =3412.1¢ Buh heat wansferrate | 1 KW = 1000 W= 1.341 bp = 737.56 DoLts Lhp*= 745.78 {hp = 350 IbERis = 0.7068 Brus 42.41 Brvhain = 2544.5 Baw =0.745708W 1 boiler p= 33,475 Bats 1 Btwh= 10950568 4 ton of refrigeration = 200 Bruin Pressure 1 Pa= 1.4504 x 10% psis 1kPa= 10 Pa= 10? Mpa 0.020886 bon? ‘atm = 101.325 kPa = 1,01325 bars 1 poia = 144 [bff = 6.894757 kPa = 760 mig at 0°C ‘atm = 14.696 psia = 29.92 in Hg at 30 F 03323 Kefem* LinFig= 3.387 kPa 1 momlig = 0.1333 kPa Spesific heat Lkikg C= 1g K 1 Brafbm. F= 4.1868 kidkg."C = 1 Bhwvtomnol R = 4.1868 kiemol.K 1 kDkg, C= 0.23885 Brulbm. F 0.23885 Bulb Spesifie volume mig = 1000 Likg 1Lm’fkg = 16.02 fam, = 1000 car's, 1 iba = 0.062828 ake ‘Temperature TK)=1¢C) + 273.15 TiR)= T(E) 459.67 = 187K) ATR) = AT(O)= TCR) =18 (0) +32 ATC) =aT@)= 18" ATR) ‘Thermal 1 Waa'C=1 Wink 1 Win,C= 0,57782 Brwh fF conductivity ‘Thermal resistance | 1°CAV=1 KAW LKW #052750 FB Velocity A mvs = 3,60 kev Amis = 3.2028 fs = 2.237 mi 1 mith = 1.46667 fs Amih= 1.609 km’ Viscosity, dynamic | 1kgims=1Ne'm?=1 Pas 10poise | 1 kgims= 2419.1 befth 020886 Ibfs'f = 5.8016 x 10*IbEb/A? Viscosity, kinematic ‘Volume 0% cass Lemis=10*ms i mis= Lstoke= 1m’ = 10001 = 10% em’ (ec) 1m? = 6.1024 x 10* in’ = 35.315 a = 264.17 al WS) 1 US. gallon 231 i? 53.7854 1 fl ounce = 29.5735 cm? = 0.0295735 L 1U'S. gallon = 128 fl ounces -25- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT TLE: Saturated watet—Temperature table Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthaloy, nite athe. Akg ‘Sat. Set. Set. ‘Sot. ‘Sat. ‘Set, ‘Sat. Sat. Temp., press. liquid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, TC Py kPa y % Y & y 4 ty O&O OG O67 OMIOB amm OOD aa sao om asm zeoba oop osm alse 5 08725 001000 147.02 «ALI 4608 D9BL8 21.020 2489.1 2610.1 00763 9487 9.0249 10 1.2281 0.001000 1632 20a 79866 22887 an022 2472 26192 0.1511 A7éBR 8.009 15 17057 0.001001 7.885 6298 23325 23055 62982 24654 26283 02245 &BSEO 8.7802 2 23902 ooo|oee 57.762 —«B.9I3 TAIRA 2402.3 HOLE 2459.5 597A 2065 8.3606 86661 2 41608 0.001003 43.940 10483 7D 2401 1046 —24LI.T 25465 03672 8.1805 8.5567 30 42469 0.001004 32879 125.78 72902 24159 125.7 2208 25558 0368 BO1E2 8.4620 38 546201 0.001005 25205 145.83 27S] 24227 466A 24179 25648 OS05L 7.8166 82617 40 7.3851 0.001008 10515 16753 Bs19 2404 16753 24060 25735 OS72A 76892 82555 45 95063 0.001010 16.251 e843 7247.7 2496.1 ARAM 79040 582A OBS 7.5247 8.1633 50 12362 0.001012 12026 20933 7334 2H427 DOD 79820 D513 O7OBB TATIO BONES 55 16.763 O.0010IG 9.5690 23024 710.1 24493 24026” 7369.8 2600) 0.768) 72218 7.9908 60 19947 0.001017 7.6670 251.16 22047 2455.9 251.18 7357.7 26088 08913 7.0760 7.9082 55 25083 9.001000 .1995 27209 2100.3 24624 272.12 72K5.A 26178 08N7 6.9360 7.2205 7 — 31.202 0.001002 50306 © 203.04 21758 24649 29307 79930 26261 0861 6.7080 7.7540 75 — 30597 © 0.001006 4.1201 91399 21613 24753 31409 73206 2694S 10158 6.6655 7.6812 80 7416 0.001020 3.4052 23497 71466 2481.6 33502 73080 26430 10755 6.5355 7611) 85 S786B O.00I0I © 2.8061 256.96 D119 2487S 35602 22053 261A 11345 6.4080 7.5495 90 708s 0.001095 2.3809 376.97 2117.0 2400 770A 7282.5 26596 11929 6.2853 7.4782 9 — 1.609 0.001040 1.9808 398.00 21020 2600.1 3080 22606 26676 12604 6.1647 7.418) 100 10142 0.001043 1.6720 419.06 20870 2506.0 A10.7 2086. 26756 13072 6.0470 73542 105 120.90 0.001047 1.4185 © 440.15 20718 25LL9 44028 2043.1 26894 13624 5.9319 72952 110 14238 O.001082 ©. 