Eudimorphodon and other early pterosaurs

Pterossauros
Eudimorphodontideae
Genusame: Eudimorphodon
Speciesname: ranzii
Describer: Zambelli, 1973
Distribution: Zorzino limestones, Cene, Italy
Timeperiod: Middle to Upper Norian, Late Triassic
Size: Skull length = 6 cm. Wingspan = 1 m.
Diet:
Info: = Endimorphodon Chaline, 1990 [sic]
(Eudimorphodon ranzii = true two form tooth) One of
the oldest kown pterosaurs, known from a number of
crushed, articulated specimens of which one is a
juvenile. Eudimorphodon is among the oldest known
pterosaurs. The tips of the lower jaws bend down the
front teeth are long, widely spaced and pointed. The side
teeth are small, tightly packed and mult-cusped. The tail
is thick and the legs are rather short.
Dimorphodontidae
Parafamily: Dimorphodontidae (nom. emend. ex Dimorphodontae) Seeley, 1870

= Dimorphodontinae Hooley, 1913 = Dimorphodontidae Nopcsa, 1923
Genusame: Dimorphodon
Speciesname: macronyx
Describer: (Buckland, 1829) Owen, 1859
Distribution: Lyme Regis region, Dorset and Gloucestershire, England
Timeperiod: Sinemurian, Early Jurassic
Size: Skull length = 21.5 cm Overal length = 1 m., Spanwide 1,4 meter
Diet:
Info: Genus: Dimorphodon Owen, 1859 = Dimorphodon Owen, 1858 [nomen
nudum]
D. macronyx = Pterodactylus macronyx Buckland, 1829 = Dimorphodon macronyx

(Buckland, 1829) Owen, 1858 [nomen nudum]= Rhamphorhynchus macronyx
(Buckland, 1829) von Meyer, 1857 (as Pterodactylus (Rhamphorhynchus)
macronyx) = Pterodactylus (Dimorphodon) macroynx Owen, 1874 [sic] =
Pterodactylus mardeni Owen, 1874 [sic] = Pterodactylus marderi Owen, 1874
[nomen dubium] Dimorphodon weintraubi Clark, Hopson, Hernández, Fastovsky &
Montellano, 1998
This primitive pterosaur is characterized by a long deep light build skull with large
fenestra's separated by small bony strokes. The stiffened tail was long and the
first sex vertebrates of the tail were short and flexible, the remaining
tailvertebrates were long indicating the tail was only flexible at the begin and
probably was used for stearing during flight. The hindlegs were long and powerfull.
Only a few specimen are known and with the exception of Peteinosaurus zambellii
from the Late Triassic of Italy they all were found in, England.
Name means "two form tooth, big claw" Known by a few specimens, all of which
are crushed and disarticulated although certain elements remain uncrushed. The
skull is remarkable for its large size, lightened by the reduction of bone to thin
struts. The front teeth are very long and the side teeth along the lower jaw are
very tiny. The torso is relatively short with fewer ribs than in most pterosaurs. The
hand claws, as in all dimorphodontids, are very large.
Dimorphodon macronyx
Genusame: Peteinosaurus
Speciesname: zambellii
Describer: Wild, 1978
Distribution: Zorzino limestones, Cene, northern Italy
Timeperiod: Norian, Late Triassic
Size: Wingspan = 60 cm.
Diet:
Info: Genus: Peteinosaurus Wild, 1978 = Peteinosausus Chaline, 1990 [sic]
(Peteinosaurus zambellii = winged saurian of Zambelli) Peteinosaurus was

discoevered in the same formation as Eudimorphodon and is best known from an
incomplete, crushed, articulated skeleton lacking a skull and neck.
Anurognathidae
The Anurognathids formed a group of small pterosaurs strongly related to the

Dimorphodontids. The tail was shorter, the legs long and good develped, the neck
was short, the snout and nostrils smaller, the beak broad and the teeth small and
peg-like.
Ancestors: Dimorphodontidae
Distribution: Laurasia (Germany and Kazachstan)
Timeperiod: Kimmeridgian-Titonian, Late Jurassic
Size: Skulll 3-5 cm. Spanwide 30-50 cm.
Diet: Insects and small vertebrates
Descendants: non
Info: Parafamily: Aunrognathidae Kuhn, 1967 = Anurognathinae Nopcsa, 1928

Genusame: Anurognathus
Speciesname: ammoni
Describer: Döderlein, 1923
Distribution: Eichstätt limestone, Germany
Timeperiod: Late Jurassic
Size: Skull length = 3 cm in length Spanwide 50 cm.
Diet:
Info: = Anuroganthus Young, 1964 [sic] Anurognathus from the Late Jurassic of
Germany was one of the last Rhamphorhynchoidae, this is reflected by the
abcense of a long tail, with a spanwide of 30 cm. this is one of the smallest known
pterosaurs. The skull was relatively small and the jaws gave space to small blunt
teeth.
Anurognathus ammoni
Genusame: Batrachognathus
Speciesname: volans
Describer: Riabinin, 1948
Distribution: Karatau Mountains, Kazachstan
Size: Skull length = 4.8 cm. Wingspan = 50 cm.
Diet:
Info: Known from two disarticulated and crushed specimens. This pterosaur has a
broad skull and short, widely-spaced teeth. The wing claws are large. The toe
bones are very short close to the foot, like Sordes and other anurognathids. The
sternum is very broad and not very deep.
Genusame: Dendrorhynchoides
Speciesname: curvidentatus
Describer: Ji S. & Ji Q., 1998/Yin & Zeng, 1995
Distribution: Chaomidianzi Formation, Beipiao City, western Liaoning Province,
China
Timeperiod: Tithonian, Late Jurassic
Size: Skull length = 3 cm. Overal length = over 12 cm. Wingspan = 48 cm.
Diet:
Info: = ( Dendrorhynchus curvidentatus = tree beak, curved teeth)
D.curvidentatus horiginally described as a rhamphorhynchoid has a short, lightly
constructed face a short, thin fourth wing finger phalanx, large manual claws,
appressed metatarsals and a short thin tail.
Genusame: Nesodactylus
Speciesname: hesperius
Describer: Colbert, 1969
Distribution: western Cuba
Timeperiod: Oxfordian, Late Jurassic
Size:
Diet:
Info: Nesodactylus = Nesodon Jensen & Ostrom, 1977/Owen, 1840 [sic] N.
hesperius Colbert, 1969 = Nesodon hesparius Jensen & Ostrom, 1977 [sic]
This genus is listed in an as-yet-unnamed new family with Comodactylus by Unwin
(in Benton, 1993). Referred to this family provisionally.
(Nesodactylus hesperius =island finger of the west)
Discovered in the lab at the American Museum in the 1960s when a chunk of
Jurassic limestone collected 50 years earlier was being prepared in acid. The
length of the first wing finger phalanx indicates it is an anurognathid.
Campylognathoididae
Named in 1928 by scientist Strand, the name means "curved claw form".
The Campylognathoididae lived during the Early Jurassic in Europe.
Family: Campylognathoididae Unwin, 1992 = Campylognathoidinae Kuhn, 1967 =

Eudimorphodontidae Wellnhofer, 1978
Genusame: Campylognathoides
Speciesname: indicus
Describer: Jain, 1974
Distribution: Chanda distict, India
Timeperiod: Early Jurassic
Size:
Diet:
Info:
Speciesname: liasicus
Describer: (Quenstedt, 1858) Wild, 1971
Distribution: Wurtemburg and Holzmaden, Sourthern Germany
Size: Skull length max.13 cm. Wing span max. 1.75 m.
Diet:
Info: Campylognathoides = Camplyognathus Romer, 1966 [sic] =
Campylognathus F. Plieninger, 1894/Reuter, 1890 = Compylognathoides Jain &
Roychowdhury, 1987 [sic] = Compylognathus Coombs, 1972 [sic]
Campylognathoides liasicus = Pterodactylus liasicus Quenstedt, 1858 =

Campylognathus liasicus (Quenstedt, 1858) F. Plieninger, 1907
(Campylognathoides liasicus =curved jaw of the Liassic)
Named for the crooked ends of its jaws. Known from less than a half dozen
crushed specimens, some of which are complete and articulated.
Campylognathoides liasucus
Speciesname: zitteli
Describer: (F. Plieninger, 1894) Strand, 1928
Distribution: Europe
Size:
Diet:
Info:= Campylognathus zitteli F. Plieninger, 1894
Rhamphorhynchidae
Consitst mainly out of Rhamphorhynchus en Dorygnathus.
Family: Rhamphorhynchidae (nom. emend. ex Rhamphorhynchae) Seeley, 1870 =

Angustinaripterinae He, Yan & Su, 1983 = Parapsicephalinae Kuhn, 1967 =
Ramphorhynchidae Nopcsa, 1923 [sic] = Rhamphorhynchidae von Zittel, 1887–90
= Rhamphorhynchinae Nopcsa, 1928 = Scaphognathidae Hooley, 1913 =
Scaphognathinae Kuhn, 1967 = Scaphognathoidea Hooley, 1913
Dorygnathus
Genusame: Angustinaripterus
Speciesname: longicephalus
Describer: He, Yan & Su, 1983
Distribution: Sichuan, Dashanpu Quarry near Zigong, China
Timeperiod: Middle Jurassic
Size: Skull length = 16.5 cm.
Diet:
Info: Angustinaripterus = Angustinarhipterus Dong, 1987 [sic]
A. longicephalus He, Yan & Su, 1983 = Angustinarhipterus congicephalus Dong,

1987 [sic] = Angustinarhipterus longicephalus Dong, 1992 [sic]
Angustinaripterus is represented by a uncrushed specimen that displays the

narrowing of the naris and the narrowing of the maxilla process separating the
naris from the preorbital opening. In pterodactyloids this maxilla process is absent
creating a confluent naris and preorbital opening. Angustinaripterus represents the
closest known sister group to the pterodactyloids. The proportionately great length
of the skull is similar to that found in pterodactyloids.
Speciesname: indicus
Describer:
Distribution: Deccan, India
Size:
Diet:
Info:
Campylognathoides liasicus
Speciesname: liasicus
Describer:
Distribution: Germany
Size:
Diet:
Info: Characteristics are the very large forward pointed front and a sharp lower
mandible, and a long stiffened tail.
Speciesname: zitteli
Describer:
Size:
Diet:
Info:
Genusame: Dorygnathus
Speciesname: banthensis
Describer: (Theodori, 1830) Wagner, 1860
Size:
Diet:
Info: = Pterodactylus (Ornithocephalus) banthensis Theodori, 1830 =
Pterodactylus banthensis (Theodori, 1830) Theodori, 1831 = Dimorphodon
banthensis (Theodori, 1830) Owen, 1861 = Ornithocephalus banthensis (Theodori,
1830) Newton, 1888 = Rhamphorhynchus banthensis (Theodori, 1830) Theodori,
1852 = Pterodactylus goldfussi Theodori, 1830 [nomen dubium] =
Rhamphorhynchus goldfussi (Theodori, 1830) [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus
macronyx von Meyer, 1831 non Buckland, 1829 [nomen dubium] =
Rhamphorhynchus macronyx (von Meyer, 1831) von Meyer, 1860 [nomen
dubium] = Pterodactylus ensirostris Theodori, 1852 [as Pterodactylus
(Rhamphorhynchus) (ensirostris) banthensis; nomen oblitum]
Genusame: Dorygnathus
Speciesname: mistelgauensis
Describer:
Size:
Diet:
Info:
Genusame: Odontorhynchus
Speciesname: aculeatus
Describer: Stolley, 1936/Pelzeln, 1868
Size:
Diet:
Info: [nomen dubium]
Genusame: Parapsicephalus
Speciesname: purdoni
Describer: (Newton, 1888) Arthaber, 1918
Distribution: alum shales, Yorkshire Coast, England
Timeperiod: Toarcian, Early Jurassic
Size: Skull length = 14cm.
Diet:
Info: Parapsicephalus Arthaber, 1918 = Parapsicethalus Romer, 1966 [sic]
P. purdoni (Newton, 1888) Arthaber, 1918 = Scaphognathus purdoni Newton,

