SULIT 4 —— eRe = at Deb Jee ees UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR SEMESTER I FINAL EXAMINATION SEMESTER I SESI 2018/2019 SESSION 2018/2019 FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL DAN PEMBUATAN KOD KURSUS : BMMD 2313 COURSE CODE KURSUS : TERMO BENDALIR couRsE THERMO FLUID PENYELARAS : NUR FARAH BAZILAH BINTI COORDINATOR WAKBI ANUAR PROGRAM : 2. BMMP,2 BMMD,2 BMMW PROGRAMME MASA : 2.15 PETANG - 4.45 PETANG TIME 215 PM-445 PM TEMPOH ¢ 2 JAM 30 MINIT DURATION 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES TARIKH 2 6 JANUARI 2019 DATE 6 JANUARY 2019 TEMPAT : BILIK KULIAH FTKMP 35-40 KT VENUE LECTURE ROOMS FIKMP 35-40 KT ‘ARAHAN KEPADA CALON INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. Jawab SEMUA soalan pada Seksyen A dan jawab DUA (2) soalan sahaja daripada TIGA (3) soalan pada Seksyen B. Answer ALL questions on Section A and answer TWO (2) question only out of THREE (3) questions on Section B. 2. Tuliskan semua jawapan anda di atas kertas jawapan yang disediakan. Write your answer on the answer sheet provided, 3. Setiap soalan hendaklah dijawab pada muka surat yang baru. All answers should be written in a new page KERTAS SOALAN INI TERDIRI DARIPADA (40)_MUKA SURAT SAHAJA (TERMASUK MUKA SURAT HADAPAN) THIS PAPER CONTAINS (40) PAGES INCLUDING FRONT PAGE(BMMD 2313) SULIT BAHAGIAN A SOALAN1 (@) Argon dalam jumlah 0.6 kg mengisi peranti silinder omboh 0.05 m° seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah S1(a) pada 550 kPa. Omboh kini dipindahkan dengan perubahan berat hingga jumlah dua kali saiz asalnya. Selama proses ini, suhu argon dikekalkan berterusan. (Pemalar gas, R untuk Argon adalah 0.2081 kJ/kg). Rajah $1(a): Silinder omboh @) _ Nyatakan persamaan keadaan gas-unggul untuk mempermudahkan perubahan ini, [4 markab] Gi) Kirakan tekanan akhir dalam peranti, dalam kPa. [6 markah] 2 SULIT(b) (BMMD 2313) SULIT Kitar udara-piawai dengan haba tentu boleh ubah dilakukan dalam sistem tertutup dan terdiri daripada empat proses seperti berikut: 1-2 Mampatan sentropik dari 100 kPa dan suhu 22°C hingga 600 kPa 2-3 Isipadu tetap bersama tambahan haba malar ke 1500K 3-4 Pengembangan sentropik ke 100 kPa 4-1. Tekanan tetap bersama tolakan haba malar ke keadaan awal () — Bangunkan kitar pada gambar rajah P-v dan gambar rajah T-s [4 markah) (ii) Kira kerja bersih keluaran setiap unit jisim. [8 markah] (iii) Tentukan kecekapan terma kitaran, (3 markah] (25 MARKAH] 3 SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT SOALAN2 (a) Satu plat berjarak 0.5 mm dari plat statik bergerak pada 0.25 m/s dan memerlukan daya per unit luas 2 Pa untuk mengekalkan kelajuannya, (@ —Tunjukkan gambarajah badan bebas. [2 markah] (ii) Kenalpasti kelikatan bahan yang terletak diantara kedua-dua plat. [4 markah] (iii) Apakah yang akan terjadi sekiranya kelikatan yang dipilih adalah lebih rendah dari yang diperolehi dalam Soalan 2(a)(ii)? [2 markah] 4 SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT () Viskometer berputar terdiri daripada dua silinder sepusat seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah S2(b). Satu silinder dalaman radius, R; berputar pada halaju angular «; dan silinder tetap luar dengan jejari dalaman, R., Pada sela kecil antara kedua-dua silinder terdapat cecair berkelikatan, . Panjang silinder adalah L.. L adalah besar di