Diversity of Life – Animals

ANNELIDA
(earthworms, leeches, marine worms)

A Phylogeny of the Animal Phyla

No true tissues
Porifera
radial symmetry
Cnidaria
diploblastic

Ctenophora
Acoelomates
Platyhelminthes
Pseudocoelomates
Rotifera
Nematoda
Nemertea
Protostomes
Mollusca
true tissues

Annelida
Arthropoda
Bilateral symmetry

triploblastic
Bryozoa
Lophophorate
phyla

Body
cavity

Phoronida
Coelomates

Brachiopoda
Echinodermata
Deuterostomes
Chordata
Annelida - earthworms, leeches, marine worms

Annelida - earthworms, leeches, marine worms

Annelids are:


• coelomates


• segmented*

Annelida - a significant improvement in body



architecture

SEGMENTATION

Dividing the body into smaller

repeated units

 Annelida - a significant improvement in body



architecture

SEGMENTATION - Why??

1. Allows more precise movement - reorient and twist part of the body

Annelida - a significant improvement in body



architecture

SEGMENTATION - Why??

2. Allows muscle contraction without bulging

mesoderm = muscle

If muscle contracts without segments

Remember the standard

coelomate body plan.

contracting area

 Annelida - a significant improvement in body



architecture

SEGMENTATION - Why??

2. Allows muscle contraction without bulging

If muscle contracts without segments
If muscle contracts with segments

Area of contraction is restricted

Annelida - Who are they

Oligochaetes - the earthworms

All are terrestrial

All use setae (hairs anchored) in

the body wall to aid in locomotion

Annelida - Who are they

Polychaetes - the marine segmented worms

All are marine

All use parapodia to aid in

locomotion

Annelida - Who are they

Hirudinea - leeches

Several are parasites

Segmentation is reduced

Have sucker discs for attachment

 Annelida - Structure
Dorsal vessel – closed
circulatory system, conducts
blood through body

Longitudinal muscles – turn
body side to side in
locomotion

Septum – partially isolates segments
from one another

Circular muscles – generate
waves of contraction to allow
Metanephridium – excretory
the body to move forward

organ

Chetae - stiffened
hairs that anchor in
the substrate and aid
in locomotion

Clitellum – thickened tissue

used in reproduction

Ventral nerve cord
Cerebral ganglion –”brain”

Mouth

Gizzard -

Pharynx

Crop

 Annelida - Structure

Note repetition of structures

Annelida - Locomotion

Annelida – Aids to Locomotion

Chaetae

Parapodia

Earthworm Reproduction

Polychaetes

Lugworm
Christmas tree worm
Feather duster worm

Fireworm

Hirudinea - Leeches

Hirudinea - Leeches

Note: reduced complexity in

digestive system

Annuli are not segments

Leech - locomotion

Leech Feeding

Inject anticoagulant - hirudin

(only about 10% feed on blood)

A Possible Annelid Phylogeny

Oligochaeta

Hirudinea

Polychaeta

Taxa we have looked at so far

Phylum
Class
Order

Porifera
Calcarea

Demospongia

Hexactinellida

Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria (free-living)

Trematoda (flukes)

Cestoda (tapeworms)

Mollusca
Polyplacophora (chitons)

Gastropoda (snails,slugs)

Bivalvia (clams, oysters)

Cephalopoda (octopus, squid)

Annelida
Oligochaeta (earthworms)

Hirudinea (leeches)

Polychaeta (marine worms)