1888 = Parapsicephalus pourdoni Arthaber, 1919 [sic] = Scaphognathus pourdoni
Arthaber, 1919 [sic]
(Parapsicephalus purdoni = double-vaulted skull of Reverend

Purdon) Parapsiscephalus unusually long skull was discovered in the 1880s it was
the first pteroaur specimen in which the endocast of the brain was able to be
thoroughly examined.
Parapsicephalus purdoni
Genusame: Rhamphocephalus
Speciesname: bucklandi
Describer: (von Meyer, 1832) Seeley, 1880
Distribution: England
Size:
Diet:
Info: Rhamphocephalus Seeley, 1880 [nomen dubium] = Dolichorhamphus
Seeley, 1885 = Dolichorhampus Romer, 1966 [sic] = Rhampocephalus Romer,
1966 [sic]
R. bucklandi = Pterodactylus bucklandi von Meyer, 1832 [nomen dubium] =

Rhamphorhynchus bucklandi (von Meyer, 1832) Huxley, 1859 [nomen dubium] =
Pterodactylus duncani Owen, 1874 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus kiddii Owen,
1874 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus kiddi (Owen, 1874) Lydekker, 1888
[nomen dubium]
Speciesname: depressirostris
Describer: (Huxley, 1859) Lydekker, 1888 [nomen dubium]
Size:
Diet:
1966 [sic]
?R. depressirostris = Rhamphorhynchus depressirostris Huxley, 1859 [nomen

dubium] = Pterodactylus aclandi Owen, 1874 [nomen dubium]
Speciesname: prestwichi
Describer: (Seeley, 1880) Seeley, 1880 vide Newton, 1888 [nomen dubium]
Size:
Diet:
1966 [sic]
?R. prestwichi = Rhamphorhynchus prestwichi Seeley, 1880 [nomen dubium] =

Dolichorhamphus prestwichi (Seeley, 1880) Seeley, 1885 [nomen dubium]†
Genusame: Rhamphorhynchus
Speciesname: gemmingi
Describer: (von Meyer, 1846) von Meyer, 1855
Size:
Diet:
Info: Rhamphorhynchus von Meyer, 1846 = Ornithopterus von Meyer, 1860
[nomen dubium] = Pteromonodactylus Teriaev, 1967 = Ramphorhynchus von
Meyer, 1847 [sic] = Rhamphorhynchys Rao & Shah, 1963 [sic] =
Rhamphorynchus Sinclair, 1996 [sic; in Dinosaur Collector's Club Newsletter]
R. gemmingi = Pterodactylus gemmingi von Meyer, 1846 = Pterodactylus

(Rhamphorhynchus) gemmingi von Meyer, 1846 = Ornithocephalus gemmingi
(von Meyer, 1846) Wagner, 1851 = Rhamphorhynchus (Pterodactylus) gemmingi
(von Meyer, 1846) von Meyer, 1855 = Pterodactylus (Ramphorhynchus) gemmingi
Owen, 1851 [sic] = Ramphorhynchus gemmingi Owen, 1859 [sic] = Pterodactylus
lavateri von Meyer, 1838 [nomen dubium] = Ornithopterus lavateri (von Meyer,
1838) von Meyer, 1860 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus (Ornithopterus) lavateri
(von Meyer, 1838) Owen, 1851 ?R. jessoni Lydekker, 1890 [nomen dubium]
Speciesname: intermedius
Describer: Koh, 1937
Size:
Diet:
R. intermedius var. brevialata Koh, 1937 [New large species to be described;

Wellnhofer, 1991: 151]
Speciesname: jessoni
Describer:
Size:
Diet:
Speciesname: longicaudus
Describer: (Münster, 1839) von Meyer, 1846
Size:
Diet:
R. longicaudus = Pterodactylus longicaudus Münster, 1839 = Odontorhynchus

longicaudus (Münster, 1839) Olshevsky, 1978 = Ornithocephalus longicaudus
(Münster, 1839) Wagner, 1851 = Rhamphorhynchus (Odontorhynchus)
longicaudus (Münster, 1839) Stolley, 1936 = Pterodactylus longicaudatus Owen,
1851 [sic] = Rhamphorhynchus longicauda Seeley, 1869 [sic] =
Rhamphorhynchus longicaudatus von Ammon, 1884 [sic] = Ornithocephalus
longicaudatus Lydekker, 1888 [sic]
Speciesname: longiceps
Describer: Woodward, 1902
Size:
Diet:
R. longiceps = Ornithocephalus giganteus Oken, 1819 [nomen dubium] =

Pterodactylus giganteus (Oken, 1819) [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus grandis
Cuvier, 1824 [nomen dubium] = Ornithocephalus grandis (Cuvier, 1824) Wagner,
1851 [nomen dubium] = Rhamphorhynchus grandis (Cuvier, 1824) Lydekker,
1888 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus secundarius von Meyer, 1843 [nomen
dubium; juv.?] = Ornithocephalus secundarius (von Meyer, 1843) Wagner, 1851
[nomen dubium; juv.?] = Rhamphorhynchus kokeni F. Plieninger, 1907
Rhamphorhynchus longiceps
Speciesname: muensteri
Describer: Goldfuss, 1831 emend. Lydekker, 1888
Distribution: Solnhofen limestones, Southern Germany
Size: Skull max.= 19 cm. Wingspan max = 1.75 m.
Diet:
R. muensteri = Rhamphorhynchus münsteri (Goldfuss, 1831) von Meyer, 1846 =

Ornithocephalus muensteri Goldfuss, 1831 emend. Lydekker, 1888
= Ornithocephalus münsteri Goldfuss, 1831 = Pterodactylus muensteri Goldfuss,
1831 emend. Lydekker, 1888 = Pterodactylus münsteri (Goldfuss, 1831) von
Meyer, 1832 = Pterodactylus (Rhamphorhynchus) muensteri (Goldfuss, 1831) =
Pterodactylus (Rhamphorhynchus) münsteri (Goldfuss, 1831) von Meyer, 1846 =
Rhamphorhynchus suevicus O. Fraas, 1855 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus
hirundinaceus Wagner, 1857 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus
(Rhamphorhynchus) hirundinaceus Wagner, 1857 [nomen dubium] =
Rhamphorhynchus hirundinaceus (Wagner, 1857) Wagner, 1858 [nomen dubium]
= Rhamphorhynchus curtimanus Wagner, 1858 = Rhamphorhynchus longimanus
Wagner, 1858 = Rhamphorhynchus meyeri Owen, 1870 = Rhamphorhynchus
phyllurus Marsh, 1882 = Pteromonodactylus phyllurus (Marsh, 1882) Teriaev,
1967 = Ramphorhynchus phyllurus Lydekker, 1888 [sic] = Rhamphorhynchus
megadactylus von Koenigswald, 1931 = Rhamphorhynchus carnegiei Koh, 1937 =
Ramphorhynchus meyeri Owen vide Ingles & Sawyer, 1979 [sic] =
Rhamphorynchus muenstri Paul, 1996 [sic]
(Rhamphorhynchus muensteri = beak-snout, long tail) A long-winged, long-tailed

pterosaur.
Speciesname: tendagurensis
Describer: Reck, 1931
Distribution: Tanzania
Size:
Diet:
Speciesname: sp.
Describer:
Distribution: Portugal
Size:
Diet:
Genusame: Scaphognathus
Speciesname: crassirostris
Describer: (Goldfuss, 1831) Wagner, 1861
Size:
Diet:
Info: Scaphognathus Wagner, 1861 = Brachytrachelus Giebel, 1852/Schönherr,
1847 = Pachyramphus Romer, 1966 [sic] = Pachyrhamphus Fitzinger, 1843/Gray,
1840 = Pycnorhamphus von Zittel, 1882 [sic]
S. crassirostris = Pterodactylus crassirostris Goldfuss, 1831 = Brachytrachelus

crassirostris (Goldfuss, 1831) Giebel, 1852 (Goldfuss, 1831) Wagner, 1861
= Ornithocephalus crassirostris (Goldfuss, 1831) Wagner, 1851 = Pachyrhamphus
crassirostris (Goldfuss, 1831) Fitzinger, 1843 = Rhamphorhynchus crassirostris
(Goldfuss, 1831) Wagner, 1858
Genusame: Sordes
Speciesname: pilosus
Describer: Sharov, 1971
Distribution: Kazachstan
Size:
Diet:
Info: Sordes = Sordus Bakker, 1975 [sic] S. pilosa Sharov, 1971 emend. nov. =
Sordes pilosus Sharov, 1970†
B. Creisler (pers. comm.) notes that the genus Sordes is feminine, not masculine,
necessitating respelling of the trivial name.
Rhamphorhynchoidia
Rhamphorhynchoidia - Incertae Sedis
Genusame: Rhamphinion
Speciesname: jenkinsi
Describer: Padian, 1984
Distribution: Arizona, US
Size:
Diet:
Info: Rhamphion Fraser & Unwin, 1990 [sic] R. Padian,
1984
Scaphognathidae
Ancestors: Rhamphorhynchidae
Distribution: Laurasia (Germany en Russia)
Timeperiod: Kimmeridgian-Titonian, Late Jurassic
Size: Skulll 8-11,5 cm in length. Spanwide 60-90 cm
Diet: Fisch, amphibians, large invertebrates
Descendants: non
The Scaphognatide showed some primitive characteristics. De wings were