mana kesan akhir diabaikan, Daya kilas,T diperlukan untuk memutarkan silinder dalaman pada kelajuan malar, Cecair at Silinderberpatar dalaman Sinder tetap uae Rajah S2(b): Silinder berputar dalaman dan silinder tetap Iuar. () Tunjukkan ungkapan bagi daya kilas, T sebagai fungsi pembolehubah lain. [5 markah] (i) Anggapkan jejari silinder dalaman, R; adalah 0.0600 m, jejari silinder Iuar, Ro adalah 0.0602 m, kelikatan cecair, 4 adalah 0.799 kg/m.s, dan panjang, L viskometer adalah 1m. Kira tork dalam unit N.m. jika putaran adalah 100 rpm. [5 markah] (iii) Apakah yang akan terjadi kepada daya kilas,T di Soalan 2(b)(i) sekiranya nilai putaran meningkat kepada 400 rpm? Tunjukkan pengiraan dan terangkan bagaimana kesan ini mempengaruhi daya kilas, T. [7 markah} [25 MARKAH] “S- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT (@) Aliran berkelikatan (viscous flow) boleh diklasifikasikan kepada aliran lamina, peralihan dan juga gelora. Di dalam satu sistem aliran, diberi ketumpatan suatu bahan adalah berdasarkan 5.64 kg bagi 1 m®, Pada kelikatan 15.2 x 10° Pa.s, ianya bergerak pada kadar 25 m/s. ()__Ilustrasikan dan terangkan ketiga-tiga aliran dengan berbantukan gambarajah, masing-masing, [4 markah] (i) Sekiranya diameter dalaman paip tersebut adalah 100 mm, kira nombor Reynold dan tentukan jenis aliran dalam sistem tersebut, [6 markah] -6- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT (6) Air, p= 1000 ken? dan = 1 10° Pa.s, dipamkan di antara dua takungen pada kadar 0.015 m°/s melalui paip besi tuang panjang = 100 m dan diameter = 50 mm, dengan beberapa kehilangan kecil (minor), seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah $3(b). Injap separa terbuka > m= 50m Injap terbuka penuh Sesiku, 2 x 90° Masukan bueu tajam Rajah $3(b) :Sistem paip @) __Kenalpasti nombor Reynold aliran sistem tersebut dan jenis aliran; [5 markah] (ii) Analisis kehilangan kecil system. [5 markah] Gi) Kiraan kuasa yang diperlukan oleh pam. [5 markah] [25 markah] 7 SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT SOALAN 4 (@ Satu kilogram air mengisi 0.5146-m? alat silinder omboh seperti Rajah S4(a) pada suhu 350°C. Silinder omboh kini disejukkan sehingga suhunya adalah 100°C. Rajah S4(a): Silinder Omboh (i) Kenal pasti tekanan akhir air, dalam kPa, (6 markah] (i) Tunjukkan jumlah akhir isipadu peranti silinder omboh, dalam m°. (4 markah] 8. SULIT) (BMMD 2313) SULIT Sebuah rumah menggunakan pemeluwap pam haba kediaman seperti Rajah $4(b) di ‘mana bahan pendingin R-134a memasuki pemampat pada 800 kPa dan 35°C pada kadar 0.018 kg/s dan keluar pada 800 kPa bersama kualiti, kuasa sebnayak 1.2 KW, tentukan sifat-sifat berika = 0. Jika pemampat menggunakan Rajah $4(b): Pam haba kediaman (Kiran haba yang disingkirkan dalam pemeluwap, dalam kW. [3 markah] Gi) Sclesaikan pekali prestasi (COP) untuk pam haba. (3 markah] (iii) Kiraan kadar serapan haba daripada udara Iuar, dalam KW. (3 markah} (iv) Lakarkan komponen asas sistem penyejuken berdasarkan Soalan 4(b). (6 markah] [25 MARKAH] -9- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT SOALAN 5 (@) Wap dikembangkan dalam turbin seentropi seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah $5 (a) dengan salur masuk tunggal dan salur keluar tunggal. Di bahagian masuk, wapstim berada pada 2 MPa dan 360 °C. Tekanan wap di salur keluar ialah 100 kPa: 