SOLAR PV PROJECT PROPOSAL : HEC, RANCHI

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS REPORT

Towards

Submitted to

O/O. THE DIRECTOR (MARKETING & PROJECTS)

HEAVY ENGINEERING CORPORATION LTD.
RANCHI -834004, JHARKHAND INDIA

Submitted by

OWNER’S CONSULTANT
ENERGY EFFICIENCY SERVICES LIMITED
4TH FLOOR, MAPLE PLAZA,OPP. ASHOK NAGAR, ROAD NO2, RANCHI – 834002
Registered and Corporate Office:
NFL BUILDING, 5TH & 6TH FLOOR, CORE – III, SCOPE COMPLEX, LODHI ROAD, NEW
DELHI – 110003
Website: www.eeslindia.

Prepared by

YK JAIN, SMART ENERGY CONSULTANT

HARENDER SINGH, PROJECT CO-COORDINATOR
GALAXY POWER SOLUTIONS
32/33 A, STREET NO.9, B.S.COLONY, VISHWAS NAGAR SHAHADARA, DELHI 110032
Mobile: +91 9554154425, Galaxy Power Solutions <galaxypowersolutions@hotmail.com>

Submission Date
18th Nov’2019

Document reference
AP_SPV_FAR:GPS_EESL_HEC
V11.2019, R1

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CONTENTS

Contents
1. ABOUT THE REPORT......................................................................................................................................3

1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT .......................................................................................................3

1.2. SCOPE OF THE SOLAR PROJECT .......................................................................................................3

1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THIS REPORT.............................................................................................................3

1.4. RENEWABLE INTEGRATION ADVISARY ...........................................................................................4

1.5. SITE INFORMATION ......................................................................................................................................4

1.6. SITE MAP..............................................................................................................................................................4

1.7. SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ...................................................................................................................................7

1.8. POWER CONSUMPTION RECORD........................................................................................................9

1.9. DESIGN & DOCUMENTATION.................................................................................................................9

1.10. PROJECT LAYOUT & DRAWINGS .....................................................................................................9

1.11. PROJECT CAPACITY ...............................................................................................................................10

1.12. BILL OF MATERIAL ..................................................................................................................................10

1.13. COMMERCIAL ASPECTS ......................................................................................................................10

1.14. MAJOR COMMERCIAL TERMS .........................................................................................................11

1.15. PROJECT EXECUTION AND NEXT ACTION .............................................................................12

1.16. ASSUMPTIONS & DISCLAIMER ......................................................................................................12

2. GENERAL TECH. INFORMATION OF GRID- CONNECTED SOLAR PV SYSTEM .....14

2.1. SOLAR PV SYSTEM INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................14

2.2. GRID- CONNECTED SOLAR PV SYSTEMS ...................................................................................14

2.3. SOLAR NET-METERING (ROOFTOP System) ...............................................................................15

2.4. SOLAR PV SYSTEM CAPACITY SIZING ..........................................................................................15

2.5. ROOFTOP INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ...............................................................................15

2.6. SYSTEM COMPONENTS ...........................................................................................................................15

2.8. ENERGY GENERATION EXPECTATION ...........................................................................................16

2.9. WIRING DIAGRAMS FOR GRID-CONNECTED SOLAR PV SYSTEM ..............................17

3. WEATHER RECORDS - RANCHI ............................................................................................................19

3.1. WEATHER BY MONTH / WEATHER AVERAGES..........................................................................19

3.2. WIND AVERAGES ..........................................................................................................................................19

3.3. SOLAR RADIATION AVERAGES ..........................................................................................................20

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1 Executive Summary of the Report

1. ABOUT THE REPORT

HEC is exploring Solar PV technology based renewable energy generation feasibility at its
available land parcels in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. As part of this initiative, this report is
submitted by the EESL (Energy Efficiency Services Limited) RANCHI as their initial assessment
of available resources for implementing Solar PV installations.

1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

The growing need of power in the country led a thought of shifting to renewable sources of
energy from conventional sources of energy. Jharkhand is one of the Indian states that have
growing need of updating / creation of infrastructure and hence the need for energy is
increasing.

All state and Union governments are trying to show a way out in the time of energy crises by
exploiting all possible natural means of energy.

