5 Moment Distribution Method Prof, Hardy Cross.a professor in the University of Mlinois made fone of the greatest contributions in the analysis of statically indeterminate beams and frames with rigid joints in 1930. 5.1 BASIC PROPOSITIONS It will be found convenient to discuss the following basic propositions : (@) Propped cantilever AB fixed at A and propped at B and subjected t0 a couple M at B. Fig. 5.1 shows a propped cantilever AB fixed at A and freely supported at B and subjected toa clockwise couple M at B. Let R be the reaction at B. x 7 | , “ dagen oa Consider any secon distant x othe freon B. 7 2M, w te ssion FI = Re Integrating, 7 dy Re A gee, BoP ec, dy RP A vay 20 02 * mec, ‘ 2 ans RP RE Hence, the slope at any section is given by P ( 2) 2 Rr BRE age gt a2 2) Integrating again, (slope equation) fx? RP © fu oe At At SubstitutingR= in the slope equation, we get, Let i, be the slope at B. i,- ay Also, the BM. at A aM =M,= REM = Tis easily seen that the BM. at M atA=M,= "5 (sageing). M Hence, in onder the B.Myat Ais Gagging), te reacting M moment M, at A= (clockwise) But the applied moment at B = M (clockwise). M . The reacting moment ‘7 atthe end A due to the application ofthe applied moment at B is called the carry-over moment. This Principle is called the carry-over theorem and may be stated as follows: When a moment M is applied to produce rotation without translation atthe near supported end B ofa beam whose farther end Ais fixed, the carry-over moment M, at the father end is one- half the applied moment M and is ofthe Same sense (order) as that of the applied moment. Now consider the slope at B, given by i, = 2 fow consider he slope at B, given by i= Ter ‘oc the moment M which should be applied at 50 to produce a slope i a Bis given by. 4E1 way ‘Moment required to be applied at B, so as to produce unit 4EL slope at Bis equal to“) ‘This is called the stiffness ofthe member AB. Definition, When a structural member of uniform section is subjected 10 a moment at one end only, then the moment required ‘0 as to rotate that end to produce unit slope, is called the stiffness of the member. 4EI Hence forthe propped cantilever the stiffness = ~~| MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD (8) A freely supported beam AB subjected at a couple M at B. Fig. 52 shows a beam AB freely supported at A and B. Let a clockwise couple M be applied at B. Let the reaction at B be RT v, Reaction at A= RL ‘Taking moments about A, RI=M Consider any section distant x from B. ‘The BIM. a the section is given by, st 2 Reema 2 T Integrating, we get, yt, Me ac 2 Inegrating again, we get —Mr+C, dy Me MI ac 3 3EI of, the moment required 10 be applied at B so as to produce a agiven slope i, a B is given by 3Elig r iffness ofthe member = Moment required tobe applied at B so.as to produce unit slope at B. 3EI T (©) The Distribution Theorem. A moment which is applied to 4 structural joint to produce rotation without translation gets distributed among the connecting members at the joint in the same proportion as their stffnesses. 205 Let members AO, BO, CO, DO and FO be connected rigidly at the joint O. See Fig. 5.3. 4 Fig. 53 Leta moment M be applied tothe joint 0. the members are all connected rigidly at O, the slope at O foreach member will be the same. Let the ends B and D be hinged while the other ends are fixed. Let ly, ly ly ly and 1, be the lengths of the members OA, OB, 06, OD and OE. Let ly Ly Fy fy and Ig, be moments of inertia ofthese members, Let E,, E, Ey E,, and Es, be the moduli of Elasticity ofthese ‘members, LeU i das fs fat At ing Be the slopes for these members at 0. LLetthe applied moment M divide into Mf, Ms, My, Mg, and Ms, for these members at O, so that M=My+ My+Myt Mats Mh Obviously, ia gg, 7, steeAisfixed; Maly = Serj, since Bis hinged 7 since Cis fixed 7 since Dis hinged and since Eis fixed 5 but My Maly _ Msls _ Mala Msls 4E\T, * 3Eyl, 4EsI; BEI, 4E sly Ms Ms Ms aeh) [ieh) [48 1) me) Re) AS) se Myo: My: May Ey Baty 4Eyly , 3E Te, Es Is =, ko ho Ok! Hence, M;, Mz, My, My, and Ms are in the same proportion as, the stiffnesses'of the members, “206 4Bh g 3B Le = a raee E 6, Es 1s BE sly 4Es Is oh Woes MyM; Mi Ms_M 6° 0;"6, % O o where M= M,+M,Ms+M,+Mg otal applied moment and, 6 =; +0 +0) +0, +05 otal stiffness a the joint 0. o The ratio! is called the distribution factor forthe member OA at the Joint 0. Simitarly £2, , 2 a 5 the distribu