AI Research (M) Sdn Bhd (854586-X)

Under UBBL, Third Schedule, the toilets shall be provided with either mechanical
ventilation or air conditioning having a minimum of fresh air change at the rate of
0.61cmm/m² of floor area or 10 ach whichever is lower.
At the same time, all exhaust air shall be filtered for the removal of airborne
bacteria and that the air filtration efficiency shall not be less than 70% arrestance
of 10 microns particle size.
Alternatively, the toilet can be natural ventilated by means of windows having a
total area of not less than 0.2 m² per water-closet, urinal latrine or bathroom.

The term "Fresh" Air Change as interpreted by UBBL is referring to

the proportion of the air changes per hour and not referring to outdoor air intake.
Should we operate on the literally sense, we shall then have to purify the outside
air as UBBL's definition of "Fresh Air" means normal outdoor air
not unduly affected by odours, smoke, effluents, dust, vapours, fumes,
discharges from mechanical plant and similar artificial influences which
may affect the fresh air in any manner or form.

In typical toilet setting, there is no direct OA or FA supply duct and neither was
the exhaust air filtered. In engineering perspective, the toilet is designed for
negative pressure and whereby the exhaust makeup air will be from adjacent
space enclosure - not directly from outside. FYI, in ASHRAE Standard 62-2007,
the exhaust makeup air may be any combination of outdoor air, recirculated air,
and transfer air.
As long as the ventilation in the toilet is designed within the required air changes,
ASPIRO is in compliance with UBBL.

Where the efficiency and integrity of ventilation systems are concern, ASPIRO is
more effective than the conventional mechanical ventilation as it not only rapidly
treats (purify and sterilise) the ventilation in the sanitary accommodation but also
dilute the air in loft spaces. Should there be an oxygen deficit, ASPIRO's patented
electrophoresis technology can characterise the carbon dioxide into oxygen.

ASPIRO designed provision for the removal of air from toilet space to outside
(without any ductwork), is by infiltration caused by pressure difference and stack
effect and occurs through a wide range of leakage paths in the building structure
(cracks, porosity of building elements and other opening in the building fabric). In
ASPIRO, there is no risks of ductwork and fans being clogged with contaminants,
condensation forming or backflow.

For toilet with either air conditioning or natural ventilation, there are neither
adequate means of fresh air changes nor controlled pressure differential.

We have brought this underlying issue with the respective local authorities and in
all our meeting with the departmental heads, we were informed that there is no
requirement for specific approval as ASPIRO meets the specification of a
mechanical ventilation and complies with the requirements of Building
Regulations. We were further informed that the process for approval should be
done through the submission of the building plans as stated in UBBL.

We done many projects in the past 5 years and till date has yet to receive any
objection or complaint from the consultants or authorities. Some of the projects
were Swiss Garden Service Apartment/ Hotel, Swiss Inn, KL Pavilion, Dutamas
Condo, Airtel Transit Hotel, One KL, Everly Hotel Putrajaya, etc.
Current projects include St. Regis Hotel/Service Apartment, Atria Damansara,
East Residence, Tune KLIA 2.
ASPIRO™ PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

Most odorous molecules are organic compounds, meaning they're carbon-

based, although a few simple compounds like sulfur and ammonia also give
off odors. Odor elimination is dependent on the type and degree of the odor-
causing contaminants and the ambient air temperature and humidity.

ASPIRO™ uses three different ways for odor abatement:

• Physical treatment
• Chemical treatment
• Biological treatment

Physical/chemical technologies remove bad-smelling emissions by a

thermodynamic separation process, which is characterized by the removal of
molecules out of a fluid phase at a solid surface. The adsorbed molecule is
tied up with the substrate by physical forces. These forces are characterized
by electrostatic interactions between induced, fluctuating dipoles. Strong
bonds between the adsorbative molecules and the substrate could lead to the
point that their intermolecular bonds partly or completely detach. Those
molecules are in a highly reactive state. This is the basis of heterogeneous
catalysis. The substrate is then called catalytic converter. The differences
between Chemisorption and Physisorption extends beyond an increased
activation energy. An important criteria for chemisorption is the chemical
mutation of the absorbent.

The ultraviolet light acts as a catalyst, breaking down the ambient oxygen and
water vapor molecules into the short-lived oxygen and hydroxyl free
radicals. The oxygen and hydroxyl are used up in the process of oxidizing
more complex molecules. The end result is an effective and immediate gas
breakdown, with very little byproduct.