Under green energy initiatives renewable energy based applications to be developed and to
explore opportunities with solar energy to undertake green initiative, reduce carbon
footprint, and to reduce electricity bills.

1.2. SCOPE OF THE SOLAR PROJECT

Preliminary understanding is to have ground mount Solar PV projects on the available land
parcels and export the generated Energy to Grid. There is going to be PPA with the Govt. /
DISCOM for sale & purchase of this energy and that will pay-back the investment in addition
to the green benefits.

1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THIS REPORT

This is a feasibility analysis report is the first initial assessment of available resources ex. Land
parcel, understanding of what is feasible capacities, project time lines, expected generation,
expected investments & financial returns, and broadly outlay the direction for
implementation.

Broadly the need for a renewable energy expert is envisaged to guide the clients /further
advise on following aspects :
 Assessment of the available resources in line with renewable energy on-site generation
requirement.
 Assessment of feasible capacity with as-on-date design and what best can be possible
with improvements if agreed upon.
 Feasibility report on the each aspect of all desired improvements, Pro-cons, budget and
modifications requirements.
 Define the procurement specifications for revised requirements
 Support the vender selection progress
 Act as Nodal team for all renewable energy integration documentation
 Assist client in PPA, statutory approvals and close coordination amongst on each stage of
project progress
 Get the successful commissioning of the project

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 SOLAR PV PROJECT PROPOSAL : HEC, RANCHI

1.4. RENEWABLE INTEGRATION ADVISARY

To keep above objective as scope of work the different activities desired from renewable
expert are:
 Feasibility assessment – approx. 2 months of interaction and final report submission, from
the date of award of assignment.
 Procurement Assistance – approx. 3 months to prepare all purchase specifications and
assisting the probable venders.
 PMC assistance - for Green Building certification coordination. Full project execution
duration of about 2 years.

1.5. SITE INFORMATION

The limited information shared by the client is reproduced here. Please find below the details
of specified land plots identified for Solar Power project at HEC, Ranchi.

There are three separate plots on which, HEC intends to build the Solar Projects. The Site plan
and coordinates are shared in next photographs.

Table 1 : Proposed Solar Project sites

S.No Site of land plot Identification Land Area Remarks /

(Approx.) Coordinates
Plot Open land plot between Sithio road and Opposite of Bir 17.66 acre (23.293849,
# 1. HMBP perimeter wall starting from HMBP Kunwar Singh statue. 85.278062)
watch tower- HMBP gate No 3 –Sithio police Parallel to Sithio road
TOP

Plot Open Land plot bisected by a road from Opposite of HEC-JSCA 27.14 acre (23.313557,
# 2. HEC-JSCA to Jagannathpur Mandir road and cricket stadium. 85.273490)
in front of High court new campus and plant Parallel to HEC-JSCA
hospital and opposite of HEC-JSCA cricket
stadium
Site HEC Colony, sector 3, Dhurva, Ranchi Estimated (23.309942,
# 3. approx. 1 85.291162)
acre

1.6. SITE MAP

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Figure 1 : Map showing the identified land (3 different places)

Figure 2 : Site #3 identified for Rooftop project

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Figure 3 : Plot #1

Figure 4 : Plot # 2

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1.7. SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

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1.8. POWER CONSUMPTION RECORD

HEC, Ranchi’s record of power consumption of past years is recorded as below. The tariff has
escalated up to Rs. 6.25 and presently at Rs. 5.50 per unity. The Max demand charges are
increasing and presently at Rs. 350/kVA.

Table 2 : Tariff & Demand Charges trend

Date Unit Charge Max. Demand Charge

(Rs./KWh) (Rs./KVA)
Upto Dec-2015 5.40 235
from Jan 2016 5.85 255
from July 2017 6.25 300
from May 2018 5.75/KVAh 300
from April 2019 5.50/KVAh 350

ENERGY CONSUMPTION STATEMENT OF HEC, FY(2018-19)

HEC, Ranchi’s last FY’s record indicates around 3.4 Cr Units per year of power consumption
and around Rs. 29 Cr as energy bill per Annum as per breakdown presented in below table.
Which means the net cost of Energy is around Rs. 8.50 per unit from the present sources.