fa similarly 2, ,° ang are the distibuion factors for the members OB, OC, OD and OE at 0. Definition. The distribution factor for a member at a joint is the ratio of the stiffness of the member to the total stiffness of all the members meeting at the joint. Problem I. Determine the stiffness ofthe beam at the end B of the beam shown in Fig. 54 and carry-over moment at A ifa moment ‘M is applied at B. Note, a hinge is provided at C 4 ia —8 Hinge 7 3) “ ne Pi rll | P vat ¢ Fig. 54 Solution. Let V, and V, be the reactions atthe supports A and B. Since the bending moment at Cis zero, M. Vax boat OMT and v= tL [Now the beam may be taken to consist of M (A camitever AC of length acarying an upward load 5 at c (i) A beam CB hinged at Cand B and subjected tothe couple Mas, ‘THEORY OF STRUCTURES Considering the cantilever AC Deft co ee M lection at C= iy 367 3b EL Segment CB ‘Atany section distant x from B, yy M ee x eine Integrating, Integrating again, m _aM ASP YS Sy EL aM _ Mb? Mb M By MMO MO cy ca Me) 3b EI 6 2 * ic 367 re Slope at B Putting x= 0 in the slope equation, ED ae (+a) =, M: eB El Beye OME MS BGs » Siffness at B= Moment at B to produce unit slope at B ae? vege Dea a 4 Me ‘arry-over moment A = 5.2 RELATIVE STIFFNESS Consider the rigid joint O where the members AO, BO, CO, DO and EO meet shown in Fig. 5.3. Ifa couple M is applied at O, we ‘know it gets distributed among the members into components M,, ‘Mz, My, M,, and My in proportion of their stiffnesses, My: My: My: My: Ms AE, 3B, 4Eyly BE 4E Is “4 4 4h 4 4 hd h hh 3 te “hia hihia h3hh3h ols The raios = Fog pep egy, amd ye ae called the relative stifnesses of the members OA, OB, OC, OD, and OE. The relative stiffness of a member ata joint whose farther end ot is fixed is | where 1 member. ‘The relative stiffness of a member ata joint, whose farther end ‘MAL. of the section and [= length of the is hinged or simply supported = 5+ Obviously distribution factor of a joint at a member = Relative stiffness of the member Total relative stiffness atthe joint It-will be found convenient to determine the distribution factors in this way. Consider for example the continuous beam ABCMOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD consisting of spans AB = 4 m and BC and the end C be simply supported or hinged. Let the moments of inertia of the spans be such that [a : Ike = 1:2 5 Fig. 65 La lye oll 4Ely 4EL Tom ty 4 3m, _ 3601) nr) Total stiffness at joint B= 6 = E+ 2612387 Sie EL Stiffness of BA =H Stiffness of BC = 6,.= <- Distribution factor for BC at ‘And Distribution factor for AB at B= 9% = 50 = 5 Alternatively, the distribution factors may be calculated in terms Of the relative stiffnesses as shown in the table below. Ton] Member] Relate iffuess [Pal lve] Dire (2) o | m | et mS ine x ; «18 go [te 3 tr \a)2 Clee ea | @)? ‘We will always work out the distribution factors by this method. Mlustrative examples. Students may study carefully the problems solved below which have been introduced in a graded ‘manner, Problem 2.4 beam AB of span fixed at A and simply supported at B carvies a uniformly distributed load of w per unit run over the whole span. Find the support moments and draw the B.M. diagram. Solution. The relevant calculations have been shown in the ‘moment table. See Fig 5.6. The explanations for the table are given below, ‘Step 1. First consider as though the span AB is a fixed beam and calculate the end moments. Regard clockwise moments as positive and anti-clockwise moments as negative. Hence, the fixed 2 wi? and M,,=+ 2 end moments are My = —"! These are centered near the ends of the span AB, at A and B respectively. Sir Sec cys Te BA cd 2 sien ened ns oma te manent ey ep comeing should be zero, But a moment of + moment of “at B. When this correcting moment i applied at wl? A 12. [=~ py willbe carried overt A 1 Bamoment of 5 we pervitran + fsx Fig. 5.6 Draw two close lines and add the results and thus, obtain the final moments. Now we can easily draw the B.M. diagram, Problem 3. A beam AB of span 4 metres fixed at A and simply supported at B carries two point loads 100 kN and 60 KN at distances of 2 m and 3 m from the fixed end A. Find the support moments and dravs the BM. diagram. Solution. Step 1. Consider that both ends of the beam are fixed, With this condition he fixed end moments are, 100x4 60x3x1? Ms ey 8 a 100%4 | 60x31 Mot oe 8 # 61.25 Nm and = 483.75 km These are first entered in the moment table. 