short and the tail reduced, there is possible a relationship with the
Pterodactylidae as a branch, not as ancestor.
Genusame: Scaphognathus
Speciesname: crassirostris
Describer:
Size: Skull length = 11.5 cm. Wingspan = 90 cm.
Diet:
Info:(Scaphognathus crassirostris = tub jaw, thick beaked) The teeth are
set upright in the jaws and they continue around the tip. The wings and
tail both appear to be rather short. The sternum has a spade shape.
Scaphognathus crassirostris
Genusame: Sordes
Speciesname: pilosus
Describer: Sharov, 1971
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info: The body of this pterosaur was covered with thick hair about a half
cm in length, the wing and tail were not covered with hair. This hair
indicates a possible endothermic lifestyle. The aninmal wasn't much bigger
than a dove, the teeth were small and weak. The wingflaps are attached
to the hindlegs a second flap was located between the legs, the tail was
separated from this second flap.
Anhangueridae
Genusame: Anhanguera
Speciesname: blittersdorfii
Describer:
Distribution: Brazil
Timeperiod: Early Cretaceous
Size:
Diet:
Info:
Anhanguera blittersdorfii
Speciesname: santanae
Describer:
Size:
Diet:
Info:
Anhanguera santanae
Speciesname: piscator
Describer:
Distribution: Santana Formation, northeastern Brazil
Size: Skull length = 50 cm Estimated wingspan 4.15 m.
Diet:
Info: (Anhanguera piscator =old devil fisherman) Known from several partial
uncrushed skeletons.
Cearadactylidae
Genusame: Cearadactylus
Speciesname: atrox
Describer:
Timeperiod: Aptian, Early Cretaceous
Size: Skull length estimate= 57cm. Wingspan unknown
Diet:
Info: (Cearadactylus atrox = Ceará finger) Known from a single incomplete skull
preserved articulated with jaws and uncrushed.
Cearadactylus atrox
Criorhynchidae
Family: Criorhynchidae Kuhn, 1967 = Criorhynchinae Hooley, 1914
Genusame: Amblydectes
Speciesname: crassidens
Describer: Seeley, 1870
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info: Amblydectes [Hooley, 1914, nomen dubium] = Ornithocheirus crassidens
Seeley, 1870 [nomen dubium] = Criorhynchus crassidens (Seeley, 1870)
Wellnhofer, 1978 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus crassidens (Seeley, 1870)
Sauvage, 1882 [nomen dubium] = Ptenodactylus crassidens Seeley, 1869 [nomen
nudum]
Speciesname:eurygnathus
Describer: Seeley, 1870 [nomen dubium]
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info: Amblydectes eurygnathus = Ornithocheirus eurygnathus Seeley, 1870
[nomen dubium] = Criorhynchus eurygnathus (Seeley, 1870) Wellnhofer, 1978
[nomen dubium] = Ptenodactylus eurygnathus Seeley, 1869 [nomen nudum] =
Pterodactylus eurygnathus (Seeley, 1870) emend. Olshevsky, 1991 [nomen
dubium] = Pterodactylus eurygnatus (Seeley, 1870) Sauvage, 1882 [nomen
dubium]*
Speciesname: platystomus
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info: Amblydectes platystomus = Ornithocheirus platystomus Seeley, 1870
[nomen dubium] = Criorhynchus platystomus (Seeley, 1870) Wellnhofer, 1978
[nomen dubium] = Ornithochirus platystomus (Seeley, 1870) [nomen dubium] =
Pterodactylus platystomus (Seeley, 1870) Sauvage, 1882 [nomen dubium] =
Ptenodactylus platystomus Seeley, 1869 [nomen nudum] = Ornithocheirus
platysomus Newton, 1888 [sic]
Generally considered a synonym of Criorhynchus, this genus was separated from it

by Hooley (1914). It is referred to Criorhynchidae provisionally.
Genusame: Criorhynchus
Speciesname: capito
Describer: (Seeley, 1870) Owen, 1874 [nomen dubium]
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Criorhynchus Owen, 1874 C. capito = Ornithocheirus capito Seeley,
1870 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus capito (Seeley, 1870) Sauvage, 1882
[nomen dubium] = Ptenodactylus capito Seeley, 1869 [nomen nudum]
Speciesname: simus
Describer: Owen, 1874
Timeperiod: Late and Early Cretaceous
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Criorhynchus Owen, 1874 C. simus = Pterodactylus simus Owen,
1861 = Ornithocheirus simus (Owen, 1861) Seeley, 1870 = Pterodactylus
woodwardi Owen, 1861 = Criorhynchus woodwardi (Owen, 1861) Owen, 1874 =
Ornithocheirus woodwardi (Owen, 1861) Seeley, 1870 = Ptenodactylus woodwardi
(Owen, 1861) Seeley, 1869 = Ornithocheirus carteri Seeley, 1869 [nomen nudum]
= Ornithocheirus platyrhinus Seeley, 1869 [nomen nudum] = Ornithocheirus
carteri Seeley, 1870 [nomen dubium] = Criorhynchus carteri (Seeley, 1870)
Owen, 1874 [nomen dubium] = Ornithocheirus platyrhinus Seeley, 1870 [nomen
dubium] = Criorhynchus platyrhinus (Seeley, 1870) [nomen dubium] =
Ornithochirus simus Lydekker, 1888 [sic]
Speciesname: reedi
Describer: (Seeley, 1870) Owen, 1874 [nomen dubium]
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Criorhynchus Owen, 1874 C. reedi = Ornithocheirus reedii Seeley,
1870 [nomen dubium] = Ornithocheirus reedi (Seeley, 1870) [nomen dubium]
Genusame: Tropeognathus
Speciesname: mesembrinus
Describer: Wellnhofer, 1987
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Tropeognathus Wellnhofer, 1987 T. mesembrinus = Anhanguera
mesembrinus (Wellnhofer, 1987) Kellner & Campos, 1989
Tropeognathus mesembrinus
Genusame: Tropeognathus
Speciesname: robustus
Distribution: Santana Formation, Brazil
Timeperiod: Aptian, Early Cretaceous
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Tropeognathus Wellnhofer, 1987 T. robustus = Anhanguera robustus
(Wellnhofer, 1987) Kellner & Campos, 1989
(Tropeognathus robustus = keel jaw) Tropeognathus has a crest above and below

its long toothy snout. Kellner & Campos (1989) regarded this genus as a junior
synonym of Anhanguera. Wellnhofer (1991), however, retained it as a distinct
genus, although he (pers. comm. at 1989 SVP annual meeting) previously
regarded this genus as a possible junior synonym of Araripedactylus.
Cycnorhamphidae
Genusame: Cycnorhamphus
Speciesname: suevicus
Describer: (Quenstedt, 1855) Seeley, 1870
Distribution: Bavaria, Württemberg, Solnhofen limestones, Southern Germany and
France
Size: Skull length = 15 cm Wingspan = 1.35 m.
Diet:
Info: Genus: Cycnorhamphus Seeley, 1870 = Cycnorhamphys Fabre, 1981 [sic] =
Cygnorhamphus Seeley, 1870 [sic] = Cynorhamphus Romer, 1966 [sic]
= Gallodactylus Fabre, 1974
C. suevicus = Pterodactylus suevicus Quenstedt, 1855 non Oken, 1825 =

Gallodactylus suevicus (Quenstedt, 1855) Fabre, 1974 = Pterodactylus
wuerttembergicus Quenstedt, 1854 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus
württembergicus Quenstedt, 1854 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus eurychirus
Wagner, 1857 = Pterodactylus (Ornithocephalus) eurychirus (Wagner, 1857)
Wagner, 1857 = Ornithocephalus eurychirus (Wagner, 1857) Olshevsky, 1978 =
Pterodactylus suevicus eurychirus Wagner, 1858 = Pterodactylus eurycheirus
Newton, 1888 [sic] = Pterodactylus wurtembergicus Fabre, 1981 [sic]
(Cycnorhamphus suevicus = swan beak) Possible the most primitive

pterodactyloid because it retains cervical ribs and an unfused basipteryogid.
Unusual footprints found in Purbeck, England, may be attributed to this
plantigrade pterosaur. Some specimens referred to Pterodactylus micronyx are
juveniles
Cycnorhamphus suevicus
Dsungaripterid
ae
Family: Dsungaripteridae Young, 1964 = Dsungaripteroidea Young, 1964
Genusame: Domeykodactylus
Speciesname: ceciliae
Describer: Martill, Frey, Chong Diaz & Bell, 2000
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info:
Dsungaripterus
Genusame: Dsungaripterus
Speciesname: brancai
Describer:
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Dsungaripterus Young, 1964 = Dzungaripterus Young, 1971 [sic]
Speciesname: weii
Describer: Young, 1964
Distribution: Junggar basin, Xinjiang Province, China
Size: Skull length max. 50 cm. Spanwide max. 3,5 meter.
Diet:
D. weii = Dzungaripterus weii Young, 1971 [sic] ?D. brancai (Reck, 1931)
Bakhurina, 1982 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus brancai Reck, 1931 [nomen
dubium]
(Dsungaripterus weii =Junggar wing) Know from a few none complete but

uncrushed specimens. A sharp tip characterize the skull A short crest tops the
snout and another tops the cranium. D. weii had a long and slender neck and a
broad sternum, the pubis is separated fron the ischium. Both the wings and the
legs were very long.
Genusame: Noripterus
Speciesname: complicidens
Size:
Diet:
Info: (Noripterus complicidens = lake wing) Incomplete but uncrushed remains of
several individuals are known.
Genusame: Phobetor
Speciesname: parvus
Describer: Bakhurina, 1982) Bakhurina, 1986
Distribution: Zagan Zabsk Formation, western Mongolia
Size: Skull length = 20 cm. Wingspan estimate = 1.5 m.
Diet:
Info: Genus: Phobetor Bakhurina, 1986/Krøyer, 1844 = Fabeter Ivakhnenko &
Korabelnikov, 1987 [sic]
P. parvus = Dsungaripterus parvus Bakhurina, 1982 = Fabeter parvus Ivakhnenko

& Korabelnikov, 1987 [sic]
The genus Phobetor discoeverd in 1982 was named without formal description in a
review article (Priroda 1986 (7): 27– 36), but it is treated as valid by Wellnhofer
(1991). It is, however, preoccupied (B. Creisler, pers. comm.) and a replacement
name will soon be published. A recent anonymous museum pamphlet on
Mongolian fossils (in Russian) illustrated a Phobetor skull and referred it to
Ornithocheiridae.
Phobetor parvus
Genusame: Puntanipterus
Speciesname: globosus
Describer: Bonaparte & Sanchez, 1974
Distribution: San Luis, Argentina
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Puntanipterus Bonaparte & Sanchez, 1974 = Punctanipterus
Gasparini, Leanza & Garate Zubillaga, 1987 [sic] = Puntaniptero [Anonymous]
1976 [sic] = Putanipterus Carroll, 1987 [sic]
P. globosus = Punctanipterus globosus Gasparini, Leanza & Garate Zubillaga, 1987

