CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS

PART I

SET 1 7. ---- how many windows I open, I can't get any

air movement in the house.
1. ---- I dislike sentimental films, sometimes,
A) Even if
when I'm not feeling very energetic, I can curl
up on the sofa and watch one. B) Although
C) No matter
A) As soon as
D) Whereas
B) Much as
E) However
C) The moment
D) However 8. We had better take a spare blanket with us ----
it gets cooler than we expect in the
E) Despite
mountains.
2. She is fed up with sharing a house with
A) if only
others; ----, she is looking for her own flat.
B) so that
A) moreover
C) thus
B) therefore
D) in case
C) however
E) even though
D) although
9. ---- they played better than they have so far in
E) nevertheless
the cup, they lost the match.
3. He is not leaving the company because he is
A) Despite
not happy there; ---- he has enjoyed working
there, but he has other reasons. B) No sooner
C) In contrast
A) on the other hand
D) However
B) as a result
E) Although
C) however
D) on the contrary 10. ---- television channel you watch, the news
bulletins are all the same, as if written by the
E) nonetheless
same person!
4. This diet and exercise plan is ---- costly ----
A) No matter
painful, so anyone with a little will-power can
follow it with ease. B) However
C) Whichever
A) not only / but also
D) As soon as
B) no matter / how
E) The more
C) so much / that
D) whether / or 11. ---- relieve some of the burden on the city's
only airport, they are planning to build a
E) neither / nor
second one.
5. ---- her illness leaving her very weak at times,
A) No matter
she tries to derive pleasure from life.
B) In case
A) Despite
C) In order to
B) Whereas
D) Even though
C) Although
E) Owing to
D) However
12. Our students have to choose to study ----
E) Instead of
French ---- Spanish, because they are the
6. She had ---- placed the plate of cakes on the compulsory languages selected by the board.
table ---- the children gave her the empty plate
A) such / as
and requested some more.
B) neither / nor
A) the moment / while
C) scarcely / and
B) hardly / when
D) whether / or
C) neither / nor
E) either / or
D) yet / still
E) not only / but also

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13. ---- we discuss the fine details, let me ask you
whether you are interested in our offer. 19. ---- does the International Students' Society
help foreign students settle in, ---- it organizes
A) However sightseeing trips as well.
B) Consequently A) So / that
C) Afterwards B) No sooner / than
D) In spite of C) Not only / but
E) Before D) Both / and
14. Western Scotland is wild and mountainous, E) Neither / nor
---- Eastern Scotland is lush farmland.
20. ---- 'Internet Cafes', students who can't afford
A) despite computers have access to the Internet and to
B) whereas e-mail.
C) as a result A) In order that
D) nevertheless B) Owing to
E) therefore C) Wherever
15. I don't see why the boys can't go fishing ---- D) Whereas
they promise to stay together and come back E) Whoever
before it gets dark.
21. Black bears don't usually attack humans. ----,
A) whereas they normally run away from us.
B) no matter A) On the contrary
C) whether B) On the other hand
D) as long as C) Furthermore
E) in spite of D) Consequently
16. ---- your mothers' efforts in making the E) Nevertheless
costumes, the whole cast of the play looked
great. 22. She has been looking much more
enthusiastic about the future ---- she accepted
A) Despite her new job.
B) However A) since
C) Thanks to B) until
D) As a result C) before
E) Much as D) when
17. He was ---- well liked ---- everybody in the firm E) by the time
gave generously towards his retirement
present. 23. ---- the renovation of their football stadium,
the team will be using another team's ground
A) so / that next season.
B) not only / and A) However
C) either / or B) While
D) neither / nor C) Due to
E) both / and D) Because
18. He was just ---- calm ---- anybody could be E) Whereas
under the circumstances.
24. The traffic into town usually gets a bit lighter
A) not only / but also ---- the schools have closed for the summer.
B) so / that A) in case
C) much / than B) so that
D) as / as C) while
E) neither / nor D) once
E) although

128
25. ---- your mother comes to visit, we must
remember to give her the things your sister 31. ---- the facts that the café is close to the
left for her. university and offers reasonably priced
meals, it is very popular with students.
A) Whereas
A) On account
B) When
B) Owing to
C) However
C) Whereas
D) By the time
D) Because
E) No matter
E) As long as
26. When deep-sea diving, you must pay 32. There are a lot of jellyfish in the water around
attention to the time, ---- staying under water here; ---- they are a harmless variety.
too long may result in serious illness.
A) no matter
A) whereas B) besides
B) so C) consequently
C) for D) however
D) but E) much as
E) whenever
33. Playing games in the back, the children didn't
27. Please answer the telephone for the next hour get bored ---- we drove to the resort.
---- the receptionist has gone to the dentist.
A) by the time
A) while B) for
B) until C) as
C) therefore D) during
D) so E) since
E) as 34. He was tired of commuting such a long way to
28. The residents received some warning of the work, ---- he was quite excited when a local
tornado; ----, several people were injured. company offered him a job.
A) as
A) nonetheless
B) so
B) despite
C) for
C) even though
D) though
D) thus
E) still
E) otherwise
35. It was clear that ---- how much he protested,
29. ---- the authorities try, they don't seem to be his father was not going to change his mind.
able to reduce the crime rate. A) no matter
A) Whoever B) whereas
B) No sooner C) whenever
C) No matter D) whatever
D) Whatever E) although
E) By the time 36. ---- it was extremely windy, we managed to
have a good game of beach volleyball.
30. ---- vast distances and great difficulties in
transportation, there was a remarkable A) However
amount of trade in the ancient world. B) No matter
A) Whenever C) In spite of
B) As a consequence of D) Even though
C) While E) For fear that
D) Even though 37. We are going to set out at dawn tomorrow,
---- we have loaded up the car tonight.
E) In spite of
A) as
B) when
C) so
D) for
E) because