461.27 2056.4 Z5I7-T A6LA2 2270.7 26011 1418 58193 72382 118 160.18 0.001086 1.0260 48242 20409 25233 48259 22160 26086 14737 5.7002 7.1800 120 19867 © 0.001060 O.801za 50360 2025.3 25289 5038 20021 27060 1.8079 S013 7.1202 125 23229 0.001065 0.77012 52483 20005 25943 52507 21881 27131 1.6816 5.4966 7.0771 130 27028 © 0.001070 0.66808 546.10 1092.4 25905 54628 21737 2720.1 16445 5.2010 7.0065 135 31822 © .001075 08817 567.41 10773 254A) 567.7% 2160.1 27269 16872 52001 69773 140 361.53 0.001080 0.50850 58877 19609 25406 58916 21449 27395 1.7992 5.1901 6.9204 15 41568 0.001085 0.4460) 610.19 19MM 2 25544 S106 21292 27318 1.7008 50919 68827 150 476.16 O.001001 0.30248 631,66 1927.4 2560.1 63218 21138 27459 18418 4.9963 64971 155 5149 0.001006 O.4U6M8 653.19 19103 25635 65379 20080 27518 18024 49002 6.7027 160 61823 O.001I02 © 0.30680 67479 1800 2567.8 S75A7 20820 Z7ETS 19425 £8066 6.7492 165 700.03 O.001108 0.27284 695.45 1B75.L 25/19 $072 20656 27628 19023 47143 6.067 170 792.18 001114 0.24260 71820 18575 2575.7 71908 20488 2767.9 20417 £6293 6.5650 175 99260 0.001121 0.21659 740.02 18994 25704 7ALO2 2001.7 2772.7 20905 45395 6.6242 18 10028 .001127 0.1098 761.92 18209 25828 76305 20142 2772 21302 LAdAR 6.5841 185 11225 © O.001134 017300 78391 1802.1 25850 78519 19962 27814 21875 43672 6.547 190 12552 L001 0.18626 806.00 1788.0 2560.0 80743 1979 27853 22365 42705 6.5059 195 13088 0.001149 0.14089 RIB 17696 2501.7 9073 10500 278R8 22891 41847 6.1678 200 1564.9 © — OODLE 272i 85046 1743.7 25042 5225 19308 27020 22205 4.0007 6.4302 26- SULIT(BMMD 2313) Speci vue, nema enoey, Entaip, Entopy, kg eg. kg Mg K Sat. Sat. Sat. ‘Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat, Sat. Sat. Temp. pross., liquid, vapor, liqui¢, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap,, vapor, Te Pals yyy 205 «(1724.3 0.001164 0.11608 872.86 17235 25964 874.87 19200 27948 2.3776 40154 6.3930 210 1907.7 0.001173 010429 895.38 1702 25983 89751 18087 27973 22S 39818 6.3563 215 2105.9 0.001181 0.094680 918.02 1681.9 2599.9 920.50 18788 27993 24712 3.8489 6.3200 220 23196 0.001190 0.086084 $40.79 16605 2601.3 94355 1867.4 2801.0 25176 37664 62840 225 WA07 0.001199 0.TRI0S 963.70 163R6 25023 966.76 18354 28002 25539 368A 6.289 230 © 2797.1 0.001209 0.071505 986.76 1616.1 2602.9 990.14 18128 28029 26100 3.6028 6.2128 235 = 30626 0.001219 0.065300 1010.0 1593.2 2603.2 1013.7 1785 2803.2 2.6560 3.5216 6.1775 240 «3347.0 0.001229 0.059707 10334 1569.8 2603.1 1037.5 17655 28080 27018 34405 6.1424 245 = 651.2 0.001240 0.054656 1056.9 1545.7 2602.7 1061.5 17408 2802.2 2.7476 3.3596 6.1072 28) 59762 0.001252 0.050085 1080.7 18211 2601.8 10857 17153 2801.0 27933 32788 60721 285 43209 0.001268 015941 11047 14958 26005 11101 1680 27901 28390 3.1979 60369 260 «46923 0.001276 0.042175 11288 1469.9 2598.7 11348 1661.8 27966 28H47 3.1169 6.0017 265 50853 0.001289 0.038748 11683 14482 25955 11598 16337 27985 29304 30388 59662 2) $6090 0.01303. 0035522 11729 A157 25937 1185.1 16046 27897 29762 2.9542 5.9305 275 BGA 0.00817 0032767 12029 1387.4 25003 12107 18745 278G2 30221 28723 8A 280 © GAL6.6 0.001933 0.030153 1228.2 13582 25864 12367 1543.2 27799 30681 2.7898 5.8579 285 BIAS 0.001349 0.027756 1263.7 1328.1 2581.8 1263.1 1610.7 27737 abd 2.7066 5.8210 290 TAALB 0.001366 0.025554 1279.7 1295.9 2576.5 12898 14769 2766.7 3.3608 2.6225 5.7834 295 79980 0.001384 0023528 12060 12645 25705 13171 éL6 27587 32076 25274 57460 300 8587.9 0.001404 0.021659 1332.7 1280,9 2563.6 1344.8 14048 27496 3.2548 24511 5.7059 305 = 9209. 