A continuous treatment process takes place, where the specially

formulated electrodynamic carbon processor captures the carbons and
hydrocarbon, neutralises them by changing their molecular structure,
then only releases clean air to atmosphere.

Biological technology is the final process to remove emissions. The UVC

system will completely eliminate all emissions from organic sources.

In order for ASPIRO to works more effectively and efficiently unlike

conventional air cleaners, we also incorporated Graham's Law of Effusion.
(Graham’s Law tells us that the effusion rate - or the speed at which gases
flow through a hole without collisions between molecules - of a gas is
inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its individual particles,
which is also known as the molar mass. Obviously, we're greatly
oversimplifying here, because effusion isn't really the same thing as diffusion,
but it's just close enough that we can come up with a basic estimate of how
fast different smells will move, and this is about the only way we can deal with
anything resembling a simple formula).
 Ultrafiltration Electrofilltration
Nanofiltration Microfiltration Conventional Filtration

TYPICAL REMOVAL RATES FOR ASPIRO™ IAQC SYSTEM

 
 
 Characteristics"of""
Common"Indoor"Air"Pollutants*"
Size in Microns
(1/1,000,000 m. or 1/25,000 in.)
100 40 10 4 1.0 0.30 0.10 0.05 0.000001

Visibility
Human Eye Normal Microscope Electron Microscope

Length of Time Suspended in Air

3 sec 30 sec 5 min 8 hours Permanently Suspended in the Breathing Zone

Percentage (%) of Indoor Pollutants

4% of Indoor Pollutants 96% of Indoor Pollutants

Skin Flakes H1N1, H5N1 & Other Viruses

Bacteria

Dust Mites and Faeces

Plant Spores

Household Dusts
Organisms Killed by Germicidal UVC
Filtered by HEPA Filters
Filtered by Pleated Filters
Filtered by Electrostatic Filters
Filtered by Disposable Filters

* Source: American Society for Industrial Hygiene 24

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASPIRO™ DESICCATION TECHNOLOGY

1. What is UV Desiccation Technology?

In its most basic form, Ultraviolet Desiccation (also known as UV curing) is a
photochemical process in which high-intensity ultraviolet light is used to
instantly cure or “dry” solvent. It involves a photo-chemical reaction which
converts a vapour or semi-liquid organic compound to a solid state compound.
The heart of this reaction is known as a "photoinitiator", which absorbs light
and then uses the absorbed light energy to initiate and propagate the
dessication or curing reaction. Unlike conventional drying processes which
use heat to evaporate water vapour or solvents, UV curing involves a total
conversion of liquid material to a solid state.

The UV curing process uses UV energy and light from the visible light
spectrum in wavelengths from 200 to 480 nm. UV energy "cures" solvent and
aqueous solution in a fraction of time. A UV system consists essentially of the
following components: UV lamps, reflectors, lamp housings, a cooling system
and an electronic operating and control system.

2. Principle of UV Curing Technology

The process of changing a monomer (liquid) into a polymer (solid) with the
help of UV is called UV Curing.

Monomer or oligomer do not easily generate a polymerization reaction, hence

they are combined with a photopolymerization initiator to start the reaction.
The photopolymerization initiator is excited by the absorption of light and
when reactions, such as the following, take place:
(1) Cleavage,
(2) Hydrogen abstraction, and
(3) Electron transfer.

By this reaction, the substances such as radical molecules, hydrogen ions,

etc., that initiate the reaction are generated. The generated radical molecules,
hydrogen ions, etc., attack oligomer or monomer molecules, and a three-
dimensional polymerization or crosslinking reaction takes place. Due to this
reaction, if the molecules having a size greater than the specified size are
formed, the molecules exposed to UV change from liquid to solid.
3. What is UV?
UV is an electromagnetic wave of 100 to 380nm wavelength, longer than that
of X-rays but shorter than that of visible rays. UV is classified into three
categories shown below according to its wavelength:
UV-A (315-380nm)
UV-B (280-315nm)
UV-C (100-280nm).

When UV is used to cure the solvent, the following units are used to measure
the amount of UV radiation:
- Irradiation intensity (mW/cm2)
Irradiation intensity per unit area

- UV exposure (mJ/ cm2)

Irradiation energy per unit area and total quantity of photons to reach the
surface. Product of irradiation intensity and time.