129
38. We had to move offices temporarily ---- a new
carpet was being fitted in ours. 44. I have heard that he has been doing well ----
he opened his own language school.
A) much as
A) since
B) wherever
B) while
C) during
C) no sooner
D) until
D) when
E) while
E) by the time
39. We cannot move back into our office ---- the
workmen have cleared up. 45. ---- the way they are portrayed in numerous
films and stories as man-eating creatures,
A) while only a few species of sharks are known to
B) by the time attack humans
C) as long as A) As
D) until B) Owing to
E) when C) Unlike
40. His parents were happy that he managed to D) Although
gain a university degree ---- his handicap. E) Because
A) thus 46. ---- people are more aware of the cruelty of
B) provided importing exotic animals, dealers are less
likely to find buyers for pets such as monkeys
C) besides and parrots.
D) though
A) As a result
E) despite
B) Because of
41. ---- the sports centre has marvellous facilities, C) Nevertheless
it is usually crowded with sports enthusiasts.
D) In contrast to
A) Despite E) Now that
B) Whenever
47. He had ---- opened the doors of the shop ---- a
C) Because customer came in and bought all the fresh
D) However cream cakes.
E) On account A) both / and
42. Working hours for farmers, ---- the fixed hours B) not only / but also
of office workers, are irregular and dependent C) the earlier / the more
upon the needs of livestock and crops.
D) no sooner / than
A) in order to E) neither / nor
B) in contrast to
48. I like to read my newspaper ---- travelling to
C) nevertheless work, but I often leave it behind.
D) in spite of
A) instead of
E) on the other hand
B) while
43. ---- we scrubbed the floor, ---- obvious it C) as soon as
became that a special cleaning fluid would be
required to remove the marks. D) because of
E) since
A) Hardly / when
B) Not only / but also 49. ---- you have used the photocopier, please
don't forget to turn it off.
C) However / so
D) No matter / how A) After
E) The more / the more B) While
C) Just
D) Before
E) Unless

130
50. I'm worried about him as he went directly to
bed ---- hardly touching his dinner.
SET 2
1. ---- the great diversity in social behaviour and
A) while
habits between different types of ants, most
B) when of them have the same basic physical
C) before structure.
D) after A) Regardless
E) until B) Even though
51. People often don't tell the truth on market C) As if
surveys; ----, the results obtained from them D) Besides
are not always accurate.
E) Despite
A) for
2. Strawberries are ---- cheap at the moment ----
B) otherwise we should make some jam.
C) due to
A) both / and
D) thus
B) not only / but also
E) however
C) so / that
52. The people of Quebec, Canada, are ---- D) more / than
patriotic ---- the blue and white provincial flag
E) as / as
flies over many homes and businesses.
3. This book is ---- entertaining ---- informative,
A) but / still
so I definitely recommend it to you.
B) neither / nor
A) both / and
C) just as / when
B) either / or
D) not only / but also
C) so / that
E) so / that
D) neither / nor
53. The ban on night-time visitors to Patara beach
E) whether / or
is ---- the fact that the turtles get confused
about which direction the sea is when they 4. Some people argue that traditional blood
see artificial light. sports, ---- fox-hunting and bullfighting,
should be banned because they are barbaric
A) because
and in humane.
B) due to
A) in case
C) despite
B) even when
D) though
C) as far as
E) in order to
D) such as
54. ---- we sat down for our coffee break, the fire
E) as though
alarm rang.
5. The police are determined to find the culprits
A) Hardly
---- long it may take to trace them.
B) Seeing that
A) in spite of
C) As long as
B) however
D) Until
C) even if
E) Just as
D) the more
55. ---- being an accomplished artist Leonardo da
E) no matter
Vinci was also a sculptor, an architect and a
man of science. 6. ---- engaged in as competition ---- as
recreation, waterskiing is an exhilarating
A) Not only
outdoor sport.
B) However
A) No sooner / than
C) In order to
B) Unless / and
D) Besides
C) Whether / or
E) Moreover
D) Hardly / when
E) The more / the less

131
7. Special heat sensors on the front of the
rattlesnake's head enable it ---- to detect the 13. It is a pebble beach, ---- we had better take
presence of prey in the dark ---- to strike its some beach mats to lie on.
victim accurately. A) as
A) in addition / due B) because
B) not only / but also C) unless
C) whether / or D) for
D) either / or E) so
E) scarcely / when 14. They looked around a lot of different
8. Peter is leaving to go back to England, ---- we buildings ---- they could choose the most
are holding a farewell dinner for him. suitable one to rent for their new business.

A) or else A) yet
B) since B) besides
C) once C) since
D) yet D) by the time
E) so E) so that

9. As we will be touring, we could take the tent 15. ---- he is a strong man, he had no trouble
just ---- we see a nice campsite and want to hiking with a heavy rucksack.
stop. A) For
A) in case B) Since
B) when C) Until
C) unless D) Provided that
D) until E) When
E) as 16. I'm not sure ---- he has decided to take the
10. ---- urgently callers say they need to speak to new job ---- stay with his present employer.
me, I do not want any calls for the next hour. A) whether / or
A) Moreover B) neither / nor
B) Provided that C) yet / still
C) However D) not only / but also
D) Even if E) hardly / when
E) The more 17. I wasn't disappointed not to win the final ---- I
11. ---- the work was physically demanding, and hadn't even expected to get as far as I had in
at times we felt really exhausted, seeing the the competition.
end result was very satisfying. A) even
A) Owing to B) though
B) Even though C) however
C) No matter D) as
D) As though E) providing
E) However 18. You'll have awfully sore legs tomorrow ----
12. He has put on a little weight ---- he started you don't use plenty of lotion now to protect
doing this sedentary office job. them from this strong sun.