0.001425 0.019932 1360.0 1195.9 2555.8 1373.1 19663 27394 3.3024 23633 5.6657 BID 9855.0 0.001447 0.018333 1387.7 1159.3 2507.1 14020 13259 27279 3.3506 2.2737 5.6243 B15 10,556 0.001472 0.016849 1416.1 1121.1 2637.2 14316 1283.4 27150 3.3094 2.1821 5.5816 32D 11,284 0.001499 0.015470 1445.1 1080.9 2526.0 1462.0 12385 27006 34491 2.0881 5.5372 32512051 0.001528 0.014183 1475.0 1088.5 25134 14934 1191.0 26843 3.4998 1,99]1 5.4908 330 12858 0.001560 0.012979 1605.7 993.5 2499.2 1526.8 11403 2666.0 3.5516 1.8006 5.4422 335 13,707 0.001597 O.011848 1537.5 M5.5 2483.0 1559-4 1086.0 26454 3.6060 1.7867 5.3907 340 14,601 0.001638 0.010783 1570.7 893.8 2464.5 1594.6 10274 26220 3.6602 1.6756 5.3358 345 15541 0.001685 0.009772 1606.5 837.7 2443.2 1631.7 963.4 2595.1 3.7179 1.5585 5.2765 350 16529 001741 0.008806 16424 75.9 2N183 1671.2 892.7 25689 3.7788 14326 5.2114 355 17,570 0.001808 0.007872 16822 705.4 23886 1714.0 8129 2526.9 3.8442 1.2942 5.1384 360 18,666 0.001895 0.006950 1726.2 625.7 23519 1761.5 7201 2481.6 3.9165 1.1373 5.0537 365 (19822 0.002015 0.006009 1777.2 526.4 23036 1817.2 6055 24227 4.0004 0.9489 4.9493 370 21044 = 0.002217 0.004953 1844.5 985.6 22301 1891.2 443.1 2334.3 4.1119 0.6890 4.8009 373.95 22,064 0.008106 0.003106 2015.7 0 2015.7 2084.3 0 20843 4.4070 0 44070 2 SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT Saturated water—Pressure table Specific valume, Intemel onerey, Enthaloy, még kg he Sat Sat. Sat, Sat Sat Sat. Sot. Sat. Press,, temp., liguid, vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Evap., vapor, liquid, Pha TueC_ % a a ee a 1.0 6.97 0001000 12.19 28,302 2365.2 2384.5 29.303 24844 2513.7 0.1059 8.8590 8.9749 15 1202 O.oo1001 7.964 54.685 2328.1 23928 $4.68 2470.1 25247 0.1956 8.6914 88270 20 17.50 0.001001 $6990 73431 2325.5 23089 73.433 24835 25328 0.2606 8.4621 8.7277 25 21.08 0.001002 54.242 8422 2315.4 24038 BBA 2451.0 25994 0.3118 8.3302 86421 30 24.08 0.001003 45654 10098 23059 24079 100.98 24439 2544.8 0.3543 8.2722 85765 49 2896 0.001004 34,791 121.39 2293.1 24145 121.39 24323 25537 0.4224 80510 8.4734 5.0 3287 0.001005 28185 137.75 2282.1 24198 137.75 24230 2560.7 0.4762 7.9176 8.3936 75 40.29 0.001008 19233 16874 2261.1 24298 168.75 24053 25740 0.5763 7.6738 8.2501 10 4581 0.001010 14670 191.79 2246-4 2437.2 191.81 29921 26839 0.5492 7.4996 8.1486 18 8397 OOD1O14 10020 22593 2222.1 2448.0 225.94 2572.3 2558.3 0.7549 7.2522 8.0071 20 60.05 001017 7.6481 25140 22046 24560 261.42 23575 26089 0.8320 7.0752 7.5073 25 — 64.96 0.901020 62034 27193 21904 24624 271.98 23455 2617.5 0.8992 6.9370 78302 30 68.09 0.001022 52287 28924 2178.5 2467.7 289.27 2335.3 26246 0.9441 6.8234 7.7675 40 7586 0.001026 39993 317,58 21588 24763 317.62 2318.4 2636.1 1.0261 6.6430 7.6691 50 8132 O.0N1030 3.2403 34049 21427 2483.2 340,54 23047 2645.2 1.0912 6.5019 7.5931 75 91.76 0.001037 2.2172 38436 21118 2495.1 386.44 22780 26624 1.2132 6.2426 7.4558 300 9961 0.001043 1.6941 417.40 2088.2 25056 417.51 22575 2675.0 1.3028 6.0562 7.3569 101.325 9997 0.001083 16734 41895 2087.0 25050 419.05 2255.5 26756 13069 6.0475 7.3546 125 105.97 G.OOLO4B 1.3750 444,23 20688 25130 444,36 2240.8 26649 1.3741 59100 7.2841 150 111.35 0.001053 1.1994 46697 2052.3 25192 467.13 2226.0 2653.1 14337 5.7894 7.2231 175 116.04 0.001057 1.0037 49682 2037.7 25245 487.01 22131 27002 1.4850 5.6865 7.1716 200 120,21 0.001061 0188678 £0450 2024.6 2529.1 504.71 2001.6 2706.3 1.5902 5.5968 7.1270 225 12387 0.001064 0.79329 52047 20127 2533.2 20.71 2191.0 2711.7 1.5706 55171 7.0877 260 127.41 O.0DL067 071873 59508 2001.8 25368 