[sic]
Dsungaripterid
ae
Family: Dsungaripteridae Young, 1964 = Dsungaripteroidea Young, 1964
Genusame: Domeykodactylus
Speciesname: ceciliae
Describer: Martill, Frey, Chong Diaz & Bell, 2000
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info:
Dsungaripterus
Speciesname: brancai
Describer:
Size:
Diet:
Speciesname: weii
Size: Skull length max. 50 cm. Spanwide max. 3,5 meter.
Diet:
D. weii = Dzungaripterus weii Young, 1971 [sic] ?D. brancai (Reck, 1931)
Bakhurina, 1982 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus brancai Reck, 1931 [nomen
dubium]
(Dsungaripterus weii =Junggar wing) Know from a few none complete but

uncrushed specimens. A sharp tip characterize the skull A short crest tops the
snout and another tops the cranium. D. weii had a long and slender neck and a
broad sternum, the pubis is separated fron the ischium. Both the wings and the
legs were very long.
Genusame: Noripterus
Speciesname: complicidens
Size:
Diet:
Info: (Noripterus complicidens = lake wing) Incomplete but uncrushed remains of
several individuals are known.
Genusame: Phobetor
Speciesname: parvus
Describer: Bakhurina, 1982) Bakhurina, 1986
Distribution: Zagan Zabsk Formation, western Mongolia
Size: Skull length = 20 cm. Wingspan estimate = 1.5 m.
Diet:
Info: Genus: Phobetor Bakhurina, 1986/Krøyer, 1844 = Fabeter Ivakhnenko &
Korabelnikov, 1987 [sic]
P. parvus = Dsungaripterus parvus Bakhurina, 1982 = Fabeter parvus Ivakhnenko

& Korabelnikov, 1987 [sic]
The genus Phobetor discoeverd in 1982 was named without formal description in a
review article (Priroda 1986 (7): 27– 36), but it is treated as valid by Wellnhofer
(1991). It is, however, preoccupied (B. Creisler, pers. comm.) and a replacement
name will soon be published. A recent anonymous museum pamphlet on
Mongolian fossils (in Russian) illustrated a Phobetor skull and referred it to
Ornithocheiridae.
Phobetor parvus
Genusame: Puntanipterus
Speciesname: globosus
Describer: Bonaparte & Sanchez, 1974
Distribution: San Luis, Argentina
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Puntanipterus Bonaparte & Sanchez, 1974 = Punctanipterus
Gasparini, Leanza & Garate Zubillaga, 1987 [sic] = Puntaniptero [Anonymous]
1976 [sic] = Putanipterus Carroll, 1987 [sic]
P. globosus = Punctanipterus globosus Gasparini, Leanza & Garate Zubillaga, 1987

[sic]
Germanodactylidae
Family: Germanodactylidae Young, 1964
Genusame: Germanodactylus
Speciesname: cristatus
Describer: Wiman, 1925
Size: Skull length = 13 cm. Wingspan = 98 cm.
Diet:
Info: Genus: Germanodactylus Young, 1964 = Germodactylus Wellnhofer, 1980
[sic]
G. cristatus (Wiman, 1925) Young, 1964 = Pterodactylus cristatus Wiman, 1925 =

Pterodactylus kochi von Zittel, 1882 (err. "Wagler, 1837") non Wagner, 1837 =
Diopecephalus kochi (von Zittel, 1882) Kuhn, 1967 non (Wagner, 1837) Seeley,
1871 = Germanodactylus kochi (von Zittel, 1882 non Wagner, 1837) Young, 1964
= Germodactylus cristatus Wellnhofer, 1980 [sic]
(Germanodactylus cristatus = German finger with a crest)

Germanodactylus cristatus
Speciesname: rhamphastinus
Distribution: Daiting, Southern Germany
Size: Skull length = 21cm. Wingspan = 1 m.
Diet:
[sic]
G. rhamphastinus (Wagner, 1851) Wellnhofer, 1970 = Ornithocephalus

rhamphastinus Wagner, 1851 = Diopecephalus rhamphastinus (Wagner, 1851)
Seeley, 1871 = Pterodactylus rhamphastinus (Wagner, 1851) von Meyer, 1860 =
Pterodactylus medius Münster, 1831 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus intermedius
Goldfuss, 1831 [sic] = Pterodactylus dubius Münster, 1843 [nomen dubium] =
Ornithocephalus dubius (Münster, 1843) Wagner, 1851 [nomen dubium] =
Pterodactylus propinquus medius Wagner, 1858 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus
rhamphastinus dubius Wagner, 1861 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus
ramphatilus Weigelt, 1927 [sic] = Germanodactylus ramphatilus Schaefer, 1989
[sic]
(Germanodactylus rhamphastinus = German finger) G. rhamphastinus is distinct

from G. cristatus in having teeth growing out near the tips of its sharply pointed
jaws, a longer neck and a shorter torso. The head crest is not so extensive and the
sternum is shield-shaped.
Germanodactylus rhamphastinus
Speciesname: sp.
Describer:
Size:
Diet:
[sic]
Genusame: Normannognathus
Speciesname: wellnhoferi
Describer: Buffetaut, Lepage, J.-J. & Lepage, G. 1998
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Normannognathus Buffetaut, Lepage, J.-J. & Lepage, G., 1998
Istiodactylidae
Genusame: Istiodactylus
Speciesname: latidens
Describer: Howse, Milner & Martill, 2001
Distribution: Vectis Formation, Isle of Wight, England
Timeperiod: Barremian - Aptian , Early Cretaceous
Size: Skull length = 56 cm. Wingspan estimated= 5 m.
Diet:
Info: Istiodactylus latidens Howse, Milner & Martill, 2001
= Ornithodesmus latidens Hooley, 1913
(Istiodactylus latidens =sail finger) This pterosaur is

most closely related to Anhanguera and Arthurdactylus.
I. latidens was discovered in 1887 and best known from
a single nearly complete specimen. (Holotype: BMNH
R176 referred specimens (BMNH R3877, BMNH R3878)
Pterodaustridae
Family: Pterodaustridae Bonaparte, 1971 =

Pterodaustriidae Bonaparte, 1971
Genusame: Pterodaustro
Speciesname: guinazui
Describer: Bonaparte, 1970
Distribution: Lagarcito Formation, San Luis Province,
Argentina
Size: Skull length = 23.5 cm. Wingspan = 1.33 m.
Diet:
Info: Genus: Pterodaustro Bonaparte, 1970 =
Pterodaustro Bonaparte, 1969 [nomen nudum]
P. guinazui = Pterodaustro guiñazui Bonaparte, 1970 =

Pterodaustro guiñazui Bonaparte, 1969 [nomen nudum]
A unique pterosaur, most obviously the teeth in the

lower jaws are long and numerous, up to 500 set in a
long groove in each side. They form a comb-like sieve for
filtering food from shallow waters. Pterodaustro was
South America's first known pterosaur.
Genusame: Pterodaustro
Speciesname: sp.
Describer:
Distribution: Chili
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Pterodaustro Bonaparte, 1970 =
Pterodaustro Bonaparte, 1969 [nomen nudum]
Ornithocheiridae
Family: Ornithocheiridae (nom. emend. ex

Ornithocheirae) Seeley, 1870 = Ornithocheirinae
Williston, 1897 = Ornithocheiroidea Williston, 1897 =
Ornithocheiridae Zittel & Eastman, 1902 =
Ornithocheridae Nopcsa, 1923 [sic]
Composed skull of "Ornithocheirus" based on

fragmentary remains from England
Genusame: Araripesaurus
Speciesname: castilhoi
Describer: Price, 1971
Distribution: Araripe Plateau, Santana Formation, Brazil
Size: Wingspan estimate = 2.2 m.
Diet:
Info: The first pterosaurian fossils discovered in the
Santana Formation. The specimen consists of a lower
arm, carpals, metacarpals and upper end of the wing
finger. published in 1971.
Genusame: Arthurdactylus
Speciesname: conandoylei
Describer: Frey & Martill, 1994
Distribution: Crato Formation, northeast Brazil
Size: Wingspan = 4.6 m. .
Diet:
Info: Genus: Arthurdactylus Frey & Martill, 1994
A. conandoylei emend nov.= Arthurdactylus conan-doylei

Frey & Martill, 1994
Named after Sir Arthur Conan-Doylefor the writer of The

Lost World. Known from a single crushed and slightly
disartuculated skeleton lacking a sternum, skull and
neck. The wings of Arthurdactylus are proportionately
longer than in any other pterosaur.
Genusame: Brasileodactylus
Speciesname: araripensis
Describer: Kellner, 1984
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Brasileodactylus Kellner, 1984
B. araripensis = Brasileodactylus araripendis Kellner,

1989 [sic]
Known by four inches of the front end of the lower jaws.

It is slightly bent upwards and toothy.
Genusame: Lonchodectes
Speciesname: compressirostris
Describer: (Owen, 1851) Hooley, 1914
Timeperiod: Late Cretaceous
Size:
Diet:
Info: L. compressirostris = Pterodactylus
compressirostris Owen, 1851 = Ornithocheirus
compressirostris (Owen, 1851) Seeley, 1870 =
Ornithochirus compressirostris Lydekker, 1888 [sic] =
Ornithocheirus compressiformis Gaal, 1926 [sic]
Generally considered a synonym of Ornithocheirus, this

genus is referred to an unnamed new family by Unwin (in
Benton, ed., 1993). It is here referred to
Ornithocheiridae provisionally.
Speciesname: daviesii
Describer: Owen, 1874
Size:
Diet:
Info: ?L. daviesii = Pterodactylus daviesii Owen, 1874 =
Ornithocheirus daviesii Owen, 1874 emend. Olshevsky,
1991 = Ornithocheirus daviesi (Owen, 1874) Newton,
1888 = Pterodactylus daviesii Owen, 1874 emend.
Olshevsky, 1991 = Pterodactylus daviesi (Owen, 1874)
Sauvage, 1882 = Ornithochirus daviesi Lydekker, 1888
[sic]

Speciesname: giganteus
Describer: Bowerbank, 1846 [nomen dubium]
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Lonchodectes Hooley, 1914
?L. giganteus = Pterodactylus giganteus Bowerbank,

1846 non (Oken, 1819) [nomen dubium] =
Ornithocheirus giganteus (Bowerbank, 1846) Newton,
1888 [nomen dubium] = Ornithodesmus giganteus
(Bowerbank, 1846) Kuhn, 1967 [nomen dubium] =
Pterodactylus conirostris Owen vide Dixon, 1850 [nomen
dubium] = Ornithochirus giganteus Lydekker, 1888 [sic]

Lonchodectes giganteus
Speciesname: machaerorhynchus
Describer: Seeley, 1864) [nomen dubium
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info: ?L. machaerorhynchus = Pterodactylus
machaerorhynchus Seeley, 1864 [nomen dubium] =
Ornithocheirus machaerorhynchus (Seeley, 1864)
Seeley, 1870 [nomen dubium] = Ptenodactylus
machaerorhynchus (Seeley, 1864) Seeley, 1869 [nomen
dubium] = Pterodactylus machaerhynchus Sauvage,
1882 [sic] = Ornithocheirus machaeorhynchus Hooley,
1914 [sic]

Speciesname: microdon
Size:
Diet:
Info: ?L. microdon = Ornithocheirus microdon Seeley,
1870 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus microdon
(Seeley, 1870) Sauvage, 1882 [nomen dubium] =
Ptenodactylus microdon Seeley, 1869 [nomen nudum]

Speciesname: oweni
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info: ?L. oweni = Pterodactylus oweni Seeley, 1864
[nomen dubium] = Ornithocheirus oweni (Seeley, 1864)
Seeley, 1870 [nomen dubium] = Ptenodactylus oweni
(Seeley, 1864) Seeley, 1869 [nomen dubium] =
Pterodactylus owenii Sauvage, 1882 [sic]

