SHAH SERIES

MS

th
CLASS 7 SCIENCE
ONE LINER NOTES

 According to the new paper composition of NTS&FTS

 Covered full chapters and full book
Key  Notes are compiled from book’s text & exercises
 Prepared form 7th class Science book of KP Textbook Board
Features
 Included MCQs from Past Papers of NTS and FTS
 Conceptual Notes

MUBASIR SHAH
Compiled
&
by
ESHAAL SHEHXADI

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SHAH SERIES
 Mubasir shah
Chapter 1
1. Salivary glands produce saliva which keep
mouth wet.
2. Saliva contains enzyme ptyalin, which
help in digestion of carbohydrates in mouth.
3. Esophagus is a long tube open into
stomach.
4. Stomach is thick wall, sac like structure.
5. Wall of stomach secretes HCl and enzyme
pepsin which help in digestion of protein.
6. Small intestine is long, narrow and coiled
tube, six to eight meters long.
7. First part of small intestine is called
duodenum which is 30 cm long. Here
digestive juices from liver, pancreas meet to
the semi digested food.
8. Second part of small intestine called
jejunum.
9. Last part is called ileum, having finger
like projections present called villi.
10. The digested food is obsorbed into the
blood in the small intestine.
11. Villi absorb nutrients and enter them to
blood.
12. In large intestine, undigested food is
stored.
13. Water is reabsorbed and waste remove
through anus.
14. Vitamin K is synthesized in large
intestine by useful bacteria.
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15. Appendix is not involved in digestion.
16. Liver secretes bile and emulsifies fats.
17. Pancreas produces pancreatic juice help
in digestion of lipid, protein and
carbohydrates.
18. The mechanical breakdown of food
occurs in the mouth and stomach.
19. Break down of food mechanically done
by stomach and teeth also called physical
digestion.
20. Chemically digestion done by different
enzymes.
21. Larynx also called sound box.
22. Upper part of trachea is connected with
pharynx through an opening called glottis.
23. A cartilaginous flap cover glottis called
epiglottis.
24. During swallowing, glottis is covered by
epiglottis while during inhalation it remains
open.
25. In thoracic cavity, trachea divides into
two bronchus.
26. The alternative name of trachea is wind
pipe.
27. Bronchus enter into lungs divide into
bronchioles, bronchioles open into air sacs
called alveoli.
 Mubasir shah 7th Class Science

28. Lungs are pair of hollow, spongy organs.

29. Lungs have about 700 million alveoli.
30. Thick muscular membrane, called
diaphragm separate lungs from abdominal
cavity.
39. Sanatorium is a hospital for TB patients.
40. 9 months medication given to TB
patients.
41. Cancer is an uncontrolled cell division.

31. Mechanism of inhalation:
*diaphragm dome shape in relax state
* diaphragm contract
*rib muscles contract, ribcage move upward
* increase size of chest cavity, lungs expand
*air pressure within alveoli lowers
32. Mechanism of exhalation:
* diaphram relax
* ribcage moves down and inward
* lungs contract due to high pressure and air
pushed outward.
42. Cell of cancer can break away from the
original tumor and spread to other parts of
body called metastasis.
43. About 90% cancer caused by tobacco
use.
44. Cigarette smoke contains 4,000
chemicals.
45. Along tobacco use, air pollution is
another cause of cancer.

33. Chemical breakdown of food to release

energy is called respiration. Chapter 2
1. In unicellular and less complex organisms
34. Respiration takes place as much lower
transport of materials occur through
temperature, as compared to combustion
diffusion.
35. Energy released in combustion in the 2. Heart is a pumping organ present in chest
form of heat, while in respiration energy cavity above diaphragm.
released in form of ATP.
3. Heart is protected by pericardium.
36. When both lungs are infected due to
4. Heart has cardiac muscles.
pneumonia, called double pneumonia.
5. The blood from the heart is transported to
37. TB is caused by bacteria Mycobacterium
all the parts of body by the arteries.
tuberculosis commonly effect lungs.
6. Auricles are smaller and thin, while
38. TB bacteria also cause effect on central
ventricles are larger and thick.
nervous system (disease caused meningitis),
7. Arteries carry blood away from heart.
lymphatic system, and urinogenital system.