A) once A) or
B) when B) in case
C) despite C) if
D) since D) so
E) before E) still

132
19. ---- somebody bought me a ticket, I still
wouldn't go to see the Spice Girls perform. 25. They'll be able to take on some permanent
staff ---- they have fully established
A) However themselves in the city.
B) Only if A) as though
C) Even if B) while
D) Until C) when
E) Besides D) even if
20. ---- the introduction of the new education act, E) during
elementary school children have been taught
English from the fourth grade. 26. He was extremely happy about winning the
contest, because it gave him ---- the
A) In order to opportunity to join a professional orchestra,
B) Although ---- the chance to travel.
C) Until A) either / or
D) During B) no sooner / than
E) Since C) whether / or
21. They will start constructing the new roof ---- D) not only / but also
every resident has paid their contribution. E) neither / nor
A) no sooner 27. The household vacuum cleaner was first
B) while mass-produced by William Henry Hoover; ----,
it is now commonly referred to as a 'hoover'.
C) in order that
D) as soon as A) besides
E) no matter B) on the contrary
C) otherwise
22. It was ---- she was in Milan that she was
discovered by a fashion designer and D) whereas
persuaded to work as a model. E) therefore
A) while 28. The inhabitants of Zelve were re-housed in a
B) during nearby village ---- prevent any more injuries
and deaths from rock fall.
C) no sooner
D) despite A) in order that
E) besides B) in case
C) so as to
23. ---- the solar system is tiny compared with the
distances to galaxies or even to nearby stars, D) even if
it is enormous when compared with distances E) as far as
on the Earth.
29. We wrapped the roast chicken in special
A) However paper ---- it would stay warm until our guests
B) Even though arrived.
C) Nevertheless A) while
D) As long as B) so that
E) The fact that C) in case
24. They tried not to swallow any water as they D) as though
swam across the river ---- it might be E) much as
contaminated.
30. The population of the rare mountain gorilla
A) for fear that has increased in the last few years largely ----
B) meanwhile the Rwandan government's recognition of this
animal's importance to the tourist industry.
C) besides
D) even though A) nevertheless
E) regardless B) as for
C) otherwise
D) owing to
E) furthermore

133
31. ---- so it is a good idea to make a reservation.
35. As its surface is so hard, -----.
A) The hotels can be very busy at this time of
year. A) gem stones are not only used for jewellery
but also in industry
B) I think there will be plenty of seats left.
B) she bought some new blankets for the
C) I guess he had arrived at a very late hour. children
D) Package tours are getting more and more C) you'll find cushions more comfortable than
expensive. chairs
E) We haven't decided where to go on holiday D) it is actually composed of soft elements
yet.
E) a diamond can only be cut with another
32. ----, he wrote more than 600 songs in his brief diamond
musical career.
36. -----, it's difficult to decide which one to buy.
A) Although the German composer Schubert
died at the age of 32 A) In addition to the high costs of medical
services in the country
B) Chopin was born in Poland but spent most
of his adult life in Paris. B) When the gallery owner has offered his
opinion
C) At a young age, Beethoven began to suffer
from early symptoms of deafness. C) Assuming that this armchair may not fit in
the place
D) By the time Brahms completed the first of
his four symphonies D) Until a friend of ours made the decision for
us
E) Rossini, who reigned as Italy's foremost
composer of the early 19th century E) As we like both pictures so much

33. Chasing the chickens back into their coop, 37. Besides the threat from illegal hunting, -----.
----. A) they have been unable to stop this brutal
A) the birds ran in all directions trade
B) for fear that they would disturb the visitors B) the people who kill gorillas or capture them
for zoos
C) Farmer Oak's patience was wearing thin
C) the mountain gorilla is in danger from human
D) the old farmer tripped and hurt his knee settlement
E) they would thus lay their eggs in the proper D) human beings have virtually wiped out
place certain species
34. Since opening this pension three years ago, E) it is still not too late to save the giant panda
---- .
38. Having bought the flat between them, -----.
A) virtually the same customers came to stay
here every year A) his devotion to restoring them to their former
styles was admirable
B) we have added several facilities, including a
swimming pool B) l thought the high price was justified
because it had an extensive garden
C) the possibility of going bankrupt still
threatens us C) it was really amazing how quickly they
renovated it
D) our chief is now regarded as the best around
here D) my sisters will share the cost of the
alterations made in it
E) it has become one of the most popular in
town E) the house has a large balcony and a
wonderful sea view
35. As its surface is so hard, ----.
39. Although my brother likes most aspects of his
A) gem stones are not only used for jewellery job, -----.
but also in industry.
A) he has never got used to travelling abroad
B) she bought some new blankets for the on business
children
B) he still isn't thinking of applying for a
C) you'll find cushions more comfortable than different position
chairs
C) he enjoyed going on business trips as well
D) it is actually composed of soft elements
D) l think it would be foolish of him to quit now
E) a diamond can only be cut with another
diamond E) he works really hard in order to obtain a
promotion