Speciesname: sagittirostris
Describer:
Size:
Diet:
Info: ?L. sagittirostris (Owen, 1874) Unwin vide Benton,
1993 = Pterodactylus sagittirostris Owen, 1874 =
Ornithocheirus sagittirostris (Owen, 1874) Newton, 1888
= Ornithodesmus sagittirostris (Owen, 1874)

Speciesname: scaphorhynchus
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info: ?L. scaphorhynchus = Ornithocheirus
scaphorhynchus Seeley, 1870 [nomen dubium] =
Pterodactylus scaphorhynchus (Seeley, 1870) Sauvage,
1882 [nomen dubium] = Ptenodactylus scaphorhynchus
Seeley, 1869 [nomen nudum]

Speciesname: tenuirostris
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info: ?L. tenuirostris = Ornithocheirus tenuirostris
Seeley, 1870 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus
tenuirostris (Seeley, 1870) Sauvage, 1882 [nomen
dubium]
= Ptenodactylus tenuirostris Seeley, 1869 [nomen
nudum]

Genusame: Ornithocheirus
Speciesname: brachyrhinus
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Ornithocheirus Seeley, 1869 = Cimoliornis
Owen, 1846 = Cretornis Fritsch, 1880 [nomen dubium]
= Lithosteornis Gervais, 1844 [nomen nudum] =
Ornithochirus Lydekker, 1888/Cope, 1872 [sic] =
Osteornis Gervais, 1844 [nomen nudum] = Palaeornis
Mantell, 1835/Vigors, 1825 = Ptenodactylus Seeley,
1869 (preoccupied?)
O. brachyrhinus = Pterodactylus brachyrhinus (Seeley,

1870) Sauvage, 1882 [nomen dubium] = Ptenodactylus
brachyrhinus Seeley, 1869 [nomen nudum]
Speciesname: bunzeli
Describer: Seeley, 1881 emend. Sauvage, 1882
Distribution: Austria
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
?O. bunzeli = Ornithocheirus bünzeli Seeley, 1881 =

Ornithocheirus bunzelii Sauvage, 1882 [sic]
Speciesname: clifti
Describer: (Mantell, 1835) Newton, 1888
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
?O. clifti = Palaeornis clifti Mantell, 1835 = Pterodactylus

clifti (Mantell, 1835) Bronn, 1848 = Osteornis ardeaceus
Gervais, 1844 [nomen nudum] = Lithosteornis ardeaceus
(Gervais, 1844) [nomen nudum] = Pterodactylus
silvestris Owen, 1845 = Pterodactylus sylvestris Owen,
1859 [sic] = Ornithochirus clifti Lydekker, 1888 [sic]
Speciesname: colorhinus
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
O. colorhinus = Pterodactylus colorhinus (Seeley, 1870)
Sauvage, 1882 [nomen dubium] = Ptenodactylus
colorhinus Seeley, 1869 [nomen nudum]
Speciesname: curtus
Describer: (Owen, 1870) Newton, 1888 [nomen dubium]
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
?O. curtus = Pterodactylus curtus Owen, 1870 [nomen

dubium] = Ornithochirus curtus Lydekker, 1888 [sic]
Speciesname: cuvieri
Describer:
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
Speciesname: dentatus
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
O. dentatus = Pterodactylus dentatus (Seeley, 1870)

dentatus Seeley, 1869 [nomen nudum]
Speciesname: denticulatus
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
O. denticulatus = Ornithochirus denticulatus Lydekker,

1888 [sic]
Speciesname: diomedius
Describer: (Owen, 1846) Newton, 1888
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
?O. diomedeus = Osteornis diomedeus Owen, 1844

[nomen nudum] = Cimoliornis diomedeus Owen, 1846 =
Pterodactylus diomedeus (Owen, 1846) Owen, 1851 =
Pterodactylus diomedius (Owen, 1846) = Pterodactylus
giganteus Morris, 1854 non (Oken, 1819) non
Bowerbank, 1846 = Cimoliornis diomedius Lydekker,
1888 [sic] = Ornithochirus diomedius Lydekker, 1888
[sic] = Ornithocheirus diomedius Hooley, 1914 [sic]
Speciesname: enchorhynchus
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
O. enchorhynchus Seeley, 1870 [nomen dubium] =

Pterodactylus enchorhynchus (Seeley, 1870) Sauvage,
1882 [nomen dubium] = Ptenodactylus enchorhynchus
Seeley, 1869 [nomen nudum]
Speciesname: fittoni
Describer: (Owen, 1858) Seeley, 1870
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
O. fittoni = Pterodactylus fittoni Owen, 1858 =

Ptenodactylus fittoni (Owen, 1858) Seeley, 1869 =
Ornithochirus fittoni Lydekker, 1888 [sic]
Speciesname: hlavatschi
Describer: (Fritsch, 1880) Fritsch, 1905 [nomen dubium]
Distribution: Czechia
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
?O. hlavaci = Ornithocheirus hlavá i (Fritsch, 1880)

Fritsch, 1905 [nomen dubium] = Cretornis hlavaci
Fritsch, 1880 [nomen dubium] = Cretornis hlavá i
Fritsch, 1880 [nomen dubium] = Cretornis hlavatschi
Lydekker, 1888 [sic] = Ornithocheirus hlavatschi
Newton, 1888 [sic] = Ornithochirus hlavatschi Lydekker,
1888 [sic]
Genusame: Ornithocheirus huxleyi

Speciesname: Seeley, 1870 [nomen dubium]
Describer:
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
Speciesname: macrorhinus
Describer: (Seeley, 1869) [nomen nudum]
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
?O. macrorhinus = Ptenodactylus macrorhinus Seeley,

1869 [nomen nudum] = Pterodactylus macrohinus
Sauvage, 1882 [sic]
Speciesname: nasutus
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
O. nasutus = Pterodactylus nasutus (Seeley, 1870)

nasutus Seeley, 1869 [nomen nudum]
Speciesname: oxyrhinus
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
O. oxyrhinus = Pterodactylus oxyrhinus (Seeley, 1870)

oxyrhinus Seeley, 1869 [nomen nudum]
Speciesname: polyodon
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
O. polyodon = Ptenodactylus polyodon Seeley, 1869

[nomen nudum] = Pterodactylus platyodon Sauvage,
1882 [sic]
Speciesname: sedgwicki
Describer: (Owen, 1859) emend. Newton, 1888
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
O. sedgwickii = Ornithocheirus sedgwicki (Owen, 1859)

Seeley, 1870 = Pterodactylus sedgwickii Owen, 1859
(not 1858) = Coloborhynchus sedgwickii (Owen, 1859)
Owen, 1874 = Ptenodactylus sedgwickii (Owen, 1859)
emend. nov. = Ptenodactylus sedgwicki (Owen, 1859)
Seeley, 1869 = Coloborhynchus sedgwicki Sauvage,
1882 [sic] = Pterodactylus sedgwicki Sauvage, 1882
[sic] = Ornithochirus sedgwicki Lydekker, 1888 [sic]
Speciesname: sp.
Describer:
Distribution: France
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
Speciesname: wiedenrothi
Describer:
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
This genus has become a terrible wastebasket for

miscellaneous pterosaurian remains from the Cambridge
Greensand and elsewhere. Seeley failed to nominate a
type species until 1881, when he noted it was
Ornithocheirus simus — the first species listed under the
genus by Seeley in 1869. But by then Owen had already
made Pterodactylus simus the type species of
Criorhynchus (Owen, 1874). The "type" species often
cited by 20th-century authors (e.g., Kuhn, 1967;
Wellnhofer, 1978; Wild, 1990), Ornithocheirus
compressirostris, was definitely separated from
Ornithocheirus into a different genus, Lonchodectes, by
Hooley (1914). Unfortunately, in his review of Seeley's
numerous species, Hooley himself failed to specify type
species for his genera Amblydectes and Lonchodectes;
nor did he establish a neotype species for
Ornithocheirus. Pending publication of revisory work by
D. Unwin, the various species of Ornithocheirus are
organized here according to Hooley (1914) and those
parts of Unwin's reclassification that have already been
published (as in the section on Pterosauria in The Fossil
Record 2 [Benton, ed., 1993]). No type species is
indicated here for this genus. The genus Ptenodactylus,
created by Seeley in 1869 for numerous remains in the
Woodwardian Museum, lacked a type species until the
aforementioned 1881 work, when he noted that its
numerous species were "allied with Pterodactylus
sedgwicki," thus making that species — the first listed by
him in 1869 — the type of the genus. But already in
1870 Seeley had abandoned Ptenodactylus (as
preoccupied?: Lydekker, 1888) in favor of Ornithocheirus
as the generic name for all the Woodwardian Museum
species. Source George Olshevsky
Speciesname: xyphorhynchus
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
O. xyphorhynchus = Ornithochirus xyphorhynchus

(Seeley, 1870) [nomen dubium]
This species is noted as a possible azhdarchid by Unwin

(pers. comm. in Nessov, 1991).
Genusame: Ornithocheirus ?
Speciesname:
Describer:
Distribution: Argentina; Distribution: Late Cretaceous
Timeperiod: Early Cretaceous; Timeperiod: Austalia, New
Zeeland, Zaire
Size:
Diet:
1869 (preoccupied?)
Genusame: ? Santanadactylus
Speciesname: araripensis
Size: Wingspan = 3 m.
Diet:
Info: Genus: Santanadactylus de Buisonjé, 1980 =
Sandactylus Bowler, 1989 [sic]
Bennett (1989) considered Santanadactylus araripensis

and S. pricei to be pteranodontids and S. spixi to be a
dsungaripterid. Bennett also noted that the type species
may be based on a composite specimen: part
pteranodontid, part something else. Wellnhofer (1991)
retains the former two species in this genus but regards
S. spixi as Pterodactyloidia incertae sedis. Kellner &
Campos (1992) regard Santanadactylus spixi as a
tapejarid.
The most complete of several specimens of

S.araripensis appears to be a complete and uncrushed
wing, a spinal column (including notarium) and the mid
portion of the small-toothed skull.
Genusame: Santanadactylus
Speciesname: brasilensis
Describer: de Buisonjé, 1980
Size:
Diet:
S. brasilensis = Santandactylus brasiliensis Nessov, 1991