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8. Veins bring blood towards heart.
9. Largest artery is called aorta while largest
vein is vena cava.
10. Right auricle receives deoxygenated
blood from body through vena cava.
11. From right auricle blood enter into right
ventricle through tricuspid valve.
12. When heart contract, deoxygenated blood
from right ventricle pump into lungs through
pulmonary artery.
13. Through pulmonary vein oxygenated
blood from lungs enter into left auricle.
14. Oxygenated blood from left auricle
enters into left ventricle by bicuspid valve.
15. Oxygenated blood from left ventricle
pushed into aorta and distributed to whole
body.
16. Blood absorb oxygen from lungs.
17. ECG tells us about internal condition of
heart.
18. Pacemaker present in right atrium.
19. Food is prepared in leaves which is
stored in vacuole of the leaves.
20. Synthesis of carbohydrates take place in
leaves.
21. Transport of water from roots in the
plants take place through xylem.
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22. Phloem vessels start from leaves, while
xylem vessels start from root.
23. Mesophyll cells in leaves absorb gases.
24. The evaporation of water from leaves is
called transpiration.
Chapter 3
1. Amphibians, fishes and many
invertebrates lay eggs in water which hatch
into larvae.
2. Sponges and coelenterates show asexual
reproduction.
3. Asexual reproduction in plants done by
budding, cutting and layering.
4. Potato is asexually produced through
tubes
5. Sepals also known as calyx are green leaf
like parts which protect inner parts in bud
condition.
6. Sepal is not a reproductive structure.
7. Petals also called corolla are brightly
colored leaves attract insects.
8. Stamen also called androecium and male
sex organ of flower.
9. Stamen consists of anther and filament.
10. Anther is filled with male sex cells called
pollen grains.
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11. Carpels also called gynoecium is the
female sex organ of flower.
12. Carpel consists of swollen basal part
called ovary in which female sex cell ovule
are present.
13. Neck of ovary is called style and upper
expanded part is called stigma.
14. For pollination the plants must be of
same species.
15. Cross pollination produces stronger
plants.
16. Cross pollination is brought about by
different agents called pollinators.
17. Self pollination occurs between same or
different flowers of the same plant.
18. There are about 200,000 varieties of
animal pollinators.
19. Nectar present in nectarines.
20. Wind pollinated pollens are light and
bear wings e.g. grass species, sweet
chestnuts, conifers etc.
21. As pollen grain reach stigma, a pollen
tube arise and pass through style enter into
ovary , nucleus of pollen grain fuse with the
nucleus of ovule, fertilization occur.
22. After fertilization, ovary enlarges and
form fruit.
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23. The ovarian wall becomes fruit wall
called pericarp.
24. The ovules become seed.
25. Fruit is ripened ovary of plant.
26. Sexual reproduction of plants takes place
by pollination.
27. Walls of ovary store food.
.
Chapter 4
1. Everything which is present in
surrounding of a living organism is called
environment.
2. An ecosystem is the basic functional unit
of environment.
3. Ecology is called as environmental
biology.
4. An area where living organisms interact
with each other and with their physical
(nonliving) environment is called ecology.
5. Ecosystem is the basic unit of ecology.
6. Living place of an organism is called
habitat.
7. Ecosystem may be big like a desert and
very small like aquarium.
8. Primary consumers directly feed on plants
e.g. cow, goat, rabbit, deer, elephant, horse
etc.
9. Animals which eat flesh of herbivores if
called secondary consumers e.g. lion, tiger,
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spider etc.
10. The meat eaters are also known as
carnivores.
11. Those animals which feed on secondary
consumers called tertiary consumers or
omnivores e.g. human beings, bear, sparrow
etc.
12. Bat, cat, dog are active during night time
to avoid food competition.
13. In winter most cold blooded animals
disappear because they hibernate.
14. Frogs reproduce in rainy seasons.
15. Flow of energy from plants to animals
appears in chain form called food chain.
16. Food chains:
� Grass➡Goat➡lion
� Grass➡Cow➡Man
� Leaves➡Insect➡Birds➡Cat
� Aquatic plants➡Insects larvae➡Frog➡
Small fish➡Large fish➡Man
17. Place of an organism in a food chain is
called trophic level.
18. First food chain has three trophic levels
and fourth chain has six trophic levels.
19. Energy is highest in beginning and
gradually becomes lesser down the food
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chain.
20. Shorter the food chain, greater will be the
energy available.
21. Many food chains unite to make a food
web.
22. A fox eat rabbits, but also catch beetles,
rats and sometime birds.
Chapter 5
1. Percentage of water on earth surface is
about 70%.
2. 97.4% of the world total water constitutes
oceans which is not drinkable due to large
amount of salts.
3. 2.6% of world's water is fresh, which is
consisting of ground water (0.592%), ice
caps and glaciers (1.984%) and readily
accessible water (0.014%).
4. Pesticides and fertilizers are the source of
