Advanced Power Systems

EE504

Lecture ppt. # 3
• Note:
The materials in this presentation are only for the use of students enrolled in this course in the
specific campus; these materials are for purposes associated with this course and may not be
further disseminated or retained after expiry of the course.

Some of the Contents

Lect. File 3 –
Series compensation a. Control as well as increase of real power flow
b. Improvement of voltage stability
c. Improvement of transient stability
d. Damping of oscillations
e. Sub-synchronous resonance
• Contents for this lecture from the course plan for ODL
 Mistake - it will be 2.
Solve Qp (using 2) for δ/2 =
180. (angle will be δ/2
instead of δ)
And it will come equal to
4Pmax.
Shunt Compensation

Apparently, the concept of Shunt compensation is to increase the

CAPABILITY of the line to transfer power.
However, the actual power transferred still depends on delta and X
(assuming constant end voltages)
 Having a deeper look into the phasor diagram

Voltage across the line

For the uncompensated two machine system impedance – Vx (old)

Apparently, if we assume that the terminal voltages are unchanged, then Vs and Vr This appears
phasors remain where they are, Angle b/w them stays the same, to be a
However, the addition of Xc cancels some of the XL and hence the amount of mistake -
current increases – this increases the voltage drop across the XL – this new voltage
maybe
drop is shown by phasor Vx.
Compare with Vx(old) in compensation-less system. verified in a
simulation.
And lastly, the value of this new Vx may be obtained by adding in Vx(old), the Vr should be
voltage drop across the capacitors on both ends. here.
Let me just make up values to illustrate –
Vx = 10V, Vc(1/2) = 2V
for both capacitors, then net voltage across the line = Vs – Vr = 10 – 2 -2 = 6V (and
it will be the same as in the uncompensated system i.e. it will be the Vx old),
However, individually the Vx-new is now 10V.
A simulation study may verify this.
With the shunt compensation, the real power flow will be:

Also, (similar to slide 10 of LectFile 2) the current may be

derived from the phasor diagram to be equal to

Hence, the reactive power supplied by the capacitors may be

expressed as
So one may say,
To increase the voltage across XL of the line,
You need to introduce the components –j(XC/2)I in the line as
seen in the phasor diagram of slide 9.
With compensation,
the same power peak
is achieved while at a
lower value of delta.
i.e. delta is increasing
 α beyond αL-lim,
causes parallel
resonance at Xc = α beyond αC-lim,
XL(α) makes system
Capacitive

The variations in
Xtotal of the
system may be
checked via
equations 6.10
and 6.11
For small α,
system is
inductive. As α
increases, XL
increases Further increase
of α causes Xc to
decrease until it
reaches its min
value
 You are at liberty to select
Assignment 2 i. any system parameters/values/blocks and
ii. methodology of simulation,
Perform a MATLAB/Simulink simulation for the concept of two machine system as shown here and as can suitably perform the tasks in this assignment.
1. Apply appropriate series compensation (via TCSC) to control and increase the power flow from
sending end to receiving end. Sketch power angle curves (showing P and Q) for the uncompensated
and compensated systems.
2. Sketch the Xc(α) graph for you TCSC system.
3. Lastly, simulate a system disturbance and adjust your series compensation so as to provide
damping to system oscillations as shown in the waveforms.