- Relationship between UV exposure and irradiation intensity

E=I x T
E=UV exposure (mJ/cm2)
I =Intensity (mW/cm2)
T=Irradiation time (s)
Since UV exposure required for curing depends on the space, the required
irradiation time can be obtained by using the above formula if you know the
UV irradiation intensity.
DESSICATION METHOD OF ASPIRO™ IAQC SYSTEM

Solvent
Component

ElectroAlum
Photo- Media

Solvent Vaporizes

Photocatalytic
Media

Solvent attacks media

Photochemical reaction
produces electronic excitation
and ionization which converts
a liquid organic compound to
solid state

Photopolymerization reaction
generates hydrogen ions and
Oxygen.
Solid state components
extracted by media
Electrophoresis
One common way of separating biological macro molecules is by taking advantage of the fact that many of these
molecules either exist as ions in solution or can be modified to have ionic molecules associated with them and
therefore will move in an electric field. There are a number of different types of electrophoresis, but all involve
generating an electric field between to points and placing a matrix of some sort in-between through which the
macromolecules must travel. The speed at which they pass through this matrix in the presence of the electric field is
called their electrophoretic mobility. Electrophoretic mobility is typically measured in a relative sense. That is, one
usually uses some sort of standard and determines the mobility of other molecules relative to that standard.

The theory of electrophoresis. The concept here is simple enough. Like centrifugation, the molecules feel a force
pushing them in one direction. However, in this case, the force involved is due to the electric field acting on the
charge of the molecule and is given by F = EQ where F is the force, E is the electric field and Q is the charge.
Obviously the greater the charge on the molecule, the greater the force. Thus, for two molecules of the same size,
the one with the larger charge will move faster in the electric field. Now, it is less obvious that molecules with a
larger mass will move more slowly. This actually comes about because the frictional forces that slow a molecule
traveling through solution down depend on the molecules size. The speed at which molecules go through a solution
is determined by the point at which the forces driving it forward are just balanced by the frictional forces generated
by the motion. The greater the mass of the molecule, the greater the size, in general, and therefore the friction the
molecule will generate when traveling through the solution. It turns out that in fact the electrophoretic mobility of a
molecule depends on its charge to mass ratio. Two different sized molecules with the same charge to mass ratio
should run with the same mobility in a uniform electric field and a perfect world.

Types of electrophoresis. There are quite a number of types of electrophoresis commonly used. It is not possible
to go through them all in any detail here, but a brief description of how electrophoresis works :

CO2 is a chemical compound composed of two elements: a carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. It is called carbon
dioxide; the resultant gas is alleged to be responsible for global warming, and popularly known as "greenhouse gas."
Carbon dioxide is created in a variety of ways: plant emissions during photosynthesis, exhalations by humans, and as
a natural by-product of combustion. CO2 is also released through many industrial processes.

Instructions
1
Capture energy to split carbon dioxide (or hydrocarbon) 's extremely stable bonds. UV light, combined with a
powerful system electro-dynamic processor, is one way to create the intense energy needed to split CO2 bonds.
Many scientists working to split CO2 use the sun's light as an energy source — popular because light, captured
during photosynthesis, is the way plants break down CO2. UV light can be captured and converted to energy using a
semiconductor, like one gallium-phosphide semiconductor, which has bands of energy to capture and condense
electrons and create electrical energy potential.

2
Use semiconductors to convert energy to electricity, to split CO2 bonds. Semiconductors convert optical energy to
electrical energy, then deploy it to catalysts which split the bonds.

3
Keep the resultant molecules separated. ASPIRO which uses concentrated UV light and ECP to split CO2 - produces
carbon or hydrogen, and oxygen. If not kept separate, they will recombine and create carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
UV Ray
1/2 Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Carbon + Oxygen Oxygen

Capture of UV ray
Conversion of UV ray into electrical energy
Catalysis driven by electrical energy into chemical energy
Appendix 1

ACMV: AIR TREATMENT SYSTEMS COMPARISON

Applications ASPIRO IAQC SYSTEM CONVENTIONAL MV SYSTEM

Designed for ACMV System YES YES

Custom-built to meet specifications Standard exhaust installation
and stringent microbiological clean
condition

Provides whole system air purification YES NO

Incorporates high performance
electronic aluminum filtration
system to remove very small particulate

Keeps mold from growing on AC coil YES NO

UVC germicidal lamps to prevent There is no disinfection property
microbes from growing on the surfaces
(or destroy colonies that are already
established)

Reduces odors, VOCs, bacteria, viruses,

fungi and mold throughout the OT
YES
Coupling UVGI lamps with high
performance electronic aluminum
filtration mechanisms achieve both
germicidal effect and improvement in
overall indoor air quality.
NO
No effect on odors and virtually none
on microorganisms. Instead, duct
become dumping ground for particle,
moisture and odors
Applications ASPIRO IAQC SYSTEM CONVENTIONAL MV SYSTEM

Kills microbial by over 90%

through the OT YES NO
High filtration efficiency will remove No germicidal property
very small particulate from the air stream, On the contrary, duct becomes a
preventing it from accumulating on and source of germ bank
compromising the effectiveness of the
UVGI lamps, while also removing and
killing airborne pathogens in that air stream.