agriculture waste.
5. Water having calcium magnesium and
sodium metals are make water resistant to
soap is called hard water.
6. Distillation is a technique of filtration.
7. Distillation is a process in which volatile
substances are separated from non volatile
substances.
8. Distillation consists of two processes
boiling and condensation.
 Mubasir shah
9. Coagulation means special compounds to
remove dirt particles from water.
10. Chlorine gas kills bacteria germs from
water.
11. Suspended particles from drinking water
are removed by potash alum.
Chapter 6
1. Word atom originates from 'atoms' means
indivisible.
2. Atom is made from smaller particles
called subatomic particles i.e. electron,
proton ,neutron.
3. Proton and neutron are heavier make up
denser central core of atom called nucleus.
4. Electrons are light revolving around
nucleus.
5. Electron has negative charge, proton have
positive and neutron are neutral having no
charge.
6. Relative mass of electron is 1/1836
(0.00054)
7. Relative mass of proton and neutron is 1.
8. Atom as a whole is neutral particle, it
means that the number of positively charged
particles is equal to the number of negatively
charged particles.
9. Number of proton in nucleus of an atom is
called atomic number represented by Z.
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10. Mass number is sum of proton and
neutron represented by A.
11. An atom of carbon contains 6 protons
and 6 neutrons ' its mass number will be 12.
12. Atomic number of some elements:
Hydrogen 1,helium 2,lithium 3, beryllium4,
boron 5, carbon 6, nitrogen 7, oxygen 8,
fluorine 9, neon 10, sodium 11, magnesium
12, aluminum 13, silicon 14, phosphorus 15,
sulpher 16, chlorine 17, argon 18.
13. Mass number of some elements :
Hydrogen1,helium 4,lithium 7,beryllium
9,boron11, carbon 12,nitrogen 14,oxygen
16,flurine 19, neon 20,sodium 23,magnesium
24,aluminium 27,silicon 28,phosphorus
31,sulpher 32,chlorine 35,argon40.
14. Paths or orbit is called shells.
15. Combining capacity or strength of atom
to form bond is called valiancy.
16. An element has seven electrons in its
valance shell' its valency is 1.
17. Valiancy of some common elements:
Hydrogen +1, helium 0, lithium +1, carbon
4, potassium +1, aluminum +3, oxygen -2,
fluorine -1.
18.Such a specie in which the number of
electrons and protons are not equal is called
ion.
19. An ion is formed when an atom gain or
loses and electron.
20. When an atom lose electron, it form
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positive ion also called caution.
21. When an atom gain electron, it form
negative ion also called anion.
22. Atom having same atomic number but
different mass number is called isotopes.
23. Isotopes have the same number of
protons in each atom but the neuron number
cab vary.
24. Hydrogen gas has three isotopes :
protium, deuterium, and tritium.
25. Isotope cobalt -60 used in cancer.
26. Symbolic representation of a chemical
compound is called chemical formula e.g.
H2O
27. All pure samples of the same chemical
compounds contain the same element in the
same proportion by mass is called law of
constant composition or law of definite
proportion. For example pure sample of
carbon dioxide is obtained by burning carbon
in air or heating the metal carbonates i.e.
27.3% carbon and 72.7% oxygen. A sample
of water will be composed of 11.11%
hydrogen and 88.89% oxygen by mass.
Chapter 7
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1. All such changes or processes during
which chemical composition of substances
does not change are called physical changes.
2. The process in which the chemical change
always produce one or more substances
entirely different in composition and
properties from those that existed before the
changed occurred is called chemical change.
Example is rusting of iron
3. Fuels are substances used as source of
energy.
4. The main constituent in natural gas is
methane, which is up to 85-90%.
5. KCl obtained from deposits of earth crust.
6. Sylvite, is mixture of KCl and NaCl.
7. Straight fertilizers are solid nitrogen
containing fertilizers sold in pellet form e.g.
ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and
urea.
8. NPK compounds fertilizers are mixtures
that supply the three essential elements lost
from soil by extensive uses e.g. nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium.
9. High level of nitrate in drinking water
cause diseases in small babies ,it affects the
hemoglobin and oxygen will not carry
properly. This causes blue baby syndrome.
10. Animal fats and vegetable oil are a class
of chemical compounds called esters.
11. Plastic are polymers.
12. Polythene is a polymer.
13. When ethane gas is subjected to high
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pressure and temperature. It forms plastic
called polythene.
14. A polymer chain may be 50,000
monomers units long.
15. Word plastic means pliable or moldable.
16. Low density polythene is made by
compressing ethane and oxygen to about
2000 atmospheric pressure at temp. Of
200°C. This is called polymerization
reaction.
17. Saponification is process or reaction of
fats or fatty acids with sodium hydroxide.
18. Vegetable oil is converted into a solid fat
by the process called hydrogenation.
19. Hydrocarbons are the compounds of
