MARTIN, CHRISTINE JOYE O. DR.

JOCELYN FLORES

DENT2A (TH 11:00-1:00) ORAL HISTOLOGY

QUIZ
ALVEOLAR BONE and ORAL MUCOSA
1-3 ENUMERATE THREE STRUCTURES OF THE ALVEOLAR BONE

The three structures of the alveolar bone are:

a) ALVEOLAR BONE PROPER –This is the bone lining the socket. It consists of a
thin lamella of bone that surrounds the root of the tooth and gives
attachment to the principal fibers of the periodontal ligament. In
radiograph, appears as radiopaque line distinct from the adjacent
spongiosa – Lamina Dura.
b) SPONGIOSA or TRABECULAR BONE –This is also known as the cancellous
bone or spongy bone which is the interior portion. This fills the area between
the cortical plates and the alveolar bone proper. Consists of delicate
trabeculae, between which are marrow spaces, filled mostly with fatty
marrow.
c) CORTICAL PLATE or COMPACT BONE –This is composed of inner and outer
cortical plates. The cortical plates are continuous with the compact layers
of maxillary and mandibular body.
4-8 GIVE FIVE EXAMPLES OF LINING MUCOSA?
Lining mucosa is a type of mucosa noted for its softer surface texture, moist
surface, and ability to stretch and be compressed, acting as a cushion for the
underlying structures. Lining mucosa includes:
1. Buccal mucosa
2. Labial mucosa
3. Alveolar mucosa
4. Mucosa lining the ventral surface of the tongue and floor of the mouth
5. Soft palate

9-10. SPACES IN BONE WHICH HOUSES OSTEOCYTES

Lacunae are small spaces containing an osteocyte in bone. The lacunae
are situated between the lamellae, and consist of a number of oblong spaces. In
an ordinary microscopic section, viewed by transmitted light, they appear as
fusiform opaque spots. Lacunae are connected to one another by small canals
called canaliculi. A lacuna never contains more than one osteocyte.
ESSAY:
1. The maxilla and mandible falls under what type of bone ossification?
Support your answer. 5 pts

Maxilla and mandible falls under the intramembranous bone formation.

Alveolar bone is that part of the maxilla and mandible which supports the teeth
by forming the “other” attachment for fibres of the periodontal ligament. It
consists of two plates of cortical bone separated by spongy bone.

Intramembranous ossification is the process of bone development from fibrous

membranes. Intramembranous bone formation occurs in two types of bone:
bundle bone and lamellar bone. The bone bundle develops directly in
connective tissue that has not been calcified. Here, ossification begins as
mesenchymal cells form a template of the future bone. They then differentiate
into osteoblasts at the ossification center. Primary ossification centers only show
minimal bone calcification density. Osteoblasts secrete the extracellular matrix
and deposit calcium, which hardens the matrix. The non-mineralized portion of
the bone or osteoid continues to form around blood vessels, forming spongy
bone. Connective tissue in the matrix differentiates into red bone marrow in the
fetus. The spongy bone is remodeled into a thin layer of compact bone on the
surface of the spongy bone.

2. Why does a masticatory mucosa be covered with a keratinized epithelium?

5 pts

The attached gingiva and tissue covering the hard palate are masticatory
mucosa. The interface between the epithelium and lamina propria in masticatory
mucosa is highly interdigitated with numerous and more-pronounced rete ridges
and connective tissue papillae, giving it a firm base. When masticatory mucosa
overlies bone, with or without submucosa, it increases the firmness of the tissue.
These general histological features allow this type of mucosa to function in the
regions that need a firm base during mastication and speech. A stratified
squamous keratinized epithelium is found on surfaces subject to the abrasion that
occurs with mastication. These tissues are parakeratinized or keratinized to
withstand the forces of mastication