[sic]
Speciesname: pricei
Describer: Wellhofer, 1985
Size:
Diet:

dsungaripterid. Bennett also noted
that the type species may be based on a composite
specimen: part pteranodontid, part something else.
Wellnhofer (1991) retains the former two
species in this genus but regards S. spixi as
Pterodactyloidia incertae sedis. Kellner & Campos (1992)
regard Santanadactylus spixi as a tapejarid.
Speciesname: spixi
Describer: Wellhofer, 1985
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:

dsungaripterid. Bennett also noted
that the type species may be based on a composite
specimen: part pteranodontid, part something else.
Wellnhofer (1991) retains the former two
species in this genus but regards S. spixi as
Pterodactyloidia incertae sedis. Kellner & Campos (1992)
regard Santanadactylus spixi as a tapejarid
Pterodactylidae
Family: Pterodactylidae (nom. emend. ex Pterodactyli)

von Meyer, 1830 = Ornithocephalidae Hay, 1902 =
Ornithocephalinae Hay, 1930 = Ptenodraconinae Hooley,
1913 = Pterodactylae Bonaparte, 1838 = Pterodactyles
Seeley, 1869 = Pterodactylia Blainville, 1835 =
Pterodactylida Haeckel, 1895 = Pterodactyliens Pictet,
1853 = Pterodactylina Bonaparte, 1838 =
Pterodactylinae Williston, 1892
Genusame: Eosipterus
Speciesname: yangi
Describer: Ji Q. & Ji S., 1997
Distribution: Yixian Formation, western Liaoning,
Northeast China
Size: Wingspan max. 1.2 m.
Diet:
Info: (Eosipterus yangi = east wing) Known from a single
articulated but incomplete skeleton.
Genusame: Haopterus
Speciesname: gracilis
Describer:
Distribution: China
Size:
Diet:
Info:
Genusame: Pterodactylus
Speciesname: antiquus
Describer: (von Sömmering, 1812) Lydekker, 1888
Size: Skull length =6 cm. Wingspan = 1 m.
Diet:
Info: Genus: Pterodactylus Rafinesque, 1815 [for
purposes of priority credited to Cuvier, 1809, although in
that work Cuvier used only the inadmissible spelling
Ptero-dactyle] = Macrotrachelus Giebel, 1852 =
Ornithocepahlus Hay, 1930 [sic] = Onithocephalus
Lydekker, 1888 [sic] = Ornithocephalus von Sömmering,
1812 = Perodactylus F. Plieninger, 1929 [sic] =
Ptenodracon Lydekker, 1888 [juv.] = Ptero-dactyle
Cuvier, 1809 = Pterodatylus Fabre, 1981 [sic] =
Pterodracon [Anonymous] 1888 [sic, in Zoological
Record] = Pterotherium Fischer, 1813 = Pterydactylus
Hay, 1930 [sic]
P. antiquus = Ornithocephalus antiquus von Sömmering,

1812 = Ornithocephalus brevirostris von Sömmering,
1816–17 [juv.] = Ptenodracon brevirostris (von
Sömmering, 1816–17) Lydekker, 1888 [juv.] =
Pterodactylus brevirostris (von Sömmering, 1816–17)
Oken, 1819 [juv.] = Pterodactylus longirostris Cuvier,
1819 = Macrotrachelus longirostris (Cuvier, 1819)
Giebel, 1852 = Ornithocephalus longirostris (Cuvier,
1819) Ritgen, 1826 = Pterodactylus suevicus Oken, 1825
[nomen nudum] = Pterodactylus crocodilocephaloides
Ritgen, 1826 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus
spectabilis von Meyer, 1861
The first pterosaur described in 1784.
Speciesname: arningi
Describer: Reck, 1931 [nomen dubium]
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
Speciesname: cerinensis
Describer: von Meyer, 1860 [nomen dubium]
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
?P. cirinensis = Pterodactylus cerinensis von Meyer, 1982

emend. Lortet, 1892
Describer: Theodori, 1852 [nomen dubium]
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
Speciesname: grandis
Describer:
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
Speciesname: grandipelvis
Describer: von Meyer, 1860 [nomen dubium]
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
?P. grandipelvis = Pterodactylus eurychirus Wagner,

1861 non Wagner, 1857
Speciesname: hopkinsi
Describer: Seeley, 1864 [nomen nudum]
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
Speciesname: kochi
Describer: (Wagner, 1837) von Meyer, 1859
Size: Skull length = 6 cm. Wingspan = 1 m.
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
P. kochi = Ornithocephalus kochii Wagner, 1837 =

Diopecephalus kochi (Wagner, 1837) Seeley, 1871 =
Ornithocephalus kochi (Wagner, 1837) Lydekker, 1888 =
Pterodactylus meyeri Münster, 1842 [juv.] =
Ornithocephalus meyeri (Münster, 1842) Wagner, 1851
[juv.] = Pterodactylus scolopaciceps von Meyer, 1850 =
Rhamphorhynchus scolopaciceps (von Meyer, 1850) =
Pterodactylus elegans Broili, 1925 non Wagner, 1861 =
Pterodactylus westmani Wiman, 1925 = Pterodactylus
cormoranus Döderlein, 1929 = Pterodactylus elegans
Edinger, 1941 non Wagner, 1861
(Pterodactylus kochi = wing finger)
Speciesname: manseli
Describer: Owen, 1874 [nomen dubium]
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
?P. manselii = Pterodactylus manseli (Owen, 1874)

Lydekker, 1888 = Rhamphorhynchus manseli (Owen,
1874) [nomen dubium]
Speciesname: maximus
Describer: Reck, 1931 [nomen dubium]
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
Speciesname: micronyx
Describer: von Meyer, 1856
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
P. micronyx = Pterodactylus nettecephaloides Ritgen,

1826 [nomen oblitum] = Ornithocephalus redenbacheri
Wagner, 1851 [nomen oblitum] = Pterodactylus
redenbacheri (Wagner, 1851) Wagner, 1861 [nomen
oblitum] = Pterodactylus pulchellus von Meyer, 1861 =
Pterodactylus elegans íkovský, 1925 non Wagner, 1861
Speciesname: nobilis
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
?P. nobilis = Ornithocheirus nobilis (Owen, 1869)

Newton, 1888 [nomen dubium] = Ornithochirus nobilis
Lydekker, 1888 [sic]
Speciesname: ornis
Describer: Giebel, 1847 [nomen dubium]
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
Speciesname: pleydelli
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
?P. pleydellii = Pterodactylus pleydelli (Owen, 1874)

Lydekker, 1888 = Pterodactylus playdelli Olshevsky,
1978 [sic]
Speciesname: primus
Describer: Deffner & O. Fraas, 1859 [nomen dubium]
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
Speciesname: propinquus
Describer: (Wagner,1857) Wagner, 1857 [nomen
dubium]
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
?P. propinquus = Pterodactylus (Ornithocephalus)

propinquus Wagner, 1857 [nomen dubium] =
Ornithocephalus propinquus (Wagner, 1857) Wagner,
1857 [nomen dubium
Speciesname: raptor
Describer: Owen vide Ingles & Sawyer, 1979 [nomen
nudum]
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
Speciesname: suprajurensis
Describer: Sauvage, 1873 [nomen dubium]
Size:
Diet:
Hay, 1930 [sic]
?P. suprajurensis = Pterodactylus supra-jurensis

Sauvage, 1873 [nomen dubium] = Rhamphorhynchus
suprajurensis (Sauvage, 1873) [nomen dubium]
Ctenochasmatidae
Family: Ctenochasmatidae Nopcsa, 1928 [Ctenochasma]
Genusame: Ctenochasma
Speciesname: elegans
Describer: Wagner, 1861
Distribution: Solnhofen limestone, Hanover marine limestone, southern Germany
and France
Size: Wingspan = 1.2 m.
Diet: Info: (Ctenochasma elegans = comb jaw, elegant) Known from more than 6
specimens, but only two are more or less complete and articulated, an adult and a
juvenile (originally named Pterodactylus elegans).
Speciesname: gracile
Describer: Oppel, 1862
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Ctenochasma ("crest claws") von Meyer, 1852 Orginaly described on
the basis of an isolated skull as a crocodile. Mainly know from the Late Jurassic of
Europe.
Ctenochasma gracile
Speciesname: porocristata
Describer: de Buisonjé, 1981 emend. Olshevsky, 1991
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Ctenochasma ("crest claws") von Meyer, 1852
Orginaly described on the basis of an isolated skull as a crocodile. Mainly know

from the Late Jurassic of Europe. C. porocristata has a bony crest on its skull.
C. porocristatum = Ctenochasma porocristata de Buisonjé, 1981.
Speciesname: roemeri
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Ctenochasma ("crest claws") von Meyer, 1852 Orginaly described on
the basis of an isolated skull as a crocodile. Mainly know from the Late Jurassic of
Europe.
C. roemeri = Ctenochasma römeri von Meyer, 1852
Genera ending in -chasma are neuter, not feminine, and so take neuter adjectival
specific names. Hence the spelling change to C. porocristatum.
Genusame: Gnathosaurus
Speciesname: subulatus
Size: Skull length = 28cm. Wingspan estimate = 1.7 m.
Diet:
Info:Genus: Gnathosaurus von Meyer, 1834
G. subulatus = Crocodilus multidens Münster, 1832 = Gnathosaurus multidens

(Münster, 1832) Walther, 1904 = Gavialis priscus Quenstedt, 1855 [nomen
dubium] Gnathosaurus macrurus (Seeley, 1869) Howse & A. R. Milner, 1995 =
Pterodactylus macrurus Seeley, 1869
(Gnathosaurus subulatus = jaw reptile)
Bits of Gnathosaurus jaw were discovered in 1832 and taken for a piece of
crocodile jaw more than a century later in 1951 when a skul was found it was
determined to be a pterosaur. G. subulatus had 130 teeth arranged laterally
around the spoon-shaped tip.
Gnathosaurus subulatus
Speciesname: sp.
Describer:
Size:
Diet:
Info:Genus: Gnathosaurus von Meyer, 1834
Genusame: Huanhepterus
Speciesname: quingyangensis
Describer: Dong, 1982
Distribution: Ordos, Gansu province, China
Timeperiod: Late Jurassic,
Size: Wingspan = 2.5 m.
Diet:
Info:Genus: Huanhepterus Dong, 1982 = Huanhopterus Dong, 1987 [sic]
H. quingyangensis = Huanhopterus qinyangensis Dong, 1987 [sic]
(Huanhepterus quingyangensis = wing from the River Huanhe) Know by a single

skeleton. The crested front of the snout is lined with vertically implanted thin,
tightly packed teeth suggesting a filter-feeding lifestyle. The back of the snout is
toothless.
Genusame: Plataleorhynchus
Speciesname: streptophorodon
Describer: Howse & A. R. Milner, 1995
Distribution: Purbeck limestones, Dorset, England
Timeperiod: Tithonian, Late Jurassic or Berriasian, Early Cretaceous
Size:
Diet:
Info: Plataleorhynchus is known only from a fossilized snout, a rostrum bearing a
terminal spatula which is completely flat and lined with laterally oriented teeth.

