Rough notes

English Language

A quick recap

1. A report is a formal piece of writing written for a specific reason.

2. It must be written in a formal tone focusing around the topic only.
3. Any irrelevant discussion is not recommended.
4. It is very important that before writing a report, the writer must collect ideas and focus on the
aim.
5. Highlight the facts and figures to enable a better understanding of the text.
6. Using the correct format is important.

Steps in report writing

1. Determine the scope of the report.

2. Consider your audience.
3. Gather your information.
4. Analyze your information.
5. Determine the solution.
6. Organize your report.

Written task

Write a report to the Editor of a local newspaper discussing about the pandemic of Covid-19. In your
report, discuss:

1. What is Covid-19 along with its symptoms?

2. The impact this pandemic has on the world (socially, financially, etc.)
3. Write down the measures that can be taken to prevent the spread of Covid-19.

Begin your report with ‘To the Editor.’

Keep your tone formal and remember to focus on each bullet point instruction in a separate
paragraph.

Paragraph 1: Bullet point 1

1. Coronavirus is a disease related to respiratory disorder.

2. It was first diagnosed in Wuhan, city of China.
3. Early symptoms of the disease are slight fever and cough.
4. Discuss how severe it can get.
5. Is it life-threatening?
6. What is the current situation in your country?

Symptoms

Fever- common
Headache-less typical

Fatigue-common

Diarrhea- less typical

Aching muscles- common

Shortness/out of breath- common

Phlegm buildup- less typical

Dry and severe cough- common

Hemoptysis- less typical

Flu

Sore throat

Paragraph 2: Bullet point 2

Why is it spreading?

1. Lack of social distancing

2. Unawareness, etc.

The impact on the world

1. Carbon emissions
2. Waste
3. Wildlife and habitat
4. Energy
5. Schools closed
6. Quarantine
7. Closed

Paragraph 3: Bullet point 3

Discuss the preventive measures in detail, some of which are:

1. wash your hands.

2. Use medical mask and sanitizer.
3. Avoid crowded places.
4. Don't touch eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.
5. Avoid contact with sick people.
6. Stay at home.
7. 6 feet

Make sure:

1. Use three paragraphs.

2. Follow the format.
3. Keep your tone formal.
4. Makre use of connectives.
5. Do not use contactions.
6. End with signature, full name and formal date.
7. Word limit: 180-200

Mathematics

Total surface area of cone

Formula: pi rsquare + pi r l

Science

Food chains: A food chain shows a single pathway from the producers to the consumers and how
the energy flows in this pathway.

Grass-caterpillar-rabbit-eagle-lion

Links in the foodchain

1. Producers: make their own food using sunlight.

2. Primary consumer: feeds on producers only (herbivores)
3. Secondary consumer: feeds on both primary consumer and producer
4. Tertiary consumer: feeds on secondary consumers
5. Quaternary consumers- feeds on tertiary consumers
6. Apex: it ends the food chain.

Food web

1. Food web is an interconnected pathway with several food chains in an ecosystem.

2. This is because many animals eat more than one type of food or could be eaten by different
animals.
3. Let's have a look.
Food chain vs food web

Food chain
1. A linear pathway showing the flow of energy
2. Even if one group of an organism is disturbed, the whole chain will be affected.

Food web

1. A multitude of networks showing the flow of energy

2. The food web does not get disturbed by the removal of one group of organisms.

Wrap up

Food chain is a linear channel of energy transfer, whereas food web is an interconnected channel.

If one organism is skipped, the food chain will break an inhibit energy transfer, whereas in a food
web, energy transfer is uninterrupted.

English Literature

The Medicine Bag

By Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve

About the author

1. Born at the height of the Great Depression, Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve grew up on the
Rosebud Sioux reservation in South Dakota.
2. Her parents often had to leave the reservation to find work, so Sneve spent much of her
childhood living with her grandmothers.
3. These women, whom Sneve describes as strong, dignified, and loving lit her childhood with vivid
folktales and stories of native American life.
4. Through her own stories, Virginia Driving Hawk Sneve seeks to provide young people with
authentic representations of Native American culture.

Do you know about the Sioux tribe?

1. The Sioux tribe were famous for their hunting and warrior culture.
2. They believed that animals, plants, and humans all came from one source: Mother Earth.
3. They also believed that although each creature, including humans, had its own ‘spirit’ or
‘wakan’, this spirit came from one universal source: the Great Spirit, or Wakan Tanka.
4. Siouan men were known for their great courage and physical strength.

What did they believe in?

The Great Plains tribes such as the Sioux believed in Manitou, the Great Spirit.

Where did they live?

The American Great Plains

This region mainly extended across the states of Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,
North Dakota, and South Dakota.

Questions from paragraph 1

1. What do you think is the setting of this story?
2. Why, according to you, Martin and his sister, used to exaggerate about their Grandpa?

Answer 1

Setting:

1. Martin’s house
2. Martin's general neighbourhood/street
3. (flashback) Iron Shell’s village

What do you think?

Martin allows his friends to imagine his grandfather is just like the stereotypical Indians in the
movies. When his friends finally meet the real Joe Iron Shell, who do you think will be more of a
disappointment: Martin or his Grandfather?

Context clues

We always had some authentic Sioux articles to show our listeners. One year, Cheryl had new
moccasins that Grandpa had made. On another visit, he gave me a small, round flat rawhide drum
which was decorated with a painting of a warrior riding a horse.

1. What is meant by the word authentic over here?

2. How did you deduce the meaning?

Reflect on this dialogue

I felt cold and hot at the same time as I recognized the man. “Oh no!” I whispered. “It’s Grandpa.”

1. What does feel cold and hot at the same time mean?
2. Why is Martin not happy to see his grandpa?

Compare and contrast

She checked her move to embrace Grandpa, and I remembered that such a display of affection is
unseemly to the Sioux and would embarrass him. “Hau, Marie,”he said as he shook Mom’s hand.
She smiled and took his other arm, knowing that there is not a big deal of difference between
herslef and Raymond and that she can’t afford to throw stones.

1. What does this text reveal about Sioux customs?

2. How do these customs compare or contrast with your way of life?

Let’s consolidate

Exposition: in a story, the exposition is the background information.

The exposition of The Medicine Bag is when Martin talks about him and his sister bragging about his
grandfather to their friends.

Inciting incident: in a story, the inciting incident is what starts the conflict or problem in a story.
The inciting incident in The Medicine Bag is when grandpa comes to visit Martin and his family.
Martin struggles not to be embarrassed of his grandfather’s ‘un-nativeness’ though he knows he
shouldn’t feel that way.

The rising action: in a story, the rising action is defined as the key elements between the inciting
incident and the climax.

The rising action in The Medicine Bag is the way the different family members get overwhelmed on
Grandpa’s arrival.