Table 3 : Energy Consumption FY 18-19

APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MARCH Total
HEC(Kwh) 3,078,900 2,612,824 2,650,580 2,684,560 3,031,318 2,684,560 2,789,740 2,971,260 3,108,700 3,008,780 2,697,240 2,827,920 34,146,382
HEC(Kvah) 3,609,496 3,027,606 3,434,015 3,392,145 3,492,302 3,626,531 3,517,770 3,619,276 3,760,082 3,596,889 3,273,484 3,506,311 41,855,907
max demand(KVA) 14,525 12,365 15,620 14,060 13,500 14,450 12,035 13,025 12,365 13,880 15,905 13,625 15,905
Energy Bill (Rs.) 23,600,589 21,458,736 24,431,586 23,722,834 24,130,737 25,187,553 24,277,178 24,860,837 26,144,472 24,846,112 23,593,997 24,248,752 290,503,381
per unit cost(Rs./Kwh) 7.67 8.21 9.22 8.84 7.96 9.38 8.70 8.37 8.41 8.26 8.75 8.57 9.38
Elec. Duty(Rs.) 129,013 105,880 105,487 112,755 117,035 123,598 117,339 118,690 123,274 121,944 109,603 116,329 1,400,947
Note : 1. Bill up to April 2018- kwh*6.25 + max. demand *300
2. Calculation from May 2018- kVAh*5.75 + max. demand*300
3. Energy bill mentioned is not including DPS

ENERGY CONSUMPTION STATEMENT OF HEC, FY(2019-20)

HEC, Ranchi’s last six month’s record indicates around 25 Lakh Units per month of power
consumption and around Rs. 2.3 Cr as monthly energy bill as per breakdown presented in
below table. Which means the net cost of Energy is around Rs. 9.20 per unit from the present
sources.

Table 4 : Energy Consumption FY19-20

APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MARCH Total
HEC(Kwh) 2,682,020 2,559,240 2,539,980 2,577,720 2,723,600 2,465,160 - - - - - - 15,547,720
HEC(Kvah) 3,363,090 3,350,692 3,284,871 3,383,264 3,546,432 3,333,828 - - - - - - 20,262,177
max demand(KVA) 13,624 13,624 12,830 12,890 10,775 14,525 14,525
Energy Bill (Rs.) 23,265,703 23,370,806 22,791,791 23,332,952 23,276,628 23,419,801 - - - - - - 139,457,681
per unit cost(Rs./Kwh) 8.67 9.13 8.97 9.05 8.55 9.50 - - - - - - 9.50
Elec. Duty(Rs.) 110,585 127,962 126,999 128,886 136,180 123,258 753,870
Note : 1. Bill from april 2019- kvah*5.5 + max demand*350
2. Energy bill mentioned is not including DPS

1.9. DESIGN & DOCUMENTATION

The drawing documentation as may be needed for the execution of work shall be provided by
EPC contractor and Owner’s Consultant will facilitate in reviews and approvals.

1.10. PROJECT LAYOUT & DRAWINGS

This shall be provided in the event of detail engineering and submitted to as per the

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requirement. Illustrative drawings for the broader understanding may be enclosed at the end
of this report.

1.11. PROJECT CAPACITY

There is review of available land and area as shared by the client. The preliminary analysis
indicates total feasibility of around 12 MWp using normal efficiency panels.

1.12. BILL OF MATERIAL

Considering the highest possible energy Generation from the available space, the preliminary
design and engineering suggest the Bill of material for procurement as below :

Table 5 : Bill of Material

Sub Work: (SOLAR POWER SYSTEM)

S Particulars
N
1 Design, Supply, Installation, Testing & Commissioning of grid connect rooftop ( Total Roof Top area available for the purpose as identified on various terraces )
Solar PV System ( PR Ratio of system i.e. total AC power output for utilization shall not be less than 75% after final collection at LT Bus) comprising of the
Following;
a). Solar PV module with minimum 15% efficiency.
b). Module Fixing GI structure
c). IP 65 Array Junction Box with necessary switch gears.
d). IP 65 Main Junction Box with necessary switch gears.
e). Grid Tie Inverter 415V 50Hz having electrical efficiency not less 95 %
f). AC distribution boards having required number and capacities TP MCCB /MCB's with provision for metering (required numbers at each terrace)
g). suitable sizes Copper cables (DC/AC) up to AC distribution boards on each terrace .
h). Earthling kit (for DC structure earthing)
i). Lightning and overvoltage protection
j) GI Cable Trays (closed type ) of suitable dimensions and capacity for the installation
k). Installation Kit and Misc accessories required to complete the work
l). Supply, installation, testing & commissioning of Computer Aided plant monitoring system, Data Acquisition unit, to monitor the status of all major equipment
through SCADA system & Weather Station including suitable size cable/wiring connection to all major equipment, software with all accessories i/c plant monitoring
desk as per site requirement complete as required (Plant Monitoring Desk to be located in ground floor substation building).
m). HT switchyard for evacuation of power and transmission line till nearest substation.