2MPa 360°C 100 kPa Rajah S5(a): Turbin seentropi @ Kiran entalpi pada salur masuk turbin, dalam kJ / kg. [2 markah] Gi) Selesaikan entalpi di salur keluar turbin, dalam kI / kg. [4 markah] Gi) Kiran kerja yang dihasitkan oleh turbin ini, dalam kJ / kg [4 markah] -10- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT (>) Pam mengalirkan air dari tangki simpanan melalui 8 cm paip keluli dengan halaju aliran adalah 2 m/s. Pam tersebut melepaskan air melalui paip berdiameter 3 cm ke tangki atas. Hujung paip pelepasan tersebut adalah 15 m di atas aras air dalam tangki simpanan seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah S5(b). Diberi p= 1000 kg/m? [al Rajah $5(b):Air mengalir dari tangki simpanan ke tangki atas. () Tika kecekapan pam adalah 60%, tentukan kuasa yang diperlukan pam. Anggap kehilangan geseran dalam sepanjang paip tersebut adalah 6 m. [9 markah] Gi) Kiran tekanan yang akan dihasilkan pam. [4 markah] (ii) Klasifikasiken niai kuasa yang yang hilang antara pam yang berada dalam keadaan ideal dan pam dari soalan Soalan 5(b)(j) di atas. [2 markah] [25 MARKAH] -SOALAN PEPERIKSAAN TAMAT- ole SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT PART A QUESTION 1 (a) Argon in the amount of 0.6 kg fills a 0.05 m? piston-cylinder device as shown in Figure QU (a) at 550 kPa. The piston is now moved by changing the weights until the volume is twice its original size. During this process, argon’s temperature is maintained constant. (The gas constant, R for argon is 0.2081 ki/kg.K). Argon 0.6 kg 0.05 m? 550 kPa Figure Q1(a): A piston-cylinder () Classify the ideal-gas equation to simplify the changing. [4 marks] (i) Calculate the final pressure in the device, in kPa. (6 marks] -12- SULIT(>) (BMMD 2313) SULIT ‘An air-standard cycle with variable specific heats is executed in a closed system and is composed of the following four processes: 1-2 Isentropic compression from 100 kPa and 22°C to 600 kPa 2-3 Constant- volume with heat addition to 1500K 3-4 Isentropic expansion to 100 kPa 4-1 Constant-pressure with heat rejection to initial state (Develop the eycle on P-v and T-s diagrams, [4 marks] Gi) Calculate the net work output per cycle per unit mass. [8 marks] (iii) Determine the cycle thermal efficiency. [3 marks] [25 MARKS] -13- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT QUESTION 2 @ A plate, 0.5 mm distance from a fixed plate, moves at 0.25 m/s and requires a force per ‘unit area of 2 Pa to maintain this speed. @ Show the free body diagram of plate. (2 marks] (ii) Identify the viscosity of the substance between the plates [4 marks] (iii) What will be happen if the selected viscosity is lower than the above calculated in Question 2 (a) (ii)? [2 marks} “4 SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT (b) A rotating viscometer consists of two concentric cylinders shown in Figure Q2(b). An inner cylinder of radius, Ri rotating at an angular velocity (rotation rate) a, and a stationary outer cylinder of inside radius, Ro. In the tiny gap between the two cylinders is the fluid of viscosity, wz. The length of the cylinders is LL is large such that end effects are negligible. Torque, T is required to rotate the inner cylinder at a constant speed. Liquid: 9 4 Rofating inmer cylinder Stationary/outer cylinder Figure Q2(b) : Rotating inner and stationary outer