535.35 21812 27165 1.6072 54453 7.0525 275 130.58 0.001070 0.65732 54857 1991.6 2540.1 548.85 21720 27209 1.6408 5.3900 7.0207 300 13352 0.001073 0.60582 S6L11 19621 2543.2 56143 21635 27249 1.6717 53200 69917 325 136.27 0.001075 0.56199 572.84 1973.1 25459 573.19 21554 2728.6 1.7005 52645 69650 360 138.86 O.00L079 0.52422 589.89 19646 25485 584.25 2147.7 27320 1.7274 52128 69402 375 141.30 0.001081 049133 $94.32 19566 25509 $94.73 21404 2735.1 1.7526 5.1645 69171 40014361 O.0DLOB4 0.46242 60422 1948.9 2553.1 604.66 21334 2738.1 1.7765 51191 68955 450 147.90 0.001088 041392 622.65 19345 2557.1 623.14 71203 2743.4 1.8205 5.0356 6.8561 00 151.83 0.001093 0.37483 629.54 1921.2 2560.7 640.09 21080 2748.1 1.8604 4.9503 6.8207 550 185.46 0.001097 034261 655.16 19088 25639 655.77 2036.6 2752.4 1.8570 48916 6.7886 600 158.82 9.001101 0.31560 669.72 1897.1 25658 670.38 20858 2756.2 1.9208 4.8286 6.7593, 660 161.98 O.001104 025260 683.37 1886.1 25694 684.08 20755 2759.6 1.9623 4.7699 6.7322 700 164.95 0.001108 027278 696.23 18756 2571.8 697.00 20558 2762.8 1.9918 4.7159 67071 780 167.75 O.ODLILL 025652 70840 1865.6 25740 709.24 20564 2765.7 2.0195 4.6542 6.6837 -28- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT sparen arn ; 5 é ie is Sse Saturated water—Pressure table (Conctuded) Specific volume, Internal energy, Enthaloy, Entropy, hg wu whe. i Sat. Sat. Sat. ‘Sat Set. Sat. Sat, Sat. Sat. Presn, temp, lind, var, ‘eu, Evan, vepe, ud, Evap, vanar, liquid, tap, van Pia Tat 4 4 wy hh % 4 & 4% 200 17041 OOOLLIS 022098 71097 18561 25760 72087 20675 27683 20457 4616) 6.6816 850 17284 0.001118 0.22650 731.00 1846.9 2577.9 731.95 2038.8 2770.8 2.0705 4.5705 6.6409 900 17535 GoUli2i O2e9 74155 teal 25796 74256 20305 2730 209M. 48273 66213 950 177.66 0.001124 0.20411 751.67 18296 2681.3 752.74 20224 2775.2 2.1166 44862 6.6027 1000 17988 001127 0.19436 76139 l8zi4 25828 76251 20145 2777.1 2.1381 4447D 6.5350 1100 18806 0001123 0.17745 779.78 18087 2585.5 781.02 19005 7780.7 2.1785 43735 6.5520 1200 18796 001138 0.16326 79696 17909 2587.8 798.33 19854 27838 22159 45058 6.5217 1900 19160 OoDll44 015129 613.10 17768 25899 81469 19719 278655 22508 42128 6.935 1400 195.04 0.001149 0.14078 828.35 1763.4 2591.8 829.96 1958.9 2788.9 2.2835 4.1840 6.4675 1600 19829 G.OOLIS4 13171 e4282 17506 26894 BASS 19464 2791.0 23143 4.1287 6.4430 1750 20572 QOOLI6G OL1344 67612 17206 26967 7816 917.1 27952 2.984h 40033 63577 2000 21238 GOOLI77 009957 906.12 16980 2569.1 W847 18698 27983 2.4467 38903 63300 2250 2181 001187 0.088717 $9954 1667.3 26009 $26.21 18643 26005 25020 3.7925 6.2954 2500 22395 001197 0.079952 95887 16432 26021 961.87 1840.1 2801.9 255%2 37016 6.2558 3000 23385 001217 1066667 10045 16985 2603.2 10083 17949 28082 26484 35402 6.1855 3500 242.56 0.001235 0.057061 1045.4 1557.6 2603.0 1049.7 1753.0 28027 2.7263 3.3991 6.1244 4000 25035 0.001252 0.049779 10824 15193 26017 10874 17135 2608 27966 32731 6.0596 S000 26394 0.001286 030448 1148.1 I44a9 2697.0 11645 16387 27942 29207 205% 59737 6000 27589 001819 OGaza49 12053 13841 7889.9 12138 19709 27846 3.0275 28627 SANZ . 