1 Above work on site 1

2 Above work on site 2
Total Ground (1,2)
3 Above work on site 3
Total
2 Annual O&M and comprehensive AMC of the above work for next 5 years
TOTAL
The above work estimation is tentative without any formal design & engineering at present
and thus without any backup quotation. This is only an indicative estimation just to give
preliminary understanding of the project.

It is advised to have proper design, engineering based quantity estimation and cost analysis
with backup offers from the technology providers and contractors.

Due to fluctuations in USD-INR exchange variations, taxation, market conditions there are
changes in the above basic cost estimations subject to proper sourcing agreements and
negotiations.

1.13. COMMERCIAL ASPECTS

Summarized Review of sites, estimated capacities considering current technology, feasible
business models (CAPEX investment), EPC construction options, Expected generation and
financial returns based on current construction costs and expected PPA around Rs. 4.35/kWh
is given in next table.

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Table 6 : Project Capacities, Investments & Payback

S Name Address Ow Area Solar Min Solar Solar Grid Solar Solar Gen Solar Gen Solar Gen Solar ROI
/ Of ner Capacity Capacity Self Availab Generation Self export Total investment
N Buildin feasible Consu ility in Consumpt
g mption sunny ion
hours
(Sq m) (kWp) (kWp) (%) (%) (kWh / Year) (Rs./ Year) (Rs./ Year) (Rs./ Year) (Approx. Rs.) (Year)
1350 6.00 4.35 36,000
1 Plot 1 (23.293849, HEC 71,468 5,361 4,500 100% 6,075,000 - 26,426,250 26,426,250 162,000,000 6.13
85.278062)
2 Plot 2 (23.313557, HEC 109,832 8,238 8,000 100% 10,800,000 - 46,980,000 46,980,000 288,000,000 6.13
85.273490)
3 Site 3 (23.309942, HEC 4047 304 200 50% 100% 270,000 810,000 587,250 1,397,250 8,280,000 5.93
85.291162)
181652.36 12,520 17,145,000 810,000 73,993,500 74,803,500 458,280,000

Broadly, it is expected to have around 4.5MW, 8MW and 200kWp capacities feasible on the
plot #1, Plot #2 and Site #3.

The expected PPA shall be around Rs. 3.80 to Rs. 4.50 / unit and for estimation purpose Rs.
4.35/Unit is considered.

It is presumed that the present cost of electricity (Total Energy Bill Paid per year / Total
Energy units consumed per year) shall be around Rs. 6.00. However, the energy payments
mentioned in previous section (clause 1.11) indicates it much higher i.e Rs. 8.50 to Rs
9.20/unit.

With these broad understanding, various assumptions it appears that the investments are
feasible to recover around 6 years for these ground mount projects.

1.14. MAJOR COMMERCIAL TERMS

The major terms of project execution & contractor engagement shall be :

Project Execution period :

 The normal delivery period shall be commencing within 1-2 months and completion
within 1-2 years, subject to techno-commercial feasibility, clearances, agreement and
advances/ security deposit receipts.

Installation & Commissioning:

 EPC contractor shall be appointed to deliver the project on turnkey basis and Supervision
can be included as PMC contract.

O&M Service Contract Duration :

 DLP period of project can be 1 year and O&M contract shall be for 5 years post
commissioning.

Payment Terms:
 Milestone based payment can be proposed in case of CAPEX projects. Incase of RESCO
(OPEX / PPA), it is monthly billing of energy to be paid for the agreement term (15 years
minimum).

Taxes and Duties

 All Taxes and duties such as GST and other taxes applicable at tax rate shall be charged
extra as applicable at the time of Invoicing.
 The current rate of applicable GST is 18% (Works contract) and shall be charged extra in
the invoices.