carbon and hydrogen.
20. The products of burning hydrocarbons
are carbon dioxide and water.
Chapter 8
1. Conduction is transfer of heat from one
solid to another or the transfer of heat energy
by direct contact.
2. The heat in a metal rod flows by the
process of conduction.
3. Materials which do not allow heat to pass
through them are called insulators e.g. wood,
plastic, air
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4. Gases are bad conductors.
5. The process of heat transfer from a hotter
place to a colder place by actual movement
of the particles of the medium is known as
convection.
6. Convection is described as the movement
of particles of gases and liquids away from a
heat source to form currents.
7. Coastal breeze is also produced by
convection.
8. Convection occurs only in liquids and
solids.
9. Birds take advantage of upward
movement of air is called thermals.
10. Many large birds wait on the ground
until 11'O clock in the morning for the
thermals to form.
11. Neither conduction nor convection takes
place in vacuum.
12. The heat and energy transfer from a
hotter place to a colder place with or without
having a material medium in between is
called radiation.
13. All bodies whether cold or hot radiates
heat.
14. A vacuum flask or thermos flask is a
flask which aims to stop all three forms of
heat transfer.
15. Black and dark colored clothes are worn
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in cold climates because these are poor
reflector and good absorber.
Chapter 9
1. When light enters from one medium into
another it bends slightly from its original
path. This is called refraction of light.
2. Refraction occur because of difference in
the speed of light in the two media.
3. The medium in which light travel faster is
called rarer medium whereas the medium in
which light travels slower is called denser
medium.
4. Air is rarer than water and glass.
5. When light goes from air into glass, it
bend towards the normal at the interface thus
angle of refraction is smaller than angle of
incidence.
6. When light leaves the glass, it bends away
from normal thus angle of refraction is
greater than angle of incidence.
7. The general law of refraction is that when
light travel from rarer medium to denser
medium it bends towards normal.
Conversely, when light travel from denser to
rarer medium it bends away from normal.
8. If the incidence ray falls normally to the
surface of glass slab, then there is no
bending of ray of light and it goes straight.
9. Speed of light in air is 3✖10 power eight
m/s.
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10. Speed of light in glass is 2✖10 power
eight m/s.
11. Refractive index of a medium gives an
indication of light bending ability to that
medium.
12. Refractive index of glass is greater than
water.
13. Refractive index is usually represented
by 'n'.
14. Ratio of speed of light in vacuum to the
speed of light in a medium is called
refractive index of that medium.
15. Refractive index of glass is 1.5.
16. Refractive index of some substances:
Air 1.00003, ice 1.31, water 1.33, alcohol
1.36, sulphuric acid 1.43, kerosene 1.44,
benzene 1.50, crown glass 1.52, carbon
disulphide 1.63, dense flint glass 1.65, ruby
1.71, sapphire 1.77,diamond 2.42.
17. The angle the ray makes with the normal
inside the glass is called critical angle.
18. If the ray hit the surface at an angle
greater than the critical angle, then all of the
light is reflected. This is called total internal
reflection.
19. In the deserts' mirage is seen due to total
internal reflection.
20. Periscope is long tube at the two ends of
which are adjusted to two totally reflected
prisms. The rays of light from an object are
totally reflected through an angle of 90° by
each prism. These are used in tanks and
submarines.
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21. In 1665, newton discovered that white
light consist of seven colors.
22. Seven colors of spectrum denoted by
VIBGYOR.
23. Splitting up of white light into seven
colors on passing through transparent
medium like glass prism is called dispersion
of light.
24. Rainbow is produced by the dispersion of
sunlight by tiny ratio drops suspended in the
air.
25. Red, green and blue are primary colors of
light.
26. Red and blue color makes magenta.
27. Blue and green color makes cyan blue
color.
28. Red and green color makes yellow.
29. Red, green and blue color makes white
color.
30. Yellow and blue makes white color.
31. Red and blue cyan makes white color.
32. Green and magenta makes white color.
33. Any two colors which make white color
is called complementary colors.
Chapter 10
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1. A wave in which the particles of the
medium vibrate back and forth in the same
direction in which the wave is moving is
called longitudinal waves.
2. Sound waves are longitudinal.
3. Speed of sound in various materials:
� dry air at 0°C: 332m/s
� dry air at 20°C: 344m/s
� water at 20°C: 1498m/s
� sea water at 0°C: 1531m/s
� blood at 37°C: 1570m/s
� iron or steel at 20°C: 5130m/s
� glass at 20°C: 3962m/s
4. Vacuum is the worst mediam for
transmitting sound waves.
5. When the vibrating particles move further
apart from one another than they normally
are, then there is a momentary increase in
volume and a rarefaction is formed.