7000 28583 0.001382 0027278 12880 13280 2681.0 12575 18052 27726 3.1220 26927 "5.8148 2000 29501 0.001384 0.023525 12060 12645 25705 13171 14418 27587 3.2077 25373 5.7450 9000 30835 O.0014I8 OGrOAE 13809 12076 2588.5 13837 13703 27429 3.2865 2.9825 ETO 10,000 311.00 0.001452 0.018028 1393.3 1151.8 2645.2 1407.8 1317.5 2725.5 3.2603 2.2656 5.6159 11/000 31806 O.00148s OOIESEE 14339 10966 76304 14502 1286.1 77083 3790 2.1205 5.5564 123000 32448 001826 0.014264 14730 10413 26143 1491.3 11941 2685.4 3.4966 19975 6.4999, 13,000 33085 0.001566 0.012761 1511.0 965.5 2496.6 1531.4 1131.3 26627 3.5606 1.8730 5.4336 14000 22667 0.001610 0011487 18484 9287 24771 15710 10670 26979 3ezze 17487 6.3728 15000 4216 001657 0010941 18855 8703 2485.7 16103 10005 26108 3.6808 16261 5.3108, 16000 34736 001710 0009312 16225 OBE 24820 16499 $31.1. 7581.0 3.7461 L5OC5 5.2456, 170000 35229 0.001770 0.008974 1660.2 7451 2405.4 16903 8674 2547.7 380E2 1.3709 5.1791 18,000 35689 0.001880 O.00750K 1699.1 6759 2375.0 17322 7778 25100 3872 1.2343 5.1064 191000 36147 001826 0.006677 17403 5909 2239.2 1768 680.2 2455.0 39305 1.0860 5.0256, 20,000 36575 0.002028 0.005862 17858 509.0 22948 18266 5855 24121 4.0145 O9I64 49510 234000 35983 0.002207 0.004908 18415 3OL9 2232.5 188EO ASDA 28IBA 41071 0.7005 48076 22,000 373.71 0.002703 0.003644 1961.7 1408 2092.4 2011.1 1615 21726 4.2942 0.2406 4.5439 2206 37295 003106 O.008I05 20157 0 «20187 20843 «0089 AAO OHA -29- SULIT(BMMD 2313) ee eer me eee ee eet teu a! so ming tang ike _kumgk | ing lng gk | mg ake i P= 0.01 NPa(45.81°C)" P's 0.05 MPa (81.320) {P= 0,20 MPs (99.61%) set! 14670 2437.2 25639 side 3.2003 2405.2 26452 7.5951] LeBAl 25056 26750 7.3509 20 14867 24433 25920 1761 100 17.195 25155 26675 s4seo] 34187 25115 26824 7.6053] 1.6959 25052 26758 7.3611 160 19513 2587.8 27630 6893) 38807 2585.7 27602 79413| 19967 25629 27766 7.6149 200 21.826 2661.4 28736 |soug| 43562 26600 28778 a.1s92| 21724 26582 2875.5 7.8356 250 24136 2736.1 29775 sols] 4826 2795.1 29762 93668 | 24082 27339 2974.5 8.0945 300 26445 28123 30767 2877] 5.2861 2ail.6 30758 B.5387| 26389 28107 30745 82172 #00 31053 29693 32800 s.eov4| zone 2068.9 3279.3 sa6s9| 31077 29683 37786 E5482 500 35680 31329 24097 saose| 7.1398 31926 34893 9.1566 | 35655 3122 2488.7 88362 600 40.295 33033 37063 10.1631 90577 3503.1 37060 9201| 4.0279 39028 37056 9.0309 700 44911 3480.8 39289 10.4056] 88613 34605 39297 9.6625| 44900 S404 3975.4 9.3424 800 49.527 36554 41605 loesi2| 9.9087 3665.2 41604 888s| 4.9519 36650 41602 9.5682 900 54143 3866.9 43983 10.8470] 108290 3856.8 43982 10.1000| Sa137 38567 4358.0 9.7800 1000 56.758 4056.9 46428 110429] 11.7513 4085.2 4642.7 103000] S765 40650 4642.6 9.9800 1100 63.373 4260.0 4g938 11.2526] 126745 4259.9 45937 lo4ea7 | 6.2372 42598 4895.6 10.1698 1200 67.989 4470.9 si508 11.4132| 138977 e708 51507 106706 | 67988 44707 5180.6 10.3504 1300 72608 4687.6 S4134 115857 | 145209 4687.3 5413.3 10849 7.2605 4687.2 5413.3 10.5229, = 0.20 Wea(120.21°0) P 5.0.50 MPa (138,520) P = 0.40 MPa (14361°0) set, 088878 2529.1 270683 7.1270| 6082 26432 27249 69917 | OA6260 2863.1 2738.1 6.8955 180 0.95986 2577.1 2768.1 7.2810| 063402 2571.0 2761.2 7.0792 | 04708825644 27528 6.9305 200 108049 2654.6 2870.7 7.5081] o.7I642 2651.0 28659 7.3132| 03434 26472 2860.9 7.1723 250 1.19800 2731.4 2971.2 7.7100] 0.79648 2726.9 2967.9 7.5160 | 05962027264 2961.5 7.3808 200 131623 28088 30721 7.9041] 087585 2807.0 3069.6 7.7037 | 0.65489 2805.1 3067.1 7.5577 400 1.58934 2967.2 3279 0.2235] 103168 29660 32755 B.0347| 0.7725829649 3273.9 7.9003 500 L7id2 3131.4 2487.7 esis] 18672 3190.6 3486.6 8.3271] 08809631298 34855 8.1933 600 201302 3202.2 37048 8.793] 134339 3901.6 37040 8.5615 | 1.00658 3301.0 3703 8.4580 70 224434 3479.9 30288 .0221| 149680 3475.5 39282 98345 | 11215234790 39276 8.7012 800 2.47550 41588 9.2479] Les004 36643 41593 90605| 12973036089 «1589 8.9274 900 270856 4397.7 9.4598] 180417 36560 4397.3 92725 | 1362083855.7 43969 9.1394 1000. 