134
40. in addition to its strategic location that has
made it a centre of commerce, -----.
A) many companies have their headquarters
there
B) today the city is not so important
internationally
C) the city in an important cultural centre
D) many people move there to work
E) it is, however, no longer the capital city
41. – 45. sorularda verilen cümleye anlamca en
yakın olan seçeneği bulunuz.
41. Fishing is a restful way to spend your leisure
time, whether you catch anything or not.
A) The best thing for you to do in your spare
time is to go fishing, as it is very relaxing.
B) Even if you don't catch anything, going
fishing in your spare time is relaxing.
C) Fishing is extremely relaxing, especially
when you catch something.
D) Fishing is not only relaxing but also a
chance to catch something to eat,
E) Whenever l go fishing, l come back relaxed,
even if l can't catch anything.
42. Although it is as hot there as it is in Istanbul,
the weather in Cappadocia is more
comfortable because the air is drier.
A) Cappadocia is hotter than Istanbul, it feels
cooler because of the dry air, which makes it
very pleasant.
B) The air in the Cappadocian region is not
only pleasanter than in Istanbul but also
cleaner and therefore it feels much more
comfortable.
C) With its relatively cool and dry weather,
Cappadocia has a pleasanter climate than
Istanbul, which is usually hot and humid in
the summer.
D) As the air in Cappadocia is not as humid as
in Istanbul, the hot weather there is more
agreeable even though both cities are the
same temperature.
E) When Istanbul is hot and sticky, Cappadocia
is usually cooler and drier, making it a very
pleasant place to live in.
135
43. Ever since a fortune teller predicted that
disaster loomed in Joanna’s future, she has
been expecting something terrible to happen.
A) Joanna’s negative attitude was largely due
to the predictions of a fortune teller who had
predicted nothing but doom and gloom.
B) Joanna was ready for the disaster, for a
fortune teller had warned her that it would
happen sooner or later.
C) When Joanna was struck by a disaster, she
couldn’t help remembering the fortune teller
who had predicted one in her future.
D) Thanks to the predictions of a fortune teller,
Joanna was ready when disaster struck.
E) Joanna has been anticipating a personal
disaster from the time a fortune teller told
her that one was approaching.
44. Before long, he became aware that his
hearing problem not only was permanent, but
was getting progressively worse.
A) He had been deaf for a very long time, yet
he still refused to accept that his condition
was permanent, and expected to get better
eventually.
B) When he became convinced that his hearing
problem was permanent, he had already
been deaf for a very long time.
C) It didn’t take him long to realise that his
hearing problem was deteriorating, and that
his condition was not temporary.
D) Soon, he noticed that his hearing problem,
which he had thought permanent, was
gradually getting better.
E) For a long time, he believed that he was
deaf temporarily; however, it was obvious
that his condition was permanent.
45. The unusually hot weather in Texas, USA, this
year has been responsible for a number of
deaths, mainly of elderly residents.
A) Due to the exceptionally hot weather in
Texas, USA, this year, elderly residents
should be very careful to keep cool as over-
exposure to heat can cause death.
B) Because Texas, USA, has an extremely hot
climate, a number of elderly people die of
sunstroke every year.
C) Texas this year has been so hot that lots of
people have suffered from sunstroke.
D) Several, largely elderly, members of the
population have lost their lives due to the
unexpected heatwave that has hit Texas,
USA, this year.
E) Lack of provisions for the elderly is the
reason for so many deaths in the American
state of Texas this year, where they have
had an unusually hot summer.
 46.-50. sorulara verilen İngilizce cümlenin Türkçe
dengini bulunuz.
46. While astronomy did not progress in the West
in medieval times, Hindu and Arabian
astronomers kept the science alive during
that period.
A) Batı`da orta çağlara kadar astronomi alanında
pek bir ilerleme gözlenmemiştir ama Hint ve
Arap gökbilimciler bu bilimi
canlandırmışlardır.
B) Orta çağlarda astronomi Batı`da
ilerlemezken, bu dönemde Hint ve Arap
astromlar bu bilimi canlı tutmuşlardır.
C) Orta çağlarda Hint ve Arap gökbilimciler
astronomiyi canlı tutmaya çalışırken, o
dönemde bu bilim Batı`da neredeyse hiç
ilerlememiştir.
D) Batılı gökbilimcilerin hiçbir ilerleme
kaydedemediği orta çağlarda astronomi,
Hint ve Arap astronomların katkılarıyla
gelişmiştir.
E) Orta çağlarda astronomi biliminin ilerlemesi,
Batılı değil, Hint ve Arap astronomlar
sayesinde olmuştur.
47. We cannot call this child a genius perhaps,
but it is certain that his intelligence is well
above average.
A) Bu çocuğun bir dahi olduğunu söyleyemeyiz
belki ama zeka düzeyinin ortalamanın bir
hayli üzerinde olduğu kesin.
B) Sırf zeka düzeyi ortalamanın çok üzerinde
diye bu çocuğu bir dahi olarak nitelememiz
kesinlikle imkansızdır.
C) Zeka düzeyi ortalamanın çok üzerinde olan
bu çocuğun belki de bir dahi olduğunu
nedense hiçbirimiz düşünmüyoruz.
D) Bu çocuğun bir dahi olmadığını hepimiz
biliyoruz ama zeka düzeyinin ortalamanın bir
hayli üzerinde olduğunu da inkar edemeyiz.
E) Hepimizin dahi diye isimlendirdiği bu çocuk
belki de sadece ortalamanın biraz üzerinde
bir zeka düzeyine sahiptir.
48. A marriage is generally believed to link two
families together, and the birth of children
strengthens this tie.
A) Genel bir inanışa göre, iki aileyi birbirine sıkı
bir şekilde bağlaması için evlilikte çocuk
şarttır.
B) Genellikle, evliliğin iki aileyi birbirine
bağladığına ve çocukların doğumunun bu
bağı kuvvetlerindirdiğine inanılır.
C) Genellikle evlilik iki aileyi birbirine bağlar
ama bu bağın kuvvetlenmesi çocukların
doğumuyla mümkün olur.
D) Çocuklu ailelerde evlilik bağının daha
kuvvetli olduğu inancı çok yaygındır.
E) Genel olarak insanlar, evliliğin iki aileyi
birbirine bağladığına ama bu bağın
çocukların doğumuyla kuvvetlendiğine
inanırlar.
49. Some materials ejected from volcanoes cool
so quickly that they solidify even before they
strike the ground.
A) Volkanların püskürttüğü bazı maddeler çok
çabuk soğur ve yere değer değmez
katılaşırlar.
B) Volkanlardan püsküren bazı maddeler çok
çabuk soğuma özelliğine sahiptirler ki bunlar
daha yere değmeden katılaşmış olurlar.
C) Bazen volkanlar maddeleri o kadar yükseğe
püskürtürler ki bunlar yere soğumuş ve
katılaşmış olarak düşerler.
D) Bazen volkanların püskürttüğü maddeler
hemen katılaşır ve daha yere çarpmadan
soğurlar.
E) Volkanlardan püsküren bazı maddeler o
kadar çabuk soğuyorlar ki daha yere
değmeden katılaşıyorlar.
50. Ankara is an ancient city which, according to
archaeologists, people have inhabited at least
since the Stone Age.
A) Arkeolojik kazılar, Ankara’nın eski bir şehir
olduğunu ve Taş Devri’nden beri burada
insanların barındığını göstermektedir.
B) Bazı arkeologlar, eski Ankara’nın Taş
Devri’nde kurulmuş bir şehir olduğunu ileri
sürmektedir.
C) Ankara`da arkeologlar, Taş Devri’nde
insanların burada bir şehir kurduklarını
gösteren deliller bulmuşlardır.
D) Ankara, arkeologlara göre, en az Taş
Devri’nden beri insanların barındığı eski bir
şehirdir.
E) Arkeologlara göre, yerleşim birimi olarak
Ankara’nın tarihi en azından Taş Devri`ne
kadar uzanmaktadır.

