The centroid and the centroidal moments of inertia for some common

geometries.
 Entrance and Exit Losses
Table of typical pipe wall roughness, ε value h = K v2/2g
Riveted Steel 1 ~ 10 mm
Concrete 0.3 ~ 3 mm
Entrance Losses Coefficients
Cast Iron 0.25 mm
Galvanised Iron 0.15 mm
Asphalted Cast Iron 0.12 mm
Mild Steel
0.045 mm
Wrought Iron
Drawn Tubing, Reentrant:
Brass, Lead, Glass, 0.0015 mm K=1
Commercial Steel

Sharp-edged:
K = 0.5

Rounded:
K0

Exit Losses Coefficient

K = 1 for all exit cases

-Characteristic Length of the Geometry-