6. Compression is that part of longitudinal
waves in which particles of the medium are
closer to one another than they normally are,
and there is momentary reduction in volume
of the medium.
7. In a compression there is temporary
increase in the density of a medium, and in
rarefaction there is a temporary decrease in
the density of a medium through which
longitudinal wave’s passes.
8. A wave in which particles of medium
vibrate up and down perpendicular to the
direction in which the wave is moving is
called transverse waves e.g transverse waves
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produced in rope, water waves forms on
surface of water pond.
9. Distance between two consecutive crests
or two consecutive troughs of a transverse
wave is called wavelength, denoted by
lambda. S.I unit of wavelength is meter.
10. Maximum displacement of particles of
medium from their original undisturbed
position is called amplitude of wave.
11. Time taken to complete one vibration is
called time period.
12. Number of vibrations per second is
called frequency, unit is hertz.
13. Distance travelled by wave in one second
is called velocity of wave, unit is m/s.
14. 1 hertz is equal to one vibration per
second.
15. Characteristics of sound by which a shrill
sound can be distinguished from a grave one
are called pitch of sound. Greater the
frequency , higher will be pitch.
16. Frequency of ladies and children is high
so pitch is also high.
17. Characteristic of sound by which loud
and faint sound can be distinguished is called
loudness of sound. It depends on area of
vibrating body, amplitude of vibrating body
and distance from vibrating body.
18. Sounds of frequency beyond 20,000
hertz are inaudible sounds.
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19. Old people cannot hear sounds even
above 15,000 hertz.
20. A human ear can hear a sound only if its
frequency lies between 20 to 20000 Hz.
21. Audible sound frequency of dog is high
than humans, whose frequency lies between
20,000 hertz to 50,000 hertz.
Chapter 11
1. Charge in motion produce current.
2. Flow of electron through the circuit is
called current.
3. The complete path for the flow of current
through the wires, the cell, and the filament
of bulb is called a circuit.
4. The type of circuit in which the bulbs are
connected end to end and provide a single
path for current flow is called series circuit.
For example, Christmas light strings,
batteries in remote.
5. The type of circuit in which one end of
each bulb is connected to the positive
terminal of battery and other end of the bulb
is connected to negative terminal of the
battery is called parallel circuit. For example,
a chandelier, electric appliances in houses.
6. When connecting cells in series, you must
connect positive of one to the negative of
other, while connecting cells in parallel, you
must connect positive of one to the positive
of other.
7. An electric current 'I' is a measure of the
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rate of flow of electric charge 'Q' through a
given cross section of conductor. I=Q/t
8. S.I unit of charge is coulomb 'C'.
9. S.I unit for current is ampere 'A'.
10. A current of one ampere is a flow of
charge at the rate of one coulomb per second.
11. Current is measured by ammeter.
12. Current flowing in a wire always gives
rise to magnetic field around it. When
electric current is passed through copper
sulphate solution, then chemical reaction
take place to form copper metal, sulphuric
acid and oxygen gas.
13. Chemical effect of current is used in :
* in electroplating
* in metal extraction
* in purification of metal
14. Difference in the electrical potential of
the charges is called potential difference or
voltage.
15. V= w/Q
16. Unit of voltage is volt.
17. One volt is the potential difference
between two points when one joule of
energy is used to move one coulomb of
charge from one point to other.
18. Voltage is measured by voltmeter.
19. Greater the potential difference , greater
will be the current.
20. The current through a resistor
(conductor) is directly proportional to the
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potential difference across the ends of the
conductor, provided the temperature remains
constant is called ohm law. V=IR
21. The opposition offered to the flow of
current is called resistance.
22. Thin wires have more resistance than
thick wires.
23. Earthling means to connect the metal
case of electrical appliance to the earth by
means of a metal wire called earth wire.
24. The earth wire is used to prevent
electrical shocks.
25. Fuse is a device having a short length of
thin wire made up of tin or tin lead alloy
having low melting point, which melts and
break the circuit if current exceed.
26. Fuse is used to prevent excessive current.
27. Fuse wire is connected in series in the
electric circuits.
28. Kilowatt hour is the energy used by a
device at a rate of 1000 watts in one hour.
29. The larger unit of electricity is kilowatt.
30. Two kilowatt hours is the energy about
720000 joule.
31. Voltmeter connected is parallel in a
circuit.
Chapter 12
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1. Earth is planet like all other planets, 12. Distance between stars is measured in
revolve around sun. light year.