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Asset Ownership :
 Incase of CAPEX, upon commissioning and handover, it is owned by the client.
 Incase of PPA, it will remain the property of the service provider.

Force Majeure:
 Standard Force Majeure Conditions shall apply to the project.

Validity:
 The cost estimation has no validity as these are based on budgetary estimation, adjusted
to prevailing market scenarios. Since the order is going to be placed at a later date, it is
subject to variation due to exchange variation, market conditions, taxation etc.

1.15. PROJECT EXECUTION AND NEXT ACTION

Post feasibility analysis the proposed next steps shall be as follows :
 Discussion on available Module technology (Performance, credibility, pros-con, Risk etc.),
feasible capacity (various roofs with different technology), expected generation, expected
budget (EPC cost, O&M cost), Expected Returns (Fin Cost, ROI/IRR), Business Models
(CAPEX vs OPEX – EMI/PPA), Tendering spec, BOQ etc.
 After understanding various scenarios agree on final specifications, Bill of Material & cost
estimate
 The tentative analysis of the expected capacity and Generation.
 Arrangement of desired statutory approvals
 Arrangement of fund allocation.
 Arrangements for Grid interconnection at the nearest point of the project site.
 Finalizing tender & techno-commercial specifications for EPC contractor engagement
 Detail engineering with EPC contractor
 Approvals for construction
 On-Site project implementation

1.16. ASSUMPTIONS & DISCLAIMER

The exact site measurements, site lay-outs, plot plan & land profile were not available at
present. Thus consultant is constrained to presume all information only from the given
photographs or plot size provided by the customer. The all this estimation is just experience
based guess work which will change with the exact information and measurements in the
event of detail project analysis.

This document is prepared without basic design & site visit but based on the information
shared by the client and knowledge referring to the public domain information available and
understanding of the subject to the best of our knowledge & experience on working with the
state-of-art renewable energy and conservation methods to be deployed at any green
campus.

Any reference to any brand, trademarks are only for academic purpose respecting all rights to
their owners. We don’t claim the information presented are originated or created by us. The
effort is put in to integrate the distributed information on various places and compile it in
user friendly manure only.

The content of this document has accuracy limited to our knowledge, understanding and
analysis of the data collected from open sources as best feasible and thus users are advised to
always refer to preliminary source information for any commercial decisions.

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 SOLAR PV PROJECT PROPOSAL : HEC, RANCHI

While efforts have been made to secure reliable results, the simulations done using
appropriate software, like all software products, may show deficiencies during use, which
may have escaped preparation team’s detection. Preparation team cannot, in any way, be
held responsible either to the use of the findings in this report or for any direct or indirect
losses arising from such use or from errors of any kind in the report content to the Client, its
Contractors or any third parties.

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2 TECHNICAL SPEC. OF SPV SYSTEMS

2. GENERAL TECH. INFORMATION OF GRID-

CONNECTED SOLAR PV SYSTEM
The following details broadly define the technical understanding of Solar System and shall be
referred as broad guidelines. The proposed Projects shall be commissioned as per the
technical specifications given below.

2.1. SOLAR PV SYSTEM INTRODUCTION

There are basically two solar PV systems: stand-alone and grid-connected.

Stand-alone solar PV systems work with batteries. The solar energy is stored in the battery
and used to feed building loads after conversion from DC to AC power with a stand-alone
inverter. These systems are generally used in remote areas without grid supply or with
unreliable grid supply. The disadvantage of these systems is that the batteries require
replacement once in every 3 - 5 years.

Grid connected systems are connected to Grid and don’t have any backup system. The Solar
energy is either used by the load or exported to Grid and thus governed by Net-metering
arrangement. These systems will work only when both Grid and Sun are available.

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) of the Government of India, provides
capital subsidies for solar PV systems subject to certain conditions. The capital subsidy for
rooftop solar PV systems is 30% of the benchmark cost or 30% of the actual cost, whichever is
less. The up-to-date benchmark cost and capital subsidy terms and conditions may be
checked on the website of MNRE (see: www.mnre.gov.in). Capital subsidy is presently not
applicable for Commercial, Industrial or Govt. installations.