cylinders. (i) Show an expression for T as a function of other variables. [5 marks] Gi) Consider the inner cylinder radius, R; is 0.0600 m, the outer cylinder radius, Ro is 0.0602 m, the fluid viscosity, is 0.799 kg/m.s, and the length L of the viscometer is 1 m. Solve the torque in N.m if the rotations are 100 rpm. [5 marks] (iii) What would happen to the torque at Question 2(b)(li) if the rotation increases to 400 rpm? Show the calculation and explain the behavior. [7 marks] [25 MARKS] -15- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT PARTB QUESTION 3 (@) A viscous flow can be classified as a laminar, transition and turbulent flow. In a flow system, the density of a material is given as 5.64 kg for 1-m?. At the viscosity of 15.2 x 10* Pas, it moves at the rate of 25 m/s. (i) Mlustrate and describe the each flow,respectively. [4 marks] (i) Ifthe inner diameter of the pipe is 100 mm, calculate the Reynold number and identify the type of flow in the system. [6 marks] -16- SULIT() (BMMD 2313) SULIT Water, p= 1000 kg/m? and = 1 = 10° Pa.s, is pumped between two reservoirs at 0.015 m*/s through 100 m of $0-mm-diameter cast iron pipe and several minor losses, as shown in Figure Q3(b). Gate valve, Half-open m= 50m Globe valve, wide open Sharp-edged entrance Figure Q3(b): Piping system (i) Identify the Reynold number and the type of the flow; [5 marks] (i) Analyze the minor losses . [5 marks} (ii) Calculate the pumping power required. [5 marks] [25 MARKS] -17- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT QUESTION 4 (a) One kilogram of water fills a 0.5146-m? weighted piston-cylinder device as shown in Figure Q4(a) at a temperature of 350°C. The piston-cylinder is now cooled until its temperature is 100°C. 20 350°C lkg 0.1546 m? Figure Q4(a):Piston cylinder device (i) Determine the final pressure of water, in kPa. [6 marks] (ii) Show the final volume of piston-cylinder device, in m’, [4 marks] “8. SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT (6) The house using a residential heat pump as shown in Figure Q4(b) where reftigerant- 134a enters the condenser at 800 kPa and 35°C at a rate of 0.018 kg/s and leaves at 800 kPa with a quality, 0. If the compressor consumes 1.2 kW of power, determine the following properties; 60,000 kh Zs Figure Q4(b): Residential heat pump (@ Calculate the heat rejected in condenser, in kW. [3 marks] Gi) Solve the Coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump. [3 marks] (iii) Calculate the rate of heat absorption from the outside air, in kW. [3 marks] (iv) Build the basic components of a reftigeration system based on question Question4(). [6 marks} [25 MARKS] -19- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT QUESTION 5 (a) Steam is expanded in an isentropic turbine as shown in Figure Q5(a) with a single inlet and outlet. At the inlet, the steam is at 2 MPa and 360 °C. The steam pressure at the outlet is 100 kPa. 2 MPa 360°C 100 kPa Figure Q5(a): Isentropic turbine (@ Calculate the enthalpy at the inlet of turbine, in kI/kg. (2 marks} (ii) Solve the enthalpy at the outlet of turbine, in kJ/kg. [4 marks} (ii) Calculate the work produced by this turbine, in ki/kg, [4 marks} -20- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT (b) A pump draws water from a storage tank through 8 om steel pipe which the flow velocity is 2 nvs. The