Azhdarchida
e
Family: Azhdarchidae Padian, 1986 = Azadarchidae

Varricchio, 1995 [sic] = Azhdarchinae Nessov, January
1984 = Titanopterygiidae Padian, December 1984
Genusame: Arambourgiania
Speciesname: philadelphiae
Describer: (Arambourg, 1959) Nessov & Yarkov, 1989
Distribution: Jordan
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Arambourgiania Nessov & Yarkov, 1989 =
Arambourgiana Padian & Smith, 1992 [sic] =
Titanopterxy Frey & Martill, 1996 [sic] = Titanopteryx
Arambourg, 1959/Enderlein, 1934
A. philadelphiae = Titanopteryx philadelphiae

Arambourg, 1959 = Titanopterxy philadelphiae Frey &
Martill, 1996 [sic]
(formerly Titanopteryx) is known from a single very large

(2-foot) neck vertebra.
Genusame: Azhdarcho
Speciesname: lancicollis
Describer: Nessov, 1984
Distribution: Uzbekistan
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Azhdarcho Nessov, 1984 = Azhdarcho
Nessov, 1982 [nomen nudum]
A. lancicollis = Azhdarcho imparidens Nessov, 1982

[nomen nudum]
Genusame: Bennettazhia
Speciesname: oregonensis
Describer: (Gilmore, 1928) Nessov, 1991
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Bennettazhia Nessov, 1991
B. oregonensis = Pteranodon oregonensis Gilmore, 1928
Murry, Winkler & Jacobs (1991) and Nessov (1991) refer

Bennettazhia (or Pteranodon) oregonensis to
Azhdarchidae; S. C. Bennett (pers. comm. and 1994)
considers it a dsungaripterid.
Genusame: Bogolubovia
Speciesname: orientalis
Describer: (Bogolubov, 1914) Nessov & Yarkov, 1989
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Bogolubovia Nessov & Yarkov, 1989 =
Bogoliubovia Olshevsky, 1991 [sic]
B. orientalis = Ornithostoma orientale Bogolubov, 1914

emend. Olshevsky, 1991 = Ornithostoma (Pteranodon)
orientalis Bogolubov, 1914*
= Pteranodon orientalis (Bogolubov, 1914)
Genera ending in -stoma are neuter, not feminine, and

so take neuter adjectival specific names. Hence the
spelling change to Ornithostoma orientale. Referred to
the Azhdarchidae by Nessov (1991).
Genusame: Doratorhynchus
Speciesname: validus
Describer: (Owen, 1870) Seeley, 1875
Distribution: Purbeck Limestones, England
Timeperiod: Late Jurassic, Early Cretaceous
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Doratorhynchus Seeley, 1875 [nomen
dubium]
D. validus = Pterodactylus validus Owen, 1870 [nomen

dubium] = Cycnorhamphus validus (Owen, 1870)
[nomen dubium] = Ornithocheirus validus (Owen, 1870)
Newton, 1888 [nomen dubium] = Ornithochirus validus
Lydekker, 1888 [sic] = Doratorhynchus validum Woods,
1891 [sic]
Known from as single slender cervical (neck) vertebrae.

This genus is not considered an azhdarchid by Nessov
(1991). It is placed in Pterodactyloidia incertae sedis by
Howse & A. R. Milner (1995), who also referred some of
the material assigned to the type species to the species
Gnathosaurus macrurus.
Genusame: Montanazhdarcho
Speciesname: minor
Describer: Padian, de Ricqles, & Horner, 1995
Distribution:
Size:
Diet:
Info: Known from scraps of the humerus and radius and
a complete distal carpal of a very small azhdarchid.
Genusame: Quetzalcoathus
Speciesname: northropi
Describer: Lawson, 1975
Distribution: Javelinea Formation, Big Bend National
Park, western Texas, US
Timeperiod: Maastrichtian, Late Cretaceous
Size: Wingspan estimate = max.12 m.
Diet:
Info: Genus: Quetzalcoatlus Lawson, 1975 =
Quetzalcoatus Nessov, 1991 [sic] = Quetzalkoatlus
Nessov & Yarkov, 1989 [sic]
Despite numerous popular accounts of this "largest

known flying animal," this genus remains formally
undescribed and is technically a nomen nudum, but a
diagnosis has been published by Nessov (1991). More
than one species may be represented in referred material
from Texas.
Genusame: Quetzalcoathus
Speciesname: sp.
Describer:
Distribution: Alberta, Canada
Size:
Diet:
Info:
Genusame: Tupuxuara
Speciesname: leonardii
Describer: Kellner & Campos, 1994
Distribution: Santana Formation, northeast Brazil
Size: Skull length = 1.3 m. Wingspan = 5.4 m.
Diet:
Info: Genus: Tupuxuara Kellner & Campos, 1988 =
Tepuxuara Nessov, 1991 [sic]
Although this genus had been classified in Tapejaridae by

Kellner (1990), he now (pers. comm. at 1989 SVP annual
meeting) considers it to be an azhdarchid, based on
comparison with undescribed Quetzalcoatlus skull
material at the Balcones Research Laboratory in Austin,
Texas. It is referred to Azhdarchidae by Nessov (1991).
Genusame: Tupuxuara
Speciesname: longicristatus
Describer: Kellner & Campos, 1988
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Tupuxuara Kellner & Campos, 1988 =
Tepuxuara Nessov, 1991 [sic]
T. longicristatus = Tepuxuara longicristatus Nessov,

1991 [sic]
Genusame: Zhejiangopterus
Speciesname: linhaiensis
Describer: Cai & Wei, 1994
Distribution: Tangshang Group, Linhai city, Zhejiang
Province, China
Size: Skull length estimate = 43 cm. Wingspan = 5 m.
Diet:
Info: Known from at least four crushed but articulated
specimens. A verry large but narrow head
Tapejaridae
Genusame: Tapejara
Speciesname: imperator
Describer:
Size: Skull length = 80 cm.
Diet:
Info:
Genusame: Tapejara
Speciesname: wellnhoferi
Describer:
Size: Skull length = 25 cm.
Diet:
Info: Described in 1990
Pteranodontidae
The genus Pteranodon consists out of several large pterosaurs of the Cretaceous of
North America. Pteranodon had a crested skull and a spanwide of 7,5 meter with a
relatively small body. The hindlegs were small and weak. The bones hollow and
only 1 mm thick creating a reducing of the total weight.
Family: Pteranodontidae Marsh, 1876 = Ornithostomatidae Williston, 1893 =

Ornithostomatinae Williston, 1897 = Pteranodontes Gadow, 1901 =
Pteranodontinae Williston, 1892 = Pternanodontinae Kuhn, 1967 [sic]
Genusame: Ornithostoma
Speciesname: orientalis
Describer:
Distribution: Petrowsk, Russia
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Ornithostoma Seeley, 1871 [nomen dubium] Under O. orientalis and
O. seeleyi belong: P. ingens, P. marshi, P. occidentalis, P. eatoni, P. walkeri
Speciesname: sedgwicki
Describer: Seeley, 1891
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Ornithostoma Seeley, 1871 [nomen dubium]
Seeley erected the genus Ornithostoma without a type species in January 1871 to
accommodate a toothless premaxilla and two other edentulous jaw fragments. The
premaxilla had previously been described by Owen (1859) as the proximal end of
a pterosaurian wing-finger metacarpal. Sometime after learning of Marsh's
Pteranodon, Seeley (1891) realized that the jaw of the North American genus was
similar to his Ornithostoma fragments and intimated that the two forms might be
congeneric. At the same time, he erected the name Ornithostoma sedgwicki for
the British species, which, since it is the first species coined within, became the
type species of that genus. This was overlooked by Williston (1893), who
synonymized the two genera with Ornithostoma ingens (formerly Pteranodon
ingens) as the "type" species, and by Lydekker (1904), who unnecessarily created
Ornithostoma seeleyi to serve as type species. Ornithostoma sedgwicki is not to be
confused with Ornithocheirus sedgwickii, for material Owen placed in his new
species Pterodactylus sedgwickii elsewhere in the aforementioned 1859 work.
Unwin (in Benton, 1993) referred the genus Ornithostoma to Pteranodontidae.
Source: George Olshevksy
Speciesname: seeleyi
Describer: Lydekker, 1904 [nomen dubium]
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Ornithostoma Seeley, 1871 [nomen dubium]
O. sedgwicki = Ornithostoma seeleyi Lydekker, 1904 [nomen dubium]
Under O. orientalis and O. seeleyi belong: P. ingens, P. marshi, P. occidentalis, P.

eatoni, P. walkeri
Pteranodon ingens
Genusame: Pteranodon
Speciesname: longiceps
Describer: Marsh, 1876
Distribution: Niobrara Formation, Kansas, US
Timeperiod: Santonian, Late Cretaceous
Size: Skull length max.1.8 m. Wingspan = 7 m.
Diet:
Info: Genus: Pteranodon Marsh, 1876 = Geosternbergia Miller, 1978 (as a
subgenus) = Geosternbergia (Miller, 1978) Olshevsky, 1991 = Longicepia Miller,
1978 (as a subgenus) = Longicepis Miller, 1972 [sic] = Occidentalia Miller, 1972
(as a subgenus) = Ornithochirus Cope, 1872 [sic; for Ornithocheirus] =
Ornithostoma Williston, 1893 non Seeley, 1871 = Pteronodon Tonks, 1995 [sic; in
Dinosaur Collector's Club Newsletter] = Sternbergia Miller, 1972/Jordan, 1925 (as
a subgenus)
P. longiceps = Pteranodon (Longicepia) longiceps (Marsh, 1876) Miller, 1972 =

Pteranodon (Pteranodon) longiceps (Marsh, 1876) Miller, 1973† = Pterodactylus
oweni Marsh, 1871 non Seeley, 1864 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus
occidentalis Marsh, 1872 [nomen dubium; replacement name for Pterodactylus
oweni Marsh, 1871] = Pteranodon (Occidentalia) occidentalis (Marsh, 1872)
Olshevsky, 1978 [nomen dubium] = Pteranodon occidentalis (Marsh, 1872) Marsh,
1876 [nomen dubium] = Ornithocheirus harpyia Cope, 1872 emend. Newton, 1888
[nomen dubium] = Ornithochirus harpyia Cope, 1872 [nomen dubium] =
Pteranodon harpyia (Cope, 1872) Williston, 1903 [nomen dubium] =
Ornithocheirus umbrosus Cope, 1872 emend. Newton, 1888 [nomen dubium] =
Ornithochirus umbrosus Cope, 1872 [nomen dubium] = Ornithostoma umbrosum
(Cope, 1872) Williston, 1897 = Pteranodon umbrosus (Cope, 1872) Williston, 1892
[nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus umbrosus (Cope, 1872) Cope, 1874 [nomen
dubium] = Pterodactylus ingens Marsh, 1872 [nomen dubium] = Ornithostoma
ingens (Marsh, 1872) Williston, 1893 [nomen dubium] = Pteranodon ingens
(Marsh, 1872) Marsh, 1876 [nomen dubium] = Pteranodon (Longicepia) ingens
(Marsh, 1872) Olshevsky, 1978 [nomen dubium] = Pteranodon (Pteranodon)
ingens (Marsh, 1872) Olshevsky, 1978 [nomen dubium] = Pterodactylus velox
Marsh, 1872 [nomen dubium] [juv.] = Pteranodon velox (Marsh, 1872) Marsh,
1876 [nomen dubium] [juv.] = Pterodactylus owenii Cope, 1874 [sic] =
Pteranodon comptus Marsh, 1876 [nomen dubium; juv.; in part] = Pteranodon
(Longicepia) longieceps Miller, 1972 [sic] = Pteranodon (Longicepia) marshi Miller,
1972 = Pteranodon marshi (Miller, 1972) = Pteranodon ( Pteranodon) marshi
(Miller, 1972) Miller, 1973 = Pteranodon ingens Marsh, 1876 non Marsh, 1872 =
Pteranodon occidentails Miller, 1972 [sic] = Pteranodon occidetalis Miller, 1972
[sic] = Pteranodon (Sternbergia) walkeri Miller, 1972 [juv.] = Geosternbergia
walkeri (Miller, 1972) Olshevsky, 1991 [juv.] = Pteranodon walkeri (Miller, 1972)
Miller, 1972 [juv.] = Pteranodon (Geosternbergia) walkeri (Miller, 1972) Miller,
1978 [juv.] = Pteranodon oxydactylus McGinnis, 1982 [sic]
(Pteranodon longiceps = toothless wing) Pteranodon is known from thousands of

specimens, mostly disarticulated and crushed bits and pieces. Origianly named
"Pterodactylus," discovered in 1871.