2. Stars occur in the form of clusters of 13. Each second 600000000 tons of
billions of stars called galaxies. hydrogen is converted to helium in the sun.

3. Galaxies are the building blocks of 14. One light year is the distance covered by
universe. light in one year.

4. Edwin hobbles is an astronomer observed 15. Light rays travel at a speed of 300,000
that galaxies are not stationary in universe. km/s.

5. Big bang theory of origin of earth was 16. After sun, the nearest star is alpha
proposed by Edwin hobbles. centaury whose distance is 4.5 light years.

6. According to big bang theory, all matter in 17. Light from sun reaches to earth in about
universe was originally concentrated in one 8 minutes.
micro meter. About 15 billion years ago, this 18. Sun is about 8 light minutes away from
super dense and extremely hot atom earth.
exploded with a big bang and matter started
flying in all directions through space leading 19. Group of stars is constellation.
the formation of galaxies of stars and other
20. Star pattern are still used by astronomer
heavenly bodies.
to make star map.
7. According to the steady state theory of
21. Milky way galaxy is spiral type galaxy,
universe, the universe is unchanging, it
contain hundred billion stars, rotating slowly
appears the same at all times and at all
around the center.
points. The universe did not have a
beginning and did not have an end. 22. Andromeda galaxy is spiral galaxy ,
contain arms and younger stars out from the
8. Stars are heavenly bodies, hot and have
old star at the center are generated.
light of their own.
23. A black hole is an object with such a
9. Every star is huge mass and has hotness
strong gravitational field that even light
gases and flames coming out of it.
cannot escape from its surface.
10. Stars are made up of vast clouds of 24. Stars are formed in huge clouds of gas
hydrogen gas, helium and dust. and dust called nebulae, sun is formed in a
nebulae about 4.5 billion years ago.
11. In all stars hydrogen atoms are 25. The Milky way is spiral .
continuously being converted into helium
atoms and large amount of energy in the
form of heat and light is released.

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