Provides a broad range of disinfection YES NO

Proven germicidal effect on molds,
bacteria, viruses and fungi

Has the broadest range of effectiveness YES NO

ASPIRO’s technology exceeds
both the germicidal effect and the
filtration performance of a combined
UVGI/high-performance-filtration system.
Advance technology that consist of a
proprietary electrophoresis processor
to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen.

Patents and Intellectual Property YES NO

As the pioneer of UVGI system,
ASPIRO holds the patent and IP rights of
the technology and products.
Specifications ASPIRO UVGI SYSTEM CONVENTIONAL FILTER SYSTEM

Benefits Total elimination of germs, particle, None

odors and VOC
Immediate high efficiency non-shedding
media
High particulate retention moisture resistant
Long service life
Elimination of expensive ductwork
Compact and easy to install
Appendix 2

ACMV: CASE STUDY AIR TREATMENT SPECIFICATIONS

Specifications ASPIRO IAQC SYSTEM CONVENTIONAL MV SYSTEM

Air Treatment System airstream purification and Foul air exhaust from room via
sterilization system ductwork and discharge through
external grille

Main Components UVGI lamps and Internal grille, UPVC pipe

Electronic Aluminum Filters: 90% external grille and fan
Fan

Control Interlocking with toilet lighting Central or individual interlocking

Space Requirement Minimal ceiling space Required a specified ceiling space

for ducting and opening on perimeter
beam for instllation of external grille

Maintenance Recommended replacement of Regular duct cleaning and external

functioning components every grille and fan.
2 years (@ RM80.00) Expensive if ductwork is long and
had to be done by professional

Costing Estimated RM500/unit (supply & install) Estimated RM1,000/unit (supply and
install)

Indoor airborne pollutants
are released or disperse
throughout the ceiling void.
Excess moisture and
condensation create conditions
that support the growth of
mold, mildew, harmful bacteria,
pathogens and allergens
building up in the loft space,
where it can do much long-term
damage.
Expensive long ductwork
and higher cost of installaion.
Mechanical wall fitted vent
and ductwork can become
blocked/clogged impeding
the air flow.
No effect on water vapor
and airborne contaminates,
and no substantial germicidal
effect.

Mechanical Exhaust Air Systems

Mechanical exhaust air ventilation is just that. Air is sucked out of the toilets/bathrooms and replaced in
the same way as for buildings with natural ventilation, through ductworks, airing panels, gaps under
doors or other leaks in the building. However, the disadvantage is that outdoor air is untreated and
warm when it is taken in, this causes condensation when it is cold inside. This leads to further
pollution and contamination. Also the exhaust air is not completely expelled but leave behind
particles, moisutre, odors in the ducting or ceiling void. The mechanical exhaust does not remove the
polluted air but merely transfer the problem to another location. This would result in microbes,
malodors and humidity spreading throughout the building.
 Excessive air leaks through cracks, porosity
of building elements and other intentional
openings in the building fabric. Infiltration
is caused by pressure difference and stack
The clean air exchange effects
between the stale ceiling
void air rapidly diluting
pollutants to satisfactory
indoor air quality
VERUS VENT-LITE
eliminates the indoor air pollutants
(excess moisture, malodors, mold,
mildew, fine particles)

Air is cleaned and can be Warm, humid and contaminated air

re-release into the space

ASPIRO IAQC SYSTEM

The most complete form of ventilation system is the integrated induced ventilation system. The system
is configured to control the exhaust air, purify and sterilise it. This means that the exhaust air is clean,
germ free. This full control of th e exhaust air does not occur in the other two systems. The system is
inexpensive and also allow lower energy consumption and better indoor climate comfort. The system
is both stable and flexible. Stability means that the system works as intended, requires minimal
maintenance. Flexibility means that the ventilation system can be controlled to meet requirements.
Instead of releasing the clean exhaust air straight into the atmosphere, it is recycle as on-demand
supply air. This ventilation recovery reduces energy consumption, lower the operating costs and
maintenance.
The basic principle underlying AIResearch is that its products must contribute to the improvement of the
environment and life of the people where the products operate. In each of these premises, AIResearch’s
products have won the confidence and appreciation of the people.