2.2. GRID- CONNECTED SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

In grid-connected solar photo-voltaic (PV) systems, solar energy is fed into the building loads
without battery storage that are connected to the DISCOMs grid through a service connection
and surplus energy being fed into the grid or shortfall being drawn from the grid. Grid-
connected solar PV systems have no battery storage and will not work during grid outage.

Production of surplus energy may happen when solar energy produced exceeds the energy
consumption of the building. This surplus is fed into the grid. During the night, or when during
the day energy demand in the building exceeds solar energy generation, energy is drawn
from the grid. For buildings with grid-connected solar PV systems, the service connection
meter needs to be of the bidirectional type, whereby import kWh and export kWh are
separately recorded.

A grid-connected solar PV system consists of the solar panels, solar panels mounting
structure, one or more solar grid inverters, protection devices, meters, interconnection
cables and switches. Components and parts used in solar PV systems should conform to the
BIS or IEC or other international specifications, wherever such specifications are available and
applicable.

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2.3. SOLAR NET-METERING (ROOFTOP System)

A facility known as "net-metering" has been introduced wherein the solar energy exported to
the grid is deducted from the energy imported from the grid subject to certain conditions.

In order to promote the development of roof top & small solar photo voltaic systems
Electricity Regulatory Commissions has framed Net metering regulations for their respective
states. These regulations permit the consumers to install small solar photo voltaic roof top
system in their premises with the provision of net metering arrangement under which the
excess electricity generated by such Solar systems is delivered to the distribution licensee and
shall be utilized to offset the electricity supplied by the distribution licensee to the consumer
during the applicable billing period.

The consumer pays for the net-energy imported from the grid. To enable net-metering
DISCOM will provide with a bidirectional meter that displays the import and export energy
separately.

2.4. SOLAR PV SYSTEM CAPACITY SIZING

The size of a solar PV system depends on the energy consumption of the building and the
shade-free rooftop (or other) area available.

2.5. ROOFTOP INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

The shadow-free area required for installation of a rooftop solar PV system is about 10-12 m2
per kW (kilowatt). This number includes provision for clearances between solar PV array
rows.

The solar panels may be installed on the roof of the building with a south facing tilt angle that
varies from 11 - 30 degrees depending on the latitude of the location. Sufficient area shall be
available for servicing the system. In between the rows of solar panels sufficient gap needs to
be provided to avoid the shading of a row by an adjacent row.

The solar grid inverter shall be placed indoor in a safe and easily accessible place. Outdoor
duty inverters can be mounted outdoor preferably under a canopy.

2.6. SYSTEM COMPONENTS

A grid-connected solar PV system consists of the following main components:
 Solar PV (photo-voltaic) array - Solar PV modules consisting of required number of
Crystalline PV modules.
 Solar grid inverter - Grid interactive Power Conditioning Unit consisting of Maximum
Power Point Tracker (MPPT)with Remote Monitoring System
 Mounting structures / Solar PV array support structure
 Interconnect Cables - IR/UV protected PVC Cables, pipes and accessories
 Switches, Junction Boxes, Controls & Protection devices, Earthing and lightening
protections.

A Grid Tied Solar Rooftop Photo Voltaic (SPV) power plant is designed to last more than 25
years. Therefore it is essential that all system components and parts shall have a life cycle of
at least 25 years and all works shall be undertaken with the highest levels of quality and
workmanship with neatness and conformity with quality and safety norms such as BIS or IEC
or international specifications, wherever such specifications are available and applicable.

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2.7. POWER CONSUMPTION

Regarding the generated power consumption, priority needs to give for internal consumption
first and thereafter any excess power can be exported to grid. Decisions of appropriate
authority like DISCOM, state regulator may be followed for finalization of tariff.

2.8. ENERGY GENERATION EXPECTATION

The city has average daily sunshine of 5.5 hours and followed by a loss of approximately 90
days due to rains and clouds every year, Hence the total annual sun hours in the city are 5.5 x
(365-90) = 1513. Ideally 1513 kWh/kWp of energy can be produced annually under Standard
Test Conditions (STC). The maximum capacity utilization factor (CUF) of the solar plant is thus
17.3% (1513/365x24) in ideal conditions.