293756 4542.3 916599] 1.98824 064.5 46420 9.4726 | 146859 4051.3 4641.7 913395 1100 3.16848 43933 9.8is7| 211226 4750.4 4893.1 946624 | LseMi4 42502 48929 915295, 1200 3.30938 5150.4 rooso4] 226624 4470.3 51802 9.6431| 1.€0966 44702 5150.0 9.7102 1300 3.63026 543.1 102009] 247019 46869 54130 100367 | 18151646867 54128 9.828 P= 0,20 Pa (151 99°0) P = 060 Wa (158,830) P = 0.80 Wa (170.4%), Set, 037483 25607 27481 68207| 031660 25668 2756.2 6.7558| 0.24085 25760 2768.3 6.6616 200 0.42603 2643.3 2855.8 7.0610] ogselz 2639.4 28806 6.9683 | 026008 2693.1 26298 6.8177 250 0.47443 27238 2961.0 7.2725] 0.38390 2721.2 29676 7.1693| 028321 27159 29504 7.0402 300 052261 28033 30546 7.0614 OMs4a2 201.4 30620 73740| 0.32816 2797.5 3086.9 7.2365 360 O57015 28830 31681 7.6346] O474z0 2861.6 3166.1 7.5481} 0.35462 28785 31622 7.8107 400 051721 29687 32724 7.7956] 051374 29625 32708 7.7097 | 0.3842929602 2267.7 75735 500 71095 31290 34845 8.0883] ossz00 31262 34824 s.coei| 04439231266 34813 7.8692 600 aaotos 3400.4 37025 8.3514] 0.66976 32998 37017 87695 | 080186 32967 37001 8.1354 700 099696 34786 39270 8.5978] 074725 34781 39264 85132| 055011 3477.2 30253 837% 800 098065 2665.5 8158.4 8.8240] 082457 3663.2 4157.9 87205 | 06182096625 4157.0 8.5051 900 1.08227 25554 23956 9.0362] 090179 3855.1 4396.2 S9618| 06761939545 43955 88185 1000 1.17480 40540 454.4 92366] 0.97099 40538 45421 9.1621| 0.73411 40533 46405 90169 3100 1.26728 4259.0 48526 9.4263] 1.05603 4258.8 4892.4 9.3420) 0.79197 42583 4891.9 9.2050 1200 136972 44700 stage aso7i| 113309 e695 S14z6 9.5229 | o8dsE0 4u60.4 51093 9.3808 1300 145214 46666 54126 9.7797] 1.21012 4686.4 54125 26055) 0.90761 46951 54122 915625 -30- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT Ss pera AN nme ae Supernaated wator (Continved) Tov uoohsos vou hs v uo os SC ming king Kg K | mivag ig king K [ming gk KK 00 NPa (178.88) P= 1.20 MPa (187,96) = 1.40 MPa (195 08°) Sa, 019437 25828 2777.1 6.5850 [o16a6 2587.8 27838 65717 [0.1407 25018 27089 6.4675 200 0.20602 2622.3 2828.3 6.6955 | 0.16534 26129 2816.1 6.5909 [0.14303 26027 2909.0 6.4975 250 0.23275 27104 2943.1 6.9265 /o.19281 2704.7 2935.6 68313 [0.16956 26989 29279 6.7488 300 0.25799 2793.7 3051.6 7.1245 |0.21386 2789.7 3046.3 7.0335 [0.18233 2785.7 3040.9 6.9553 350 0.28250 28757 31582 7.3029 |0.23455 2672.7 3184.2 7.2139 [0.20029 2869.7 3150.1 7.1379 400 0.30661 2957.9 3264.5 7.4670 0.25482 2055.5 3261.3 7.3793 [0.21762 2953.1 3258.1 7.3046 $00 O.35411 31250 3470.1 7.7642 |0.20464 3123.4 3477.0 7.679 lozs216 31218 34748 7.6047 600 OMOILL 32975 36986 6.0311 /.39305 9796.3 3697.0 7.9656 [0.28597 3295.1 36955 7.8730 700 0.44783 34763 3924.1 8.2755 0.37297 3675.3 39229 B1904 [0.31951 34744 39217 B16 800 0.40438 36617 41561 9.5024 [o4rI94 3661.0 4155.2 84176 [0.95288 36603 41583 8.3468 900 O.S4083 39529 42042 8.7150 /0.45059 9852.9 42940 2.6203 [o.zBsl4 39527 43933 8.5587 1000 058721 40527 4640.0 9155 |o49s2s 4052.2 4639.4 B8s10 [0.41939 4051.7 45988 8.7695 1100 0.83354 42579 4ai4 9.1057 [082792 4267.5 4991.0 90212 |0.A6247 4257.0 49905 8.9497 1200 0167983 44690 51489 9.2066 |a.ss652 4268.7 5148s 9.2022 |otesse 4460.2 5148.1 9.1208 1900 0.72610 4686.8 5411.9 9.4593 |0.60509 4685.5 5411.6 93750 [0.51866 4685.1 6411.9 919036 P= 1.60 MPa (201.37) = 1.80 MPa (207.11%) = 2.00 MPa (212.38%0) Set 0.12874 26048 2792.8 6.4200 [011037 2597.3 27959 63775] 0.09989 2099.1 7198.3 6.5390 225 0.13293 2645.1 2857.8 65597 |0.11678 2697.0 2847.2 64825) 