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Piping System
Piping System - What is that?
Concept - Layout Development
Piping Components & their access requirement.
Straight length requirements.
Orientation of various tapings, components, etc.
Piping Drains & Vents
Insulation.
Material & Sizing, PDT/VDT selection.
Critical piping system consideration.
Pipe Stress Analysis.
1 Pipe Supports
Special Considerations
Piping Designer’s Input & Output GET-DET Training Prog.,2003-Somnath Kundu
PIPING SYSTEM
Let us first Discuss about WHAT IS PIPE!
It is a Tubular item made of metal,
plastic, glass etc. meant for conveying
Liquid, Gas or any thing that flows.
It is a very important component for any
industrial plant. And it’s engineering plays
a major part in overall engineering of a
Plant.
In next few pages we shall try to
familiarize about pipe and it’s
components.
PIPING SYSTEM
We need some
branch
connections
TERMINAL CONNECTIONS.
So far this is a nice arrangement.
But there is no control over the flow from Tank-1
to other tanks.
We need some arrangement to stop the
flow if needed
This is part
P&ID for DM
water transfer
system
Click to see Iso
After the P&ID is ready we start the layout work.
Here we carryout pipe routing / layout in Virtual 3D environment.
Not Preferable
Preferable
While carrying out pipe routing we also need to consider the following
Valves, strainers, instruments on the pipe should be easily accessible.
If needed separate ACCESS PLATFORMS to be provided to facilitate these.
Desired location and orientation of valves / instruments and other pipe
components are to be checked and maintained, like some valves or strainers
can only be installed in horizontal position.
Specific requirements for instrument installation to be checked, like
temperature gauge can not be installed in pipe which is less than 4 inch in size.
Specific requirements of STRAIGHT LENGTH of pipe for some components to
be maintained, like for flow orifice we need to provide 15 times diameter
straight pipe length at upstream of orifice and 5 times diameter straight at down
stream of orifice.
Let us look
into typical
Vent and
Drain
arrangement Pipe line Vents
in a pipeline and Drains
Let us have a look into a piping model done by PDWB
The Term PDWB stands for Piping Design Work Bench
This is a PDWB
model of Feed
water line along
with pumps and
other accessories
Let
Let us
uslook
lookin
into
toaaPiping
Piping Isometric Drawing
Isometric Drawing
From the Piping 3D Model
From
we the
create thePiping 3D Model
Piping Isometric we create the Piping Isometric drawings.
drawings.
These piping isometric drawings are used to fabricate and erect the piping
These isometric drawings
at job site.
are used to fabricate
and erect the piping
at job site.
This is part
Isometric for DM
water transfer
system
Find out type Find out Check Pipe Select suitable Check Mat. YES Pipe
of Fluid Fluid Temp. life Material per Listed in Material
flowing & Pressure Expectancy practice (Note-1) Design Code OK
NO
Note-1 : Material is selected per past experience with cost in
mind and per material listed in design code. If material is See Note-
not listed in code we may select next suitable material
listed.
1
Pipe Sizing Calculation - to select required pipe diameter based on velocity and pressure drop.
Find out Check Velocity Calc. flow area Calc. Press. Check Press. YES Pipe
Flow volume Allowable per required and Drop for that Drop meets Size
per second second Pipe size Pipe size Press. Budget OK
NO
Increase
Pipe Size
Pipe Thickness Selection - to select appropriate pipe thickness based on flowing fluid property.
Select Mat. Find out Decide on Calc. Pipe Check if S&L YES Selected
& Diameter Fluid Temp. Corrosion Thickness per PDT matches S&L PDT
as above & Pressure allowance Code (Note-2) requirement for Project
Note-2 : S&L has a standardized sets of piping materials suitable for various
NO
fluids and various service conditions, These are call - Piping Design Create new Created
Table (PDT). If calculated pipe thickness do not match with standard PDT for new PDT
PDT, Project Specific PDT are created with PDTS software. Project for Project
Piping Design Table and Valve Design Table
S&L has standardized sets of pipe and valves grouped based of various application.
These sets are call Piping Design Table (PDT) for pipes and fittings, and Valve Design
Table (VDT) for valves.
These Tables with all their physical data are consolidated in the PLADES 2000
Database.
When we create piping 3D model by using PDWB software all Pipe and Valve data are
fetched from Database and automatically inserted in the piping model based on the
PDT selected.