136
 51.-55. sorularda verilen Türkçe cümlenin
İngilizce dengini bulunuz.
51. Yüksek çocuk ölüm oranına rağmen
Bolivya`da nüfus, pek çok Latin Amerika
ülkesinde olduğu gibi, hızla artmaktadır.
A) The infant death rate is quiet high in Bolivia,
as in other Latin American countries, yet its
population is still growing rapidly.
B) Although it has a relatively high infant
mortality rate, the population is growing as
rapidly in Bolivia as in other Latin American
countries.
C) Despite the high infant death rate, the
population is growing rapidly in Bolivia, as in
many countries of Latin America.
D) Because of its high infant death rate,
Bolivia’s population isn’t growing as fast as
those of many countries of Latin America.
E) However high the infant death rate in Bolivia
is, its population keeps growing almost as
rapidly as the other Latin American
countries.
52. Petrol ve doğal gazın oldukça süratli bir
biçimde tüketildiği konusunda giderek
büyüyen kaygı, bilimadamlarını alternatif yakıt
kaynakları araştırmaya yönlendirmiştir.
A) It is becoming increasingly important for
scientists to find alternative fuel sources as
oil and natural gas are being used up
relatively quickly.
B) The fact that oil and natural gas will be used
up very soon has worried scientists, who are
searching for alternative fuel source.
C) Scientists are looking for alternative sources
of fuel because they are worried that oil and
natural gas will quickly be used up.
D) There is an increasing worry that scientists
will not find alternative fuel sources before
we use up all the oil and natural gas.
E) The growing worry that oil and natural gas
are being used up relatively quickly has led
scientists to search for alternative fuel
sources.
137
53. Kumla karıştırılmış kilden yapılan tuğlalar
daha sert olur ve sadece kilden yapılmış
tuğlaların kaldırabileceğinden daha büyük bir
ağırlığa dayanır.
A) Bricks can be made harder by adding sand
and this will also enable them to withstand
more weight than those made entirely of
clay.
B) Making bricks of clay and sand is harder
than making them purely with clay, but clay
and sand bricks can take greater weights.
C) Bricks made of clay mixed with sand are
harder and will bear a greater weight than
can bricks composed of pure clay.
D) Mixing sand with clay to make bricks is
preferable to making them purely with clay
as the resulting harder bricks will bear a
great weight.
E) Being harder than pure clay bricks, bricks
made of clay and sand can stand more
weight.
54. Modern bir çiftliği işletmek, önemli ölçüde
yöneticilik becerisinin yanı sıra yüksek
düzeyde teknolojik bilgi de gerektirmektedir.
A) The operation of a modern farm requires not
only a high level of technological training but
also many management skills.
B) To operate a modern farm efficiently, both
considerable technological understanding
and management skill are essential.
C) Apart from the extensive technological
knowledge required, anyone wishing to
operate a modern farm must have
considerable management experience.
D) Besides considerable management skill,
operating a modern farm requires a high
degree of technological understanding.
E) Although considerable management skill is
important, it takes a high level of
technological skills to operate a modern
farm.
55. Ticaret ve finans bölgelerinde yükselen
gökdelenlerle şehrin görüntüsü 1960'lardan
SET 3
bu yana çarpıcı biçimde değişmiştir. 1. Although the pension was very reasonably
priced, it was certainly not comfortable. ----, it
A) Since the 1960s, the city's profile has been
had a beautiful shady garden and a roof
dramatically altered by the skyscrapers
terrace with a splendid view of the area.
sprouting in the commercial and financial
districts. A) Therefore
B) The skyline of the city has dramatically B) Even though
changed since the 1960s, when skyscrapers C) Otherwise
sprang up in the commercial and financial
districts. D) Moreover
C) Since the 1960s, skyscrapers have sprouted E) Nevertheless
in the business and financial districts of the 2. The coach was full and the weather very hot,
city, which has extensively altered its profile. but the air conditioning wasn't working. ----,
D) Many skyscrapers have been built in the city the passengers were uncomfortable and
since the 1960s, altering the profile of the many of them complained.
business and banking districts.
A) On the contrary
E) During the 1960s, skyscrapers sprouted up
in the business and banking sections of the B) Nevertheless
city, changing its profile dramatically. C) Consequently
D) Otherwise
E) Furthermore
3. They could easily afford to stay at the best
hotels, ---- they preferred to stay at small
family run guest houses.
A) as
B) yet
C) for
D) therefore
E) so
4. The 35th US President, J.F. Kennedy, was
shot by a lone gunman ---- taking part in a
procession in November, 1963.
A) in order to
B) during
C) owing to
D) until
E) while
5. We are unable to send you a brochure at the
moment, but we will send you one ---- new
stock arrives.
A) before
B) until
C) as soon as
D) while
E) although
6. ---- of how many different precautions you
take, you cannot avoid being bitten by midges
in Scotland at this time of year.
A) No matter
B) Nevertheless
C) Whatever
D) Regardless
E) Instead