A) Medical
Singapore General Hospital (89-90), Tan Tock Seng Hospital (89-90), Mahkota Medical Centre (97),
Johor Specialist Hospital (04-09), Century Medical Centre (05), Batu Pahat Medical Centre (05),
National Heart Institute (06-09), Tung Shin Hospital (06), Ipoh Specialist Hospital (06),
Penang Medical Centre (05), Penang General Hospital (05), Island Hospital (05),
KL General Hospital (06-07), Institute of Respiratory Medicine (06), UKM Specialist Centre (07),
Gleneagles Intan Medical Centre (07-09), Pantai Hospital (10), KL Sports Medicine Centre (10-11),
Sunway Medical Centre (13)

B) Industrial
Seagate (00), Fujitech (00-01), Gourmet Foods (01), MP Mineral Water (01),
MacDonalds Restaurant (02-03), KFC Restaurant (04), Sime Rengo (05), Universal Fruit Juice (05),
Guocera Tile (05-06), Intel (06), British India Clothier (07-08), Nestle (07), Cold Storage (07), Gardenia ( 07),
Mamee (08), Jaya Plastic (08), Royce Pharmaceutical (08), Sakata Inx (08), Jebco (10), Filter Solutions(11),
Fontena (12), Zeulig Pharma (12), Oloiya (13), Felcra (13)

C) Commercial
Changi International Airport (06-08), KLIA (06-08), RHB (06), PWTC (06), Singapore MRT (06-07),
OCBC Bank (07), Bank of China (07), AIA Insurance (07), Rothschild & Sons (07), DBS Bank (07),
Maxis (07), Chase Manhattan Bank (08), ABN Amro Bank (08), Union Bank of Switzerland (08),
Barclays Bank (08), Great Eastern Life Assurance (08), Televison Corporation of Singapore (08),
Lingui Developments (08), TV3 (08), Aquaria (08), CMY Capital (08), Waterfront Bhd (08), Mid Valley (08),
KPMG (09), One Utama (09), Shell (09), KLCC (09), BP (10), AM Bank (10), MAB (10), PJDC (12),
ISG Asia (12), Sunway Engineering (12-13), Citibank (12-13), Google (13), Ebay (13),
HR NetOne (13), People First (13), Berjaya Time Square (13), Sime Darby (13)
D) Hospitality
Singapore Turf Club (02-03), Jurong Bird Park (03-05), Singapore Zoological Gardens (04),
Concord Hotel (07), Jaya J usco (07), Shangri-La Hotel (08), Airtel Transit Hotel (08),Sheraton Hotel(08),
Oriental Mandarin Hotel (08), De Vegas Club (08-09), Swiss Garden Hotel & Service Apartment (10),
Swiss Inn (09), One KL(10), KL Pavilion (10), Secret Receipt (11), Ampang Park SC (11), Everly Hotel (12),
TATE Lounge (12), Hanare (12), Havana CLub (12), Habano Club (12), Plaza Gurney (12),
Ben’s Restaurant (13), Klang P arade (13), Intermark (13), Mines (13), East Residence (13),
Atria Dmanasara (13-14), Tune Hotels (13-14), St. Regis Hotel & Service Apartment (13-14),
Mirage Residence (14), Paragon SOFO Suites & Hotel (13-14), Hotel Equatoria (14-15)

E) Educational
Singapore Polytechnic (04), T emasek Polytechnic (04), NTUC Childcare (04), NUS (05),
Victorial Junior College (05), UNITEM (07) , Sri KDU (08), UiTM (13)

F) Laboratories
Dept. of Scientific Services (03), PORIM (06), Felda (06), Orchid Garden (06), SIRIM (07-08),
Life Science(09), Applied Agricultural Research (10-11)

G) Government Departments
Istana Negara (03), Puspati (04), Inland Revenue (05), Bank Negara (05), Deputy Prime Minister (05),
Primary Production (06), Prime Minister Office (06), Ministry of Defence (07), Ministry of Trade (07),
Ministry of Law (07), Deputy Health Minister(07), Monetary Authority of Singapore (08), National Library (08),
NTUC (08), Sri Perdana (08), DBKL (09), High Courts (09), Putra Jaya Holding (12), JKR (13)