However, real life performance will depend on outdoor environment conditions which are
different from standard test conditions of the panels. The real life weather conditions (such
as Sun irradiation & Sunny Hours, temperature, wind velocity variation, cloud, moisture,
pollution, dust etc.), Grid availability for inter-connection and system design (such as panel
inclination & orientation, installation height, Shadow, maintenance, equipment’s quality &
efficiency, degradation etc.) has significant impact on overall system performance. It is
observed that typical systems can give 70-80% performance ratio (PR) i.e. the expected total
average annual energy generation shall be around 1200 kWh/kWp (PR 79% of 1513 ideal
conditions). The capacity utilization factor (CUF) of the solar plant is thus expected to be
around 13.7% (1200/365x24) in real life conditions.

The surface area required by Solar panels at rooftops is approx. 7 m 2 considering average
dimension of typical commercial Solar panel of 320Wp as 2 mt x 1 mt. However, considering
the inclination and shadow effects typically the average rooftop area of 12 m2 shall be
required per kWp. So 100kWh/m2 per year average solar energy generation is feasible under
normal environmental conditions.

The above generation expectations are predictions based on assumptions on technology,

current systems and extrapolating previous environment conditions. With change in weather
conditions these are subject to change.

The average degradation of equipment’s @ 0.4-1.0% per year is also expected over the life
time of generation i.e. the expected output in 10th year shall be 90% of the 1st year prediction
considering liner degradation over the years.

Thus it is proposed to consider 75% PR and 13% CUF as 1st year minimum performance
benchmark allowing linear degradation @1% per annum for system performance for next
years.

In locations where there are constraints such as shadows or panel tilt is not optimum or
orientation is not towards true south, it is advisable to consider loss of another 5-10% on
above indicated nos.

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 SOLAR PV PROJECT PROPOSAL : HEC, RANCHI

2.9. WIRING DIAGRAMS FOR GRID-CONNECTED

SOLAR PV SYSTEM

Figure 5 : TYPICAL WIRING DIAGRAM FOR GRID-CONNECTED SOLAR PV SYSTEM WITHOUT DIESEL GENERATOR

Note : The solar generation meter shown above is mandatory for consumers who avail of a
generation based incentive (GBI) and is optional for others.

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 SOLAR PV PROJECT PROPOSAL : HEC, RANCHI

Figure 6 : TYPICAL WIRING DIAGRAM FOR GRID-CONNECTED SOLAR PV SYSTEM WITH DIESEL GENERATOR

Note : The solar generation meter shown above is mandatory for consumers who avail of a
generation based incentive (GBI) and is optional for others.

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 SOLAR PV PROJECT PROPOSAL : HEC, RANCHI

3 Weather Records of Site

3. WEATHER RECORDS - RANCHI

This city in the state of Jharkhand has moderate weather. Blessed sunshine but low
temperatures, clean environment, good rains in summer but most days with nominal
moistures all are very conducive for Solar PV generation.

Figure 7 : Site Geo location

3.1. WEATHER BY MONTH / WEATHER AVERAGES

The climate in Ranchi is warm and the average annual temperature is 23.7 °C. May is the
warmest month of the year. The temperature in May averages 31.1 °C. January has the
lowest average temperature of the year around 16.7 °C.

Figure 8 : Site weather averages (monthly)

source – www.climate.org

In winter, there is much less rainfall in Ranchi than in summer. Precipitation here averages
1397 mm. There is a difference of 344 mm of precipitation between the driest and wettest
months. During the year, the average temperatures vary by 14.4 °C.

3.2. WIND AVERAGES

The average wind speed records of the city indicates average around 6.0km/Hr

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 SOLAR PV PROJECT PROPOSAL : HEC, RANCHI

Figure 9 : Site Wind velocity

Source
https://www.weatheronline.in/weather/maps/city?FMM=1&FYY=2000&LMM=12&LYY=2019&WMO=42701&CONT=inin&REGI
ON=0024&LAND=II&ART=WST&R=0&NOREGION=0&LEVEL=162&LANG=in&MOD=tab

3.3. SOLAR RADIATION AVERAGES

Ranchi has average GHI of 5.41 kWh/M2/day and DNI of 5.15 kWh/M2/day.

Figure 10 : Site Solar Radiation (GHI)

http://www.synergyenviron.com/tools/solar-irradiance/india/jharkhand/ranchi

Figure 11 : Site Solar Radiation (DNI)

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