138
7. We are, from this date forward, cancelling
your company's credit facility with us ---- your 13. Because my car is very old and ---- a little
poor payment record. unreliable, I usually take the train travelling
long distances.
A) on account of
A) however
B) even though
B) though
C) in addition to
C) therefore
D) in spite of
D) while
E) besides
E) owing to
8. Dave caught malaria ---- he was working on a
construction project in Africa. 14. ---- varied they may be in purpose, all
spacecrafts move through space in
A) during accordance with fundamental physical laws,
B) while and all are made up of similar basic
components.
C) by the time
D) as soon as A) Because
E) until B) So that
C) However
9. I still think it's a long way to go without taking
a break ---- they are to take turns at the wheel. D) While
E) Consequently
A) even if
B) whether 15. We are holding a meeting tomorrow ---- we
can develop a plan for next year's campaigns
C) so that well in advance.
D) despite
A) in case
E) yet
B) in order that
10. ---- performing all the functions of a standard C) no sooner
vacuum cleaner, this model will also clean
your carpets, Madam. D) even if
E) no matter
A) Regardless
B) However 16. This charity ---- provides emergency relief ----
teaches people practical skills to help avoid
C) In addition to future catastrophes.
D) Seeing as
A) such / that
E) Furthermore
B) whether / or
11. I'm glad that we phoned to check the date of C) both / so
their wedding; ----, we would have missed it.
D) rather / than
A) consequently E) not only / but also
B) in case
17. ---- how careful I try to be throughout the
C) although month, I always seem to run out of money
D) however before I get paid.
E) otherwise A) Whenever
12. They didn't buy that house because it is a B) Even though
long way from any schools; ----, it needs a C) No matter
fortune spending on it.
D) In case
A) nevertheless E) Even if
B) regardless
18. ---- ordinary chestnuts, which are delicious
C) whereas when roasted, horse chestnuts are inedible
D) furthermore and are most commonly used by children in a
E) on the other hand game called 'conkers'.
A) Besides
B) Similar to
C) Whereas
D) In contrast to
E) On the other hand

139
19. Apart from the radiator, the cylinder head is
---- damaged, ---- the garage will need our car 25. He resigned from his position ---- he could
for a week to repair it. find time to write his long intended book.

A) still / yet A) otherwise

B) so / as B) however
C) both / though C) thanks to
D) such / as D) moreover
E) also / so E) so that

20. The summer will be over ---- they open the 26. In their opinion, they presented the best
swimming-pool. proposals, ---- They didn't get the contract.

A) by the time A) if
B) while B) yet
C) though C) as
D) during D) for
E) no sooner E) so

21. For reasons of safety, space-launch centres 27. There will be a shortage of water ---- we get
are usually located on ---- oceans ---- sparsely some rainfall soon.
populated land. A) as if
A) either / or B) in case
B) such / as C) whenever
C) neither / nor D) unless
D) hardly / when E) by the time
E) whether / or 28. The lungs are never completely empty. ---- the
22. ---- the 1970's, the United States developed most vigorous expiration, they still contain
the space shuttle, the first reusable manned about 983 cubic centimetres of air.
space vehicle. A) Even after
A) When B) As though
B) During C) However
C) While D) Whereas
D) Due to E) Even if
E) By the time 29. ---- writing techniques and vocabulary can be
23. ---- the doctor told you that you had only six taught, no amount of instruction can make up
months to live, what would you do with that for a lack of natural creative talent.
time? A) Soon
A) Regardless of B) Hardly
B) Owing to C) While
C) In addition to D) No matter
D) Suppose that E) Since
E) In order that 30. ---- the council has provided places for us to
24. Traffic to the airport has been much lighter ---- take our empty bottles for recycling, many of
the metro system was built. us still throw glass bottles into the ordinary
dustbins.
A) as if
A) However
B) once
B) On account of
C) since
C) In addition to
D) until
D) Despite
E) while
E) Even though

140
31. ----; at a zoo, however, they can see in
captivity the wild animals from all over the 35. In addition to customers who have seen our
world. advertisements, ----.

A) Wild budgies bathe in dew-wet grass, but for A) they are normally only interested in special
the cage budgie, extra water is needed offers
B) Animals are better off in their own habitats, B) we obviously need to put them into more
where they can be observed behaving newspapers
naturally C) coming mainly to buy specific things which
C) Many people don't even have the have been advertised
opportunity to observe the wildlife of their D) we gain a lot of clients through personal
own country recommendations
D) The only people who deserve pets are those E) they usually display some of our best
who take good care of them products
E) Pets are not just playthings you can neglect 36. Since starting to make a hand – woven rug
when you are tired or when you go on last month, -----.
vacation
A) the harmony of the colours looks wonderful
32. Having once been a vital aid to local shipping,
B) the pattern was more difficult than it looked
---- .
C) she has rarely been seen outside her room
A) the lighthouse is now a museum
D) she isn't interested in anything else
B) modern technology has now taken over
E) it was a very complicated pattern, though
C) it is very interesting to see the video
37. -----, whereas this one is better for self–study.
D) the surrounding seas can sometimes be
very rough A) At the end of this course, you will be
E) I was fascinated to see how it worked presented with a certificate.
B) This book is meant to be used in group
33. After making an emergency landing on a
lessons.
small island, ---- .
C) She studied Turkish Literature at lstanbul
A) lightning had struck one of the engines University
B) their chances of being found alive were D) Text books are designed for different
scarce learning situations
C) there was nothing but sand and palm trees E) You are planning to study on your own
for miles
38. ln his opinion, the company's negligence and
D) there were, fortunately, no casualties
cost cutting measures -----.
E) the pilot radioed air-sea rescue
A) there was fierce a competition in the industry
34. ----, but one that is teased will quickly inflict a
B) whichever way they have been implemented
nasty peck.
C) was a consequence of their shrinking profits
A) Voice training methods are the same for a
D) has only been applied since the beginning of
parrot as those for a budgie
the month
B) A gently handled parrot can become a
E) caused this catastrophe to happen
clever and affectionate companion
C) The size of the cage for your canary 39. Devoting every spare minute of his time to the
depends upon the bird mountain rescue service, -----.
D) The cat has been a pet since the days of A) mountaineers should not climb mountains
ancient Egypt alone
E) Few pets became popular as quickly as B) the money raised by volunteers is well–used
parakeets, also called budgies C) mountains should be open to the public for
leisure purposes
D) he hardly has any time to stay with his family
E) his dogs and children help him occasionally