0.10981 26285 2836.1 6.4160 250 0.14199 2692.9 2819.9 66753 |o.12502 2696.7 29117 66088) 0.11150 26803 2003.3 65475 500 0.15865 2781.6 30354 s.xa6e [014025 27774 30299 68246) 0.12551 7713.2 30742 6.7684 350 0.17459 28666 3146.0 7.0713 |0.16460 29536 31419 7.0120) 0.19860 2860.5 2137.7 6.9503 400 0119007 20608 32549 7.2364 |o.16849 29485 32516 7.1814) O.lslz2 29459 32484 7.1202 500 0.22029 3120.1 2472.6 75410 [019561 31185 34704 7.4845| 0.17563 31169 3468.3 7.4387 600 024999 3299.9 3603.9 7.8101 |0.22200 32927 3692.3 7.7643) 0.19962 22015 3690.7 7.7043 700 O.279AL 3473.5 39205 8.0868 |o.zaaz2 34726 3019.4 8.0008] 0.22326 34717 3918.2 7.9509 800 0.30865 36555 41534 a.2824 |o.z7426 36588 41524 8.2284) 0.24674 3658.0 4151.5 8.1701 900 033780 3862.1 4962.6 4965 |0.2000 SAS1.5 49919 84417) 027012 38509 43611 0.3925 000 0.36687 4051.2 4635.2 8.6974 10.2606 4050.7 4637.5 8.6427| 0.29342 40502 4657.1 85936 1100 0.29589 42566 48900 seve |o.3sies 4256.2 49895 8.8331) 0.21667 42557 48891 8.7842 1200 ogdee 4467.9 5147.7 9.0689 |0:37765 5147.3. 9.0143] 0.39989 4467.2 5147.0 89654 1300 0.45983 46048 410.9 9.2418 |0.40341 54106 9.1872) 0.36308 46842 5410.3 9.1984 P= 2,50 MPa (223.96) P = 3.00 MPa (233.86°°) P= 3.50 MPs (202.56%) Sat, 0.07995 2602.1 2801.9 6.2558 |o.05667 25032 20032 6.1856] 0.05706 26020 2802.7 6.1244 225 0.08026 2604.8 2805.5 6.2679 250 0.08705 2663.3 2880.9 6.4107 |0.07063 2644.7 28865 6.2893] 0.05876 26240 2879.7 6.1764 300 0.09894 2762.2 3009.6 6.6459 [0.09118 27508 29943 6.5412) O.05e45 27388 2976.4 6.48 350 0.10979 2862.6 3127.0 6.8424 |0.00055 2644.4 3116.1 6.7450] 0.07680 2896.0 3104.9 6.6601 400 0.12012 2939.8 3240.1 7.0170 |o.09998 2938.6 3231.7 6.9235] O.08456 2927.2 3223.2 6.8428 480 0113015 30262 2361.6 7.1768 [0.10769 2021.2 33449 7.0886) O.09198 30161 2836.1 7.0074 500 0.13999 31128 34628 7.3284 |011620 31086 34872 7.2359| 0.09919 31045 3451.7 7.1893, 600 0.15931 32885 36868 7.6979 [0.13246 32955 36828 7.5103) 0.11325 3282.5 3678.9 7.4367 700 0.17835 3469.3 39152 7.8455 [0.14841 3467.0 3912.2 7.7590| 0.12702 3464.7 2009.3 7.6855 00 019722 3656.2 4149.2 8.0744 [0.16420 3654.5 41469 7.9885] 0.14061 36525 4148.5 7.9156 900 0.21597 3849.4 4389.3 8.2882 |0.17088 28479 43875 8.2028| O.15410 3e46.4 4385.7 8.1308 1000 0.23465 4040.0 4695.6 8.4897 0.19549 4047.7 46342 84045] O.LG7SI 4046.4 4632.7 8.3324 1100 0.25330 4264.7 4897.9 8.6804 0.21105 42536 49857 8.5955] 0.18087 4262.5 4685.5 8.5236 3200 0.27190 44663 5146.0 B8618 [0.22858 4465.3 5145.1 8.7771| 0.19420 4464.4 5144.1 8.7053 1200 0.29068 45834 5409.5 90249 |024207 4682.6 4088 .9502| 0.20780 a6s1.8 5406.0 88785 31. SULITae ae Suporheated water (Continued) sae (BMMD 2313) T © v uv n 3 me kik kik Kies 4 5 mig klik klik kg. Sek. 28 300 360 40 480 500 600 700 00 x00 1000 10 1200 130 Sat. 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 200 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 Sat. 325 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 000 1100 1200 P= 40 HPs 50.96%) Pm 45 MPa (257.440) P= 5.0 MPs (263,940) 0.08978 0.06461 0.05887 0.08647 007343 ‘0.08008 0.08644 0.09885 0411098 0.12292 013676 0.14653 0.15824 0.16992 18157 26017 26689 2726.2 28074 29208 3011.0 31003 32794 34624 36506 38448 A045, M2514 4463.5 48809 28008 2087.3 2961.7 30983 32145 33312 34460 36749 39063 41423 4363.9 46312 48844 51432 54072 6.0686 62312 6.3699 65943. 