While we select pipe or valve material for any intended service we try to select the best
suited S&L PDT already available in the Database.
If in any case we can not find a suitable match we have to create a new project specific
PDT or VDT.
This creation of PDT and VDT is done through PDTS software.
The created design table is reviewed and approved by authorized person.
As it is approved PLADES Database is updated, and the NEW PDT can be used in
generation of piping model.
This is an example of
project specific PDT
In Power plant there are some piping which carries steam at high pressure and
temperature. And also there are piping which carries water at High pressure.
These pipes carries the main cycle steam and water of the steam power plant.
These pipelines are call the CRITICAL PIPING.
Very special care are taken for design of these piping.
First the pipe material selection for such piping is very important as it has to
withstand the high pressure and may be also high temperature.
As these pipes carry the main system fluid of the power plant, they are given
the right of way, and routed at beginning of the overall plant layout.
Steam pipes run at very high temperature and the hot pipes expand. We have to
built in flexibility in the high temperature pipe routing so that the expansion
force is absorbed within the piping.
Also there should be enough flexibility in these pipe routing so that high loads
are not transferred to the nozzles of Turbine or Pumps
There are many recognized international codes which lay down guide lines and
mandatory requirements for design of such piping.
The most important codes used by power plant piping engineers are
ASME ANSI B31.1- Power Piping Code & IBR - the Indian Boiler Regulation
Pipe Stress Analysis
We have already seen that some of the pipes are subjected to high pressure
and high temperature. Also pipes carry the load of the flowing fluid.
We need to check and confirm the pipe is not going to fail with these loading.
This process of checking the stress developed in the piping due to various
loading is called Pipe Stress Analysis/Flexibility analysis.
In the process of Analysis we apply various postulated loading on the pipe and
find out the stress resulted from these loading.
Then we check with governing codes if those stresses generated are
acceptable or not.
We check support load & movement for various loading condition.
We also check out the terminal point loading generated from pipe to the
equipment connected to the pipe. This loading are to be within acceptable
limits of the equipment suggested by the vendors.
We also find out the pipe growth due to change in temperature and need to
keep the movement of pipe within acceptable limits.
Pipe Stress Analysis is an Interactive and Iterative process. Each step is
checked
If a check fails we have to go back, modify the layout and restart the analysis.
PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS
Inputs Tools we use
Geometric layout of Pipe PIPSYS - is an integrated pipe stress
Pipe supporting configuration analysis module of PLADES 2000
CEASER - Commercial Piping analysis
Pipe Diameter and Thickness
software
Pressure inside Pipe
There are many other commercial software
Cold and Hot temperatures of Pipe available
Weight of Pipe and insulation Outputs
Weight of carrying Fluid Stress of the pipe at various loading
conditions
Pipe material Property (Young’s Modulus,
Thermal Expansion Coefficient) Load at various supports and restrains.
Thrust on pipe due to blowing wind. Movement of pipe at support locations
Thrust on pipe due to earthquake Pipe terminal point loading.
Load of Snow on pipe Codes and Standards
Any transient loading like Steam Hammer In general Power Plant Piping have to
load comply stipulations of ASME ANSI B31.1
Any other load on the piping In India Power cycle Piping to comply IBR
code requirements.
PIPSYS - the analysis module of PLADES 2000
Rigid Support
Rigid Hanger
There are two types of spring
support
Variable load type, here support
load changes as the pipe moves.
Constant load support, the load
Dynamic Support,
remains constant within some Snubber
range of movement.
Rigid Support
Some Typical Pipe Support Drawings
Here is some typical Pipe support drawings showing some typical vendor supplied
component numbers. (See Support Catalogues in G drive g:\snl\techdocs)
Some Pipe Support Hardware DetaIs
Here is some typical Pipe support hardware Pictorial views
Some Special Considerations for Piping
When pipes are routed UNDER GROUND (Buried) following points to be kept in mind:
Minimum pipe size to be routed under ground shall be not less than 1 inch.
Avoid flange joint in U/G piping.
Keep in mind if pipe leaks U/G, it will be difficult to detect, so avoid U/G routing of pipe
carrying hazardous fluid.
Pipe to be laid below Frost Zone at areas where ambient temperature goes below freezing.
U/G, Buried piping should be properly protected from corrosion.
Pipe may be properly wrapped and coated to prevent corrosion.
Or U/G piping be protected by using Cathodic protection.
!!!
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