141
40. The air near the centre of an active volcano is
so sulphurous -----.
A) during eruptions poisonous gases fill the air
making it almost impossible to breathe
B) even though scientists wore special masks
which filtered the air to enable them to carry
out their studies
C) whether or not scientists can study them
depends on the amount of sulphur in the air
D) that scientists need to wear special
breathing equipment when studying volcanic
activity
E) yet these sulphurous gases give off a strong
smell similar to that of rotten eggs
41. – 45. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en
yakın olan seçeneği bulunuz.
41. As no company other than Istanbul Airlines
and Turkish Airlines operate a non–stop
service to Manchester, we should choose one
of these firms.
A) Istanbul Airlines and Turkish Airlines are the
only companies which fly directly to
Manchester, so we ought to fly with one of
them.
B) Istanbul Airlines and Turkish Airlines don't
operate a flight there, so we had better
choose a destination other than Manchester.
C) Neither Istanbul Airlines nor Turkish Airlines
fly directly to Manchester Airport, so we had
better choose a different company.
D) Many companies such as Istanbul Airlines
and Turkish Airlines now fly directly to
Manchester Airport.
E) The only way we can fly to Manchester is
with either Istanbul Airlines or Turkish
Airlines, so we have to choose between
these two operators.
42. Unlike his wife, he thinks that bullfighting
should be banned.
A) Although he dislikes bullfighting, his wife
who is against banning the sport, really
enjoys it.
B) She doesn't like bullfighting, yet she still
doesn't agree with her husband about
banning the sport.
C) Differing from her husband, she fells that
bullfighting ought not to be permitted any
more.
D) They can't decide whether bullfighting
should be banned just because it is cruel.
E) Contrary to his opinion, his wife believes that
bullfighting should continue to be permitted.
142
43. Having just bought a brand new car, he was
angry when the electric windows on it
stopped working.
A) He bought a new car because he was fed up
with the electric windows not working
properly on his old one.
B) He didn't notice that the electric windows
weren't working on his brand new car until
after he had collected it, which was very
annoying.
C) Although he was not happy to discover that
the car did not have electrically operated
windows, he bought it anyway.
D) Feeling annoyed that the electric windows
no longer worked on his car, he bought a
new one.
E) The failure of the electric windows on his
new car annoyed him because he had only
recently purchased it brand new.
44. No animal or vegetable life except for bacteria
and brine shrimp inhabit the Dead Sea, as the
water is twenty–five percent salt.
A) The Dead sea is known as such because,
due to its salty water, virtually no animal or
plant species can survive there.
B) The Dead Sea is made up of twenty – five
percent salt; consequently, only bacteria and
brine shrimp can live in its water.
C) Having extremely salty water, the Dead Sea
cannot support most life forms including
bacteria and brine shrimp.
D) The water of the Dead Sea is one quarter
salt, which explains why a lot of animal and
plant species are not found in abundance
there.
E) Being among the life forms that can survive
in such salty water, bacteria and brine
shrimp can be found in the Dead Sea.
45. Nowadays, Philadelphia isn't the capital of
either the USA or Pennsylvania state;
however, in its history it has been both.
A) Although in the past Philadelphia has been
both the capital of the USA and of the
Pennsylvania state, today it is neither.
B) Having been both the United States and
Pennsylvania state's capital city,
Philadelphia has a great history.
C) Besides being the United States capital,
Philadelphia is also the capital of the state of
Pennsylvania.
D) Pennsylvania's capital, Philadelphia, used to
be America's capital as well, but it no longer
is.
E) Today, Philadelphia isn't the capital of the
USA any more, but only the capital of the
state of Pennsylvania.
 46. – 50. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin
İngilizce dengini bulunuz.
46. İğne yapraklı ağaçlar az su sarfettikleri için
kurağa karşı uzunr süre dayanabilirler.
A) Coniferous trees survive long periods of
drought by consuming very little water.
B) During extended periods of drought which
they can survive, coniferous trees consume
little water.
C) Coniferous trees can withstand times of
drought, during which they are able to
survive on little water.
D) Since coniferous trees consume little water,
they can withstand drought for an extended
length of time.
E) Coniferous trees consume little water, and
thus, they are able to withstand drought for a
long time.
47. Henüz bir ev bulup yerleşmişti ki şirket onu
başka bir şehre transfer etti.
A) She had to find a flat and settle in when the
firm moved to another city.
B) When the company transferred her, she had
a hard time trying to find a flat and settle in.
C) The firm transferred her to another city,
where she quickly found a flat and settled in.
D) No sooner had she found a flat and settled
in another city than the company transferred
her back.
E) Hardly had she found a flat and settled in
when the firm transferred her to another city.
48. Çöllerde insanların barınıp ürün yetişti-
rebileceği tek yer su bulabilecekleri
vahalardır.
A) The only places where people living in the
desert can get water for their crops are
oases.
B) People living in the desert can obtain water,
which they can use for watering their crops,
from oases.
C) ln deserts, the only places people can live
and grow crops in are oases, where they
can get water.
D) Oases are the only places in deserts where
water is available, and therefore, people
often live and grow crops around them.
E) People living near oases in deserts can get
water which means they are able to grow
crops.
143
49. Geleneksel inanışa göre Filipinli gençler
evlenip aile geçindirmeye başlayana kadar
yetişkin olarak kabul edilmezler.
A) Filipinos, who traditionally marry and begin
raising a family quite young consider
themselves adult once they have married.
B) According to traditional belief, Filipino youths
are not considered adults until they marry
and begin raising a family.
C) According to Filipino customs, a young man
must marry and start a family before he is
accepted by traditionalists as an adult.
D) The traditional belief of the Filipinos is that
adulthood commences from the time a youth
gets married and starts to raise a family.
E) According to Filipino traditions, unless a
youth finds himself a wife and begins a
family of his own, he will not be respected as
an adult.
50. Kendini dışarı çıkacak kadar iyi his-
setmiyorsan alışverişi ben tek başıma
yapabilirim.
A) As you are not feeling well enough to do the
shopping, I’ll do it on my own.
B) I’ll have to do the shopping without you as
you are not well enough to come with me.
C) Unless you are feeling well enough now to
go out, l will have to do the shopping by
myself.
D) lf you are not feeling well enough to go out,
can do the shopping on my own.
E) Whether l do the shopping by myself or not
depends on how well you'll be feeling at the
time.
51. – 55. sorularda verilen İngilizce cümlenin
Türkçe dengini bulunuz.
51. Bolivia lies wholly within the tropics, but its
climate varies considerably with altitude.
A) Bütünüyle tropiklerde yer alan Bolivya'nın
iklimi, yüksekliklerin farklı oluşundan dolayı,
büyük değişiklik gösterir.
B) Yüksekliği fazla bir ülke olması nedeniyle
Bolivya, tropiklerde var olan tüm iklim çeşit-
lerine sahiptir.
C) Bolivya tümüyle tropiklerde yer alır ama ik-
limi, yüksekliğe bağlı olarak önemli ölçüde
değişir.
D) Ülkenin tamamı tropiklerde yer aldığı halde
Bolivya'nın iklimi, yüksek kesimlerde çok
değişkendir.
E) Tropiklerde yer alan Bolivya'nın değişken ik-
limi, yüksekliğinin bir hayli fazla oluşundan
kaynaklanmaktadır.
52. While speaking to their parrots, some people
cover the cage in order to enable them to 55. While it is no longer a capital city, Istanbul is
concentrate on the voice. still the commercial and cultural centre of
Turkey.
A) Bazı papağanların konuşmayı öğrenebilme-
leri için kafeslerinin üzerini örtmek gerekir A) Bir zamanlar başkent olan İstanbul, şimdi
çünkü bu şekilde sese daha çok yoğunlaşır- Türkiye'nin ticaret ve kültür merkezi konu-
lar. mundadır.
B) apaganlarına konuşmayı öğretirken bazı in- B) Türkiye'nin başkenti olma özelliğini artık yi-
sanlar, kafesin üzerini örterek onların sese tirmiş olan İstanbul, ticaret ve kültür merkezi
daha çok yoğunlaşmalarını sağlarlar. konumunu korumaktadır.
C) Papağanların sese yoğunlaşmalarını sağla- C) Türkiye'nin başkenti olduğu dönemde
mak için bazı insanların kullandıkları yöntem İstanbul aynı zamanda ülkenin ticaret ve
kafesin üzerini örtmektir. kültür merkeziydi.
D) Papağanlarıyla konuşurken kafesin üzerini D) Artık başkent olmamakla birlikte, İstanbul
örten insanlar onların bu şekilde sese hala Türkiye'nin ticaret ve kültür merkezidir.
yoğunlaştıklarını ve konuşmayı E) Başkent olmadığı dönemde bile Türkiye'nin
öğrendiklerini savunuyorlar. ticaret ve kültür merkezi her zaman İstanbul
E) Bazı insanlar papağanlarıyla konuşurken, olmuştur.
onların sese yoğunlaşmalarını sağlamak için
kafesin üzerini örterler.
53. Few writers from the West lndies have gained
a readership outside their region.
A) Batı Hint adalarında bazı yazarların kendi
bölgeleri dışında çok az okuyucu kitleleri
vardır.
B) Batı Hint adalarından çok az okuyucu kendi
bölgesi dışındaki yazarların eserlerine ilgi
gösterir.
C) Batı Hint adaları dışından çok az yazar bu
bölgede okuyucu kitlesi kazanabilmiştir.
D) Batı Hint adalarından çok az yazar kendi
bölgesi dışında bir okuyucu kitlesi edinebil-
miştir.
E) Batı Hint adalarındaki okuyucu kendi bölgesi
dışından çok az yazarı benimsemiştir.
54. A nation's standard of living can be measured
by the number, cost and quality of goods
produced in that country.
A) Bir ulusun yaşam standardı, o ülkede üreti-
len malların sayısı, fiyatı ve kalitesiyle ölçü-
lebilir.
B) Bir ulusun yaşam standardını ölçmek için o
ülkede üretilen malların sayısına, fiyatına ve
kalitesine bakmak yeterlidir.
C) Bir ülkede üretilen malların sayısı, fiyatı ve
kalitesi, o ulusun yaşam standardını ölç-
mede kullanılabilir.
D) Bir ulusun yaşam standardı, o ülkede üreti-
len malların sayısı, fiyatı ve kalitesine bağlı-
dır.
E) Bir ülkede üretilen malların sayısı, fiyatı ve
kalitesi, o ulusun yaşam standardının bir öl-
çüsüdür.