pump discharges the water through a 3 cm pipe to the overhead tank. The end of the discharge pipe is 15 m above the level of the water in the storage tank shown, in Figure QS5(b). Given p= 1000 kg/m* Storage tank Figure Q5(b): Water flows from storage to overhead tank. (i) If the pump efficiency is 60%, determine the power required by the pump. Assume the friction losses in the entire piping system are 6 m. [9 marks] Gi) Calculate the pressure that will be developed by the pump. [4 marks] (ii) Classify the value of power required losses between the ideal pump condition and the above Question 5(b)(i) pump. (2 marks] [25 MARKS] -END OF EXAMINATION QUESTION- -21- SULIT© Ideal gas law: (BMMD 2313) SULIT APPENDIX -Various formulas- ie M py aMkt © Universal gas constant ® = 8.3143 kW/iamol."K © Molecular weight: © Ride fn oh ee ‘© Losses in piping system: © Major head Toss: |p, 2M = 102.03 kgikmol 5 Ait :M= 28.97 kg/kimol ef a Sag |:O-W =m + S42, 2 2] afr 7 :] ‘+ The location of centroids for many common shapes: v y el pa, 4 z f lore ® \ re ea oa] A002 e..2 8°08 as t02 igo te Ae D heee ABN GeReaangie (Reiner (erento v y ma " anion = sito ie > ent Arata Mec OETA gant eng Cee (e)Saricele (Ounterrse © General dryness fraction: j= © Flow: V> a L © Pressure Loss: AP, =f Yave = Ye + XY pg ve 2 2- SULIT(BMMD 2313) SULIT Entrance and Exit Losses h=Kv2Qg Table of typical pipe wall roughness, e value Riveted Sted, i= 10m Entrance Losses Coefficients Conerete 03~3mm Cast Iron 0.25 mm Galvanised Iron 0.15 mm, | Asphalted Cast Iron __| 0.12 mm X = Mild Steel Wrought Iron 0.045 mm co i Reentrant: Drawn Tubing, K=4 Brass, Lead, Glass, 0.0015 mm Commercial Steel NI Losses in Pipe Fitting and Bends J—— 2 | Sharp-edged: next ras 2g = Approximate Loss Coefficients K for (“founda Commercial Pipe Fittings (SK Som) Rounded: ‘Type and position of fittings Values of K x0 Globe valve, | Wide open 16 — Gate valve, | Wide open 02 Exit Losses Coefficient Three-quarters 11s K= 1 for all exit cases open Half open 36 Quarter open 24 Pamp foot valve 1s 90° elbow (threaded) 09 45° elbow (threaded) 04 Side outlet of T junction 13 Characteristic Length of the Geometry- Rectangular duct: }}a Cirewlar tube: A(T D714) ap 79 Chanel: Square duet a “ = Sab a+b -23- SULIT(BMMD 2313) Conversion Factors DIMENSION METRIC ‘METRIC7ENGLISH Acceleration | {m/s = 100 emis? 1g? = 3.2808 fis? 1 fis'= 03088" mi Area 1am? =10' cm? = 10mm! 1m? = 1350: 0.764 # =10%km? 1 #? = 144 n= 0.08290308" m? Density 1 gem’ = 1 kgL = 1000 kg'm? 1 glen = 62.428 Tomy? = 0.036127 Ibua/in*® 1 Iomv/in® = 1728 Tounif? 1 kgf’ = 0.062428 Ibmit? Energy, heat, 1k} = 10005= 1000Nm=1 kPa’ 1 kJ = 0.94782 Bru ‘work, 1 kyékg = 1000 mis? 055056 KI Force Heat fas Beat generation rate Heat transfer coefficient Length Mass Aegis? = 10 dyne 80565 N 1 Wem? = 10! Win? 1 Wem? = 10° Wis? 1 Wim?'C=1 Wink 11 m= 100 m= 1000 mm 1m = 100m Lkg = 1000 ¢ | metric ton = 1000 bg 40395 psia ff’ = 778.169 Ibf 1 Bewibm = 25 037 fs? = 2.326" kikg 1 therm = 10° Btu = 1,055 x 10°) (atural g38) LIbf= 32.174 Tom its! = 4.44822N 1N= 0.20481 bf 1 Wha? = 03171 Bruwh? 1 Win? = 0.09665 Btufh ft? = 0.17612 Bh. F 39,370 in= 3.2808 f= 1.0926 yd 2 in= 0.3048" m 1 mile = 5280 fe= 1.6093 km Lin=254' em Lkg=2.2046226 Ibm 1 Tom = 0.45359237' kg, 1 ounce = 28.3495 g 1 shug = 32.174 Tom = 1 short ton = 2000 I 24. SULIT SULIT