67714 6.9386 7.0922 7.3706 7.6214 7.8523 8.0675 2.2698 84612 8.6430 8.8164 0.08406 0.04733 05138 9.05842 0.08477 9.07076 ‘07652 0.08766 0.08860 0.10916 oang72 0.19020 4064 0.16103, 016140 2599.7 26514 2713.0 28186 aad 3008.8 3096.0 32764 2460.0 36488 3643.3 4983.9 42504 446255 4660.1 27380 2864.4 2948.2 3081.5 3205.7 38242 34404 36709 39033 41400 43621 46298 49832 5422 5406.5 6.0198 61429 6.2854 6.5153 67071 68770 7.0323 73127 7.5547 77982 sole 82144 8.4060 8.5880 87616 (0.03945 006144 10,0855 0.05197 (0.05784 0.06332 0.06858 0.07870 0.08852 0.09816 010769 01715 0.12665 0.13692 014527 2597.0 26823 2689.0 2809.5 29075 3000.8 3091.8 32733 24877 36469 3841.8 40426 42493 4615 46793 27942 53737 2839.5 6.0571 29257 6.2111 3069.3 6.4516 31967 6.6463, 3317.2 68210 343947 6.9781 36669 7.2608 3900.3 7.5196 AUST? 7.7458 43002 7.9619 4628.3 8.1648, 4882.1 8.3566, 5141.3 8.5308 5405.7 8.7124 B= 6.0 MPa (275,69%) P= 7.0 MPs (285.890) P 3.0 Ms (298,01°0) 0.03245 0.03619 0.04295 o.oara2 0.05217 0.05667 o.0g102 0.08627 (0.07355 (0.08165 0.08964 0.09756 0.10543 0.11326 azio7 2589.9 26684 27904 28937 23639 308341 31762 3267.2 34580 3643.2 38388 4040.1 A247. 44598 46717 2784S 2085.6 30639 31783. 33029 3428 35413 3668.8 3894.3 41381 48765 46254 4879.7 51394 5404. 5.8902 6.0703 6.3357 65432 67219 6.8826 7.0808 7.1683 74287 7.6582 7.8751 8.0786 82709 4534 6273 0027878 2661.0 0.029492 2683.5 0.035262 270.1 0.039958 2879.5 044187 2373.0 0.048167 20743 0.051965 3167.9 0.055665 3261.0 0.062860 3448.3 0.069855 3699.5 0.076760 3836.7 0.088573. 4087.5 090841 4248.0 9.097075 4457.9 0.108781. 4676.1 27726 2839.9 3016.9 31592 32883 Bella 35316 36506 3888.3 41285 43730 46225 4874 sls 54026 58148 5.9337 6.2305 6.4502 6.6353 68000 6.9507 7.9910 7.3487 7.5886 7.8014 8.0085 8.1982 8.3810 8.5551 0.023626 25705 10024279 25823 0.029975 27483 0.034348 28645 (0.038196 2967.8 0.041767 3065.4 0.045172 31605 0.048463 32647 0.054829 3443.6 ‘0.061011 3635.7 (0.067082 3832.7 (0.073079 4035.0 0.079025 4242.8 01084934 4456.1 (0.090817 4674.5 27587 5.7450 2786.5 5.7987 2988.1 6.1321, 31394 63658 3273.3 6.5579, 3390.5 6.7266 35218 6.8800 36424 7.0221, 3882.2 7.2822 41238 75185 43693 7.7372 46196 79419, 4875.0 8.1360 5195.5 83181 5401.0 8.4925 P= 9.0 MPs (303,350) P= 10.0 MPa (911.00), Px 125 MPa (327.81°0) 0.020489 2568.5, 0.023284 2647.6 0.025616 2725.0 10,029960 2848.2 0.033524 2956.3 (0.036793 3056.3, 0.038885 3153.0 0.042861 $248.4 0.045755 3343.4 o.048589 3438.8 0.054132 3682.0 0.059562 3829.6 0.054919 40924 o.070224 42407 0.075490 4454.2 0.080733 4672.9 27428 2087.1 2987.3 31188 3268.0 33674 35120 36841 37852 3876. 4192 4365.7 4616.7 48727 51336 5399.5 5.6791 58738 6.0380 6.2876 6.4872 6.6603 6.8164 6.9605 7.0954 7.2208 7.4606 7.6802 7.8855 ao7st 6.2625 84371 0.018028 25452 0019677 2611.6 0.022440 2699.6 0.026436 2833.1 029782 2944.5 0.032812 2047.0 0.038655 31454 0.038878 3242.0 0.041018 33380 0.043597 3434.0 0.048629 2628.2 0.053647 3626.5 0.058991 4029.9 0.068188 4238.5 00g7as8 44524 0072667 4671.3 255 2at03 2924.0 3087.5 3242.4 3375. 35020 3625.8 3748.1 3870.0 aus 43620 46138 48703 S13L7 53980 5.6159 5.7596 5.9460 62141 6.4219 6.5995 6.7585 6.9045 7.0408 7.1693 7.4085 7.8290 7.8349 3.0289 4.2125 33874 (0.013496 2505.6 0.016138 2624.9 0.020080 2789.6, (0.023019 2913.7 0.025630 3023.2 0.028083 3126.1 0.030305 3225.8 o.osza91 33241 0.034612 34220 0.038724 36188 0.042720 38189 0.046641 40235 0.050510 4233.1 0.058342 4447.7 0.058147 46673 25743 54638 28266 5.7130 3040.0 6.0433 3201.5 6.2749 3343.6 6.4651 34765 66317 36046 6.7028 3730.2 69227 3854.6 7.0540, 41028 7.2967 4352.9 7.5195 4605.5 7.7269 4864.5 7.9220 5127.0 8.1065, 5394.1 6.2819 -32- SULIT