144
 CONJUNCTIONS - PART I CONJUNCTIONS - PART I
SET 1 SET 2
1 B 21 A 41 C     1 E 21 D 41 B    
2 B 22 A 42 B     2 C 22 A 42 D    
3 D 23 C 43 E     3 A 23 B 43 E    
4 E 24 D 44 A     4 D 24 A 44 C    
5 A 25 B 45 C     5 B 25 C 45 D    
6 B 26 C 46 E     6 C 26 D 46 B    
7 C 27 E 47 D     7 B 27 E 47 A    
8 D 28 A 48 B     8 E 28 C 48 B    
9 E 29 D 49 A     9 A 29 B 49 E    
10 C 30 E 50 D     10 C 30 D 50 D    
11 C 31 B 51 D     11 B 31 A 51 C    
12 E 32 D 52 E     12 D 32 A 52 E    
13 E 33 C 53 B     13 E 33 D 53 C    
14 B 34 B 54 E     14 E 34 B 54 D    
15 D 35 A 55 D     15 B 35 E 55 A    
16 C 36 D         16 A 36 E        
17 A 37 C         17 D 37 C        
18 D 38 E         18 C 38 D        
19 C 39 D         19 C 39 A        
20 B 40 E         20 E 40 C        

CONJUNCTIONS - PART I
SET 3
1 D 21 A 41 A    
2 C 22 B 42 E    
3 B 23 D 43 E    
4 E 24 C 44 B    
5 C 25 E 45 A    
6 D 26 B 46 D    
7 A 27 D 47 E    
8 B 28 A 48 C    
9 A 29 C 49 B    
10 C 30 E 50 D    
11 E 31 C 51 C    
12 D 32 A 52 E    
13 C 33 E 53 D    
14 C 34 B 54 A    
15 B 35 D 55 D    
16 E 36 C        
17 C 37 B        
18 D 38 E        
19 E 39 D        
20 A 40 D