TASK OF SECOND REPORT TOPIC “ MANAGEMENT OF TROPICAL FISHERIES”

A. The scale of Indonesia’s fisheries subsidies

In Indonesia, the fishermen population is dominated by small-scale fishermen (95%),

who are traditional fishermen. This situation also exists in the town of Tegal, a city located on
the coast, where fishermen operating in the territorial waters of Tegal are small-scale
fishermen. The presence of small-scale fisheries contributes significantly for the coastal
communities in employment opportunities and also generates local revenue for Tegal city
Government. Small-scale fishermen are characterized as fishermen who operate traditional
fishing equipment, have limitations in providing production factors for fishing, and have
fishing grounds not far from the beach, so their operations are limiting to the areas around the
coast. Most of these small-scale fishermen are considered at a low welfare standards of
living.
The total value of Indonesia’s fisheries subsidies remains difficult to ascertain
precisely, particularly in light of the limited sources of data available for this study.
Nevertheless, in an effort to provide a “guesstimate” of Indonesia’s total, we considered three
sources of information.
Indonesia makes use of fisheries subsidies in many different forms and for different
purposes. Drawing on preliminary interviews and desk studies, we originally identified six
basic kinds of Indonesian fisheries subsidies programs:

1. Coastal community development subsidies, mainly through the Coastal Community

Economy Empowerment Program (“Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir, or
“PEMP”);
2. Fishing enterprise development programs, mainly through the Small Scale Fishing
Enterprise Development Program (“Pengembangan Usaha Perikanan Tangkap Skala
Kecil” or “PUPTSK”), which consists of several subsidiary programs for optimizing
specific fishing or fisheries-related activities (known as the “OPTI” programs);
3. Fuel subsidies, mainly through the Fuel Oil Program (“Bahan Bakar Minyak” or
“BBM”);
4. Various supports for fisheries and marine conservation, management, and
rehabilitation;
 5. Fishing harbor infrastructure subsidies, mainly through the Development of
Infrastructure
6. Program (“Pengembangan Sarana Prasarana” or “PSP”); and Other programs,
including price supports and subsidized credit programs for providing easily
accessible capital to fishing, processing, and marketing activities.
B. Discussion: Policy Coherence & Effectiveness
Discussion of the policy coherence and effectiveness of Indonesia’s fisheries
subsidies. As noted above, the ultimate goal of Indonesian fisheries policy is to ensure the
longterm welfare and development of Indonesia’s fisheries-dependent communities. But with
Indonesian fisheries now at a crossroads, it is clear that achieving poverty reduction and
durable economic growth depends on policies that are balanced and integrated. The key
elements of such a balanced and integrated approach are clearly set forth in Indonesian
fisheries legislation. In the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 31 of 2004 Concerning
Fisheries, Article 2—the first substantive article of the law—states in its entirety: Fisheries
management shall be carried out under the principles of benefit, equality, partnership, equal
distribution, integration, transparency, efficiency. and sustainable preservation.
2. Local legislation
Government policy in the field of marine and fisheries are important determinants of
substance increase the economic and social sectors of the fishing community. Policies are
needed to improve the quality of the results of marine and fisheries, due to the nature of the
oceans that open access (accessible to the general public) and res nullius (marine products
belong to the individuals captured) which may cause the sea state becomes overcapacity
(more capture power) and damage the ecosystem therein. State power can result in catching
more fish catches reduced fishing communities. In addition, coastal lifestyle of the people
who still depend on pengambe ', and low
education levels, lack of support fisherman socioeconomic progress. It is still the case in
coastal communities Puger, Jember until now, so throughout the year 2001-2012 the
government implemented a policy of empowerment include the development of coastal
fishing communities and other coastal communities in the areas of skill improvement,
environmental conservation, and maritime expansion. The regulation may have implications
for the wider socioeconomic fishing communities.
Because local regulations were created at both the provincial and district level there is
potentially a wide variation in the details of these laws and regulations, and a significant
possibility of potential conflict with those issued by the central government. The exact nature
and extent of these real, and imagined conflicts, are an ongoing source of confusion which
significantly hampers careful management of marine resources.

C. Why Fishing Regulations Should Be Accompanied By Support Schemes (Including

Subsidies, Compensation Etc.)
a. Understanding social economics characteristics of small-scale fisheries will facilitate
successful planning and managing sustainability fish stocks and coastal waters environment.
To guarantee sustainability of coastal fisheries in the Tegal city, some management action
such as new policies, regulations, strategies which involve fishermen, government, marine
agency, the community, NGOs must be considered by stakeholders to ensure that all
stakeholders comply with conservation objectives. In addition, there is a special need
assistance to strengthen the independence of fishermen by providing skills or other beneficial
activities that are useful in generating income during periods when they could not go to the
sea due to bad weather. Providing working capital in ways that would not burden the
fishermen is also a means to increase catch productivity.
b. Substantial portion of Indonesia’s fisheries subsidies are in the highest two categories of
risk for unintentionally contributing to overcapacity or overfishing. For subsidies
administered by MMAF, these high risk subsidies may be more than 30% of overall subsidy
spending, without even considering massive fuel subsidies.
C. The experience of fishermen suggests that Indonesia should shift away from subsidies to
capacity/effort and towards subsidies that increase increasing product value.

NAME : ELY JOHN KARIMELA

UNIVESITY : SAM RATULANG