? .
rest yourself
l Bttance thc following cquations:
a NO+02→ N02
b C3H8+02→ C02+H20
C CaC03+HCl‐ → CaC12+C02+H20
d C2H50H+02→ C02+H20
e W03+H2→ W+H20
■Ｅ Ｅ Ｅ ■ ■
A mixture contains two or more
substances mixed together.
A homogeneous mixture has
the same (uniform) composition
throughout the mixture and
consists of only one phase.
A heterogeneous mixture does
not have uniform comPosition
and consists of separate Phases.
Heterogeneous mixtures can be
separated by mechanical means.
f H202→ 02+H20
g Cr03→ Cr203+02
h A14C3+H20 → CH4+A1203
i HI+H2S04→ H2S+H20+12
j PH3+02 → P4010+H20
Mixtures
Elements and compounds are pure substances but most things around us
are not pure substances but mixtures.'We breathe in air, which is a mixture;
all the foods we eat are mixtures; oxygen is carried around our body by
blood, another mixture.
The components of a mixture can be elements or compounds - or
mixtures! Air is a mixture of mostly elements (nitrogen, oxygen, argon)
with smaller amounts of compounds (carbon dioxide, water vapour etc.).
The components of a mixture are not chemically bonded together and
so retain their individual properties. In a mixture of iron and sulfur, the
iron is shiny and magnetic; the sulfur is yellow and burns in air to form
sulfur dioxide.When the mixture is heated and forms the compound iron
sulfide, this is not shiny or magnetic or yellow - it is dull and grey and has
completely different properties to its elements.
As you saw earlier, when atoms combine to form compounds they do
so in fixed ratios, but the components of a mixture can be mixed together
in any proportion. For example, ethanol and water can be mixed together
in any ratio. Solutions are mixtures and a solution of sodium chloride
could be made by dissolving 1g of sodium chloride in 100cm3 of water
or 2g of sodium chloride in 1O0cm3 water or 10g of sodium chloride in
100cm3 of water or many other amounts.
The components of a mixture can be separated from each other
by physical means - for example a mixture of sand and salt could be
separated by dissolving the salt in water, filtering off the sand and then
heating the salt solution to drive off the water.
Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures
One example of a hornogeneous mixture is a solution. No individual
particles can be seen in the solution and its concentration is the same
throughout. If several 1cm3 samples of a solution of sodium chloride are
taken from a beaker and evaporated separately to dryness, the same mass
of sodium chloride will be formed by each sample. clean air (with no
particulates) is also a homogeneous mixture.
One example of a heterogeneous mixture is sand in a beaker of
water.The sand and water can be distinguished from each other and can
also be separated by filtering.