Speciesname: sternbergi
Describer: Harksen, 1966 (paraspecies)
Distribution: Kansas, US
Size:
Diet:
a subgenus)
P. sternbergi = Geosternbergia sternbergi (Harksen, 1966) Olshevsky, 1991 =

Pteranodon (Geosternbergia) sternbergi (Harksen, 1966) Miller, 1978 =
Pteranodon (Sternbergia) sternbergi (Harksen, 1966) Miller, 1972 = Pteranodon
sternberg Harksen, 1966 [sic] = Pteranodon (Occidentalia) eatoni Miller, 1972 =
Pteranodon eatoni (Miller, 1972) Miller, 1972 [juv.] = Pteranodon occidentalis
Marsh, 1876 non Marsh, 1872 [juv.]
This genus is organized according to Bennett (1994). After examining virtually all
of the more than 1100 specimens of Pteranodon known from the Niobrara
Formation, Bennett determined that there are only two valid species in the genus,
well separated stratigraphically and morphologically. All the other named "species"
not referable to the genus Nyctosaurus are either nomina dubia or junior
subjective synonyms of the two valid species, their observed anatomical
differences representing individual or anagenetic variation, the two sexes (a large
"male" morph with narrow pelvic canal and a smaller "female" morph with wide
pelvic canal), and/or growth stages or allometry (e.g., in crest and specimen
sizes). The nomina dubia are based on topotype Niobrara Formation specimens
and may thereby tentatively be synonymized with one or the other valid species
by stratigraphy. Sexes in this listing are designated according to the presumed
sexes of their type specimens. Pteranodon sternbergi is noted here as a
paraspecies because according to Bennett it was almost certainly ancestral to
Pteranodon longiceps; it occurs only in older Niobrara strata. Miller (1972)
subdivided the genus Pteranodon into four subgenera: Longicepia Miller, 1972
(type species Pteranodon longiceps Marsh, 1876), Occidentalia Miller, 1972 (type
species Pteranodon (Occidentalia) eatoni Miller, 1972, based on a specimen
originally referred to Pteranodon occidentalis Marsh, 1872 by Marsh, 1876),
Sternbergia Miller, 1972 (type species Pteranodon sternbergi Harksen, 1966), and
Nyctosaurus Marsh, 1876 (type species Nyctosaurus gracilis [Marsh, 1876] Marsh,
1876). However, Longicepia is a junior objective synonym of Pteranodon itself, as
a subgenus, because it contains the type species; Nyctosaurus is a genus distinct
from Pteranodon (Schoch, 1984) that belongs in its own family (Bennett, 1989);
Occidentalia is a junior subjective synonym of Pteranodon (Wellnhofer, 1978); and
Sternbergia is a preoccupied name, later changed to Geosternbergia by Miller
(1978). Olshevsky (1991) considered Geosternbergia to be a separate genus, but
Bennett's analysis renders generic separation from Pteranodon unnecessary: The
supposed differences in skull morphology between Pteranodon sternbergi and
Pteranodon longiceps arose largely from preservational factors and errors in
specimen reconstruction that appear in the literature. Only the crest shapes and a
few minor features of skull anatomy are diagnostically distinct; postcranially, the
species are indistinguishable. Source: George Olshevsky
Pteranodon sternbergi
Speciesname: sp.
Describer:
Distribution: Japan
Size:
Diet:
a subgenus)
Nyctosauridae
Family: Nyctosauridae Nicholson & Lydekker, 1889 =

Nyctodactylinae Williston, 1897 = Nyctosaurinae F.
Plieninger, 1907
Genusame: Nyctosaurus
Speciesname: bonneri
Describer: Miller, 1972
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Info: Genus: Nyctosaurus Marsh, 1876 = Nyctisaurus
Marsh, 1880 [sic] = Nyctodactylus Marsh, 1881 =
Nytosaurus Miller, 1972 [sic]
Nyctosaurus bonneri is probably a junior subjective

synonym of Nyctosaurus gracilis (Bennett, 1991, 1994).
N. bonneri = Pteranodon (Nyctosaurus) bonneri Miller,

1972 = Pteranodon bonneri (Miller, 1972) Miller, 1972 =
Nyctosaurus sternbergi Bonner, 1964 vide Miller, 1972
[nomen manuscriptum]
Describer: Marsh, 1876
Distribution: Niobrara Formation, western Kansas, US
Timeperiod: Santonian, Late Cretaceous
Size: Skull length = 30 cm. Wingspan = 2.9 m.
Diet:
N. gracilis = Pteranodon gracilis Marsh, 1876 =

Nyctodactylus gracilis (Marsh, 1876) Marsh, 1881 =
Pteranodon (Nyctosaurus) gracilis (Marsh, 1876) Miller,
1972 = Pteranodon comptus Marsh, 1876 [nomen
dubium; in part] = Nyctosaurus leptodactylus Williston,
1903 = Pteranodon (Nytosaurus) gracilis Miller, 1972
[sic]
(Nyctosaurus gracilis = night reptile) Nyctosaurus was

a long-winged, toothless pterosaur with a long, sharp
snout.
Speciesname: lamegoi
Describer: Price, 1953
Size:
Diet:
N. lamegoi = Nyctodactylus lamegoi (Price, 1953) Kuhn,

1961 = Pteranodon (Nyctosaurus) lamegoi (Price, 1953)
Miller, 1972
Speciesname: nanus
Describer: (Marsh, 1881) Schoch, 1984
Distribution:
Timeperiod:
Size:
Diet:
Nyctosaurus nanus = Pteranodon nanus Marsh, 1881

Eudimorphodon and other early pterosaurs

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Eudimorphodon and other early pterosaurs

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Pterossauros

Parafamily: Dimorphodontidae (nom. emend. ex Dimorphodontae) Seeley, 1870

D. macronyx = Pterodactylus macronyx Buckland, 1829 = Dimorphodon macronyx

(Peteinosaurus zambellii = winged saurian of Zambelli) Peteinosaurus was

The Anurognathids formed a group of small pterosaurs strongly related to the

(Nesodactylus hesperius =island finger of the west)

The Campylognathoididae lived during the Early Jurassic in Europe.

Family: Campylognathoididae Unwin, 1992 = Campylognathoidinae Kuhn, 1967 =

Campylognathoides liasicus = Pterodactylus liasicus Quenstedt, 1858 =

(Campylognathoides liasicus =curved jaw of the Liassic)

Consitst mainly out of Rhamphorhynchus en Dorygnathus.

Family: Rhamphorhynchidae (nom. emend. ex Rhamphorhynchae) Seeley, 1870 =

A. longicephalus He, Yan & Su, 1983 = Angustinarhipterus congicephalus Dong,

Angustinaripterus is represented by a uncrushed specimen that displays the

P. purdoni (Newton, 1888) Arthaber, 1918 = Scaphognathus purdoni Newton,

(Parapsicephalus purdoni = double-vaulted skull of Reverend

R. bucklandi = Pterodactylus bucklandi von Meyer, 1832 [nomen dubium] =

?R. depressirostris = Rhamphorhynchus depressirostris Huxley, 1859 [nomen

?R. prestwichi = Rhamphorhynchus prestwichi Seeley, 1880 [nomen dubium] =

R. gemmingi = Pterodactylus gemmingi von Meyer, 1846 = Pterodactylus

R. intermedius var. brevialata Koh, 1937 [New large species to be described;

R. longicaudus = Pterodactylus longicaudus Münster, 1839 = Odontorhynchus

R. longiceps = Ornithocephalus giganteus Oken, 1819 [nomen dubium] =

R. muensteri = Rhamphorhynchus münsteri (Goldfuss, 1831) von Meyer, 1846 =

(Rhamphorhynchus muensteri = beak-snout, long tail) A long-winged, long-tailed

S. crassirostris = Pterodactylus crassirostris Goldfuss, 1831 = Brachytrachelus

Rhamphorhynchoidia - Incertae Sedis

The Scaphognatide showed some primitive characteristics. De wings were

Family: Criorhynchidae Kuhn, 1967 = Criorhynchinae Hooley, 1914

Generally considered a synonym of Criorhynchus, this genus was separated from it

(Tropeognathus robustus = keel jaw) Tropeognathus has a crest above and below

C. suevicus = Pterodactylus suevicus Quenstedt, 1855 non Oken, 1825 =

(Cycnorhamphus suevicus = swan beak) Possible the most primitive

Family: Dsungaripteridae Young, 1964 = Dsungaripteroidea Young, 1964

(Dsungaripterus weii =Junggar wing) Know from a few none complete but

P. parvus = Dsungaripterus parvus Bakhurina, 1982 = Fabeter parvus Ivakhnenko

P. globosus = Punctanipterus globosus Gasparini, Leanza & Garate Zubillaga, 1987

Family: Dsungaripteridae Young, 1964 = Dsungaripteroidea Young, 1964

(Dsungaripterus weii =Junggar wing) Know from a few none complete but

P. parvus = Dsungaripterus parvus Bakhurina, 1982 = Fabeter parvus Ivakhnenko

P. globosus = Punctanipterus globosus Gasparini, Leanza & Garate Zubillaga, 1987

Family: Germanodactylidae Young, 1964

G. cristatus (Wiman, 1925) Young, 1964 = Pterodactylus cristatus Wiman, 1925 =

(Germanodactylus cristatus = German finger with a crest)

G. rhamphastinus (Wagner, 1851) Wellnhofer, 1970 = Ornithocephalus

(Germanodactylus rhamphastinus = German finger) G. rhamphastinus is distinct

(Istiodactylus latidens =sail finger) This pterosaur is

Family: Pterodaustridae Bonaparte, 1971 =

P. guinazui = Pterodaustro guiñazui Bonaparte, 1970 =

A unique pterosaur, most obviously the teeth in the

Family: Ornithocheiridae (nom. emend. ex

Composed skull of "Ornithocheirus" based on

A. conandoylei emend nov.= Arthurdactylus conan-doylei

Named after Sir Arthur Conan-Doylefor the writer of The

B. araripensis = Brasileodactylus araripendis Kellner,

Known by four inches of the front end of the lower jaws.

Generally considered a synonym of Ornithocheirus, this

Generally considered a synonym of Ornithocheirus, this

?L. giganteus = Pterodactylus giganteus Bowerbank,

Generally considered a synonym of Ornithocheirus, this

Generally considered a synonym of Ornithocheirus, this

Generally considered a synonym of Ornithocheirus, this