100 kN 60 KN BM. dgram (in kN) Fig. 5.8208 Step 2. End Correction. Now in order to make the momen at B zero, apply a correcting moment of - 83.75 KN m at B. 15 ‘This will induce a moment of Ls 41.875 ANmat A. Add the results after this step, and obtain the final moments. Now the B.M. Diagram can drawn as usvalL Problem 4. Analyse the propped cantilever shown in Fig. 5.9. 2004N 204Nim Fig. 5.9 Solution. Fixed End Moments ‘pe Mos 200x427 2 6 20x6? , 2004? Mu =4) 12 e “The moment distribution is worked out below. a 8 = 148.89 +778 Tis 23778 LL = aera = Fig. 5.10 ‘The BM. diagram can be drawn by superimposing the free and the fixed BM. diagrams. ‘To draw the free B.M. diagram let us consider the span AB as that of a simply supported beam carrying the given load. ‘Taking moments about A, v, x 6= (20 x 6 x3)+(200 x4) 193.333 EV (20%6) + 200~ 193.333 = 126.667 IN 20%Nim mic Free BM. diagram © Fig. 5.11 Free BM. at A= free BM. at B. Free BM. at C= 126,667x4~20 x4 x2= 346.668 kN By superimposing the free and the fited B.M. diagram, the final B.M. diagram is obtained. Reactions BM. atA =V, x6-20%6%3-200 x4=—267.78 V,= 148.70 kN /, = (20 6) + 200-148. THEORY OF STRUCTURES 200 aN a 108.76 SF. Diagram MEAN Fig. 6.12 Point of Contraflexure in AC Let the BM. be zero at a section in AC distant x from A Equating the BM. to zero. 171.3x—102-267.78 Problem 5. Analyse the propped cantilever shown in Fig. 513. bru Fixed End Moments i7)=0, Mss =0- Mic =-GOkNm The mie dae wet out tele re A ep Fp = ts fe ye $e e Fig. 5.13 (a) Mee i oom] -som Ps Psy a aa eo ras cos om a a ee 20 KN 20W TLL TAM 4 M (Cn smug © shy SEDiagam PAN Fig, 6.13.)MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD Reactions at supports BMatA Problem 6. A continuous beam ABC consists of two spans AB = 4 metres and BC = 3 metres, the end A being fixed. The span AB ‘carries @ point load of 80 kN at I metre from A while the span BC ‘carries a point load of 60 kN at I metre from C, [yy yg = 2:1. Find the support moments and draw the B.M. diagram. SKN cows qin oe ban ai fathen2:1 Fig. 5.14 Solution, We will first determine the distribution factors. Lat fy =20 I= Toint] Member] Relative stiffness [Total relative | Distribution | stifness | factor ET 2 ;* 1a 3 a 3 4 31t BC | a3"4 3 Fixed End Moments. Considering each span as a separate fixed ‘beam the fixed end moments are, B0x1x3* Mo ==45 kN; 80x! fig, = OS stm 7 Big = Eo s33 nm : 60x2?x1 My OE 2559 ‘The moment distribution is carried out as shown in the moment table. 2 2/2 A 313 ¢ 35.00 v1s00)- 33543667 4 2657 7300 +800) — 2567 ° 178 | 39 aw Final —]=a07 TER a 7 s0KN on ajim 3m btm Pim , 2347 ao saat 7 2078 4 a c BM. Diagram in km) Fig. 5.15 Explanation for the calculations in the moment table. ‘Step 1. Enter the fixed end moments in the moment table ‘Step 2. End correction. Since Cis the simply supported endof the girder, correct the moment at Co zero by applying a correction of ~ 26.67 Nm at C. Obviously when this correction is applied a 26.67 moment of — -13.34 ANmis carried over to B forthe span CB. Draw two close lines after this stage and add the results. ‘Step 3. Now consider the joint B. The moments obtained at B Mg=+ 15 kN: My +My = #15 ~ 26.67 = 11.67 kN; ‘Bu, for the equilibrium of the joint B. the condition to be satisfied is, My, +M,.=0 ‘Hence a total correction of + 11.67 kNm should be applied at B. ‘This correction is applied in parts. My. =~ 26.67 km Distribution factor at B for BC Distribution factor at B for BA 1 Correction Cj, = 3 (11.67) =4+3.89 kN Correction Cy = (411.67) = 47.78 kNm ‘Step 4. Carry over process. A moment of + 7.78 kN has been 778 applied at B forthe span BA. Obviously a moment of + ~ 3.89 kNm is cartied over to A Note that no moment is cartied over to C which is the simply supported end of the girder. ‘Step 5. Now add the results and obtain the final moments. Problem 7. Analyse the continuous beam shown in Fig, 5.16. 6 ew 10 kNin Fig. 6.18 Solution, Distribution Factors. These are calculated in the table below: Toine Total relative | Diseribuion Member | Relative stiffness sfness factors . a1_¥ ay) o™m aan 16 art ac #673 Fixed Bnd Moments. 6x4? 8kNm: Ma 45 My 2+ OE oa 8k ee 30 kN; 12 Mag + PE 4 30kNm MAT CENTRAL LIBRARY210 ‘The moment distribution is worked out in the table below a a [2 | ° 1200 | —45.00 F980 | +1320 ° +3180 | - 3180 ° Sign 27 BM.atB V.x6-10x6x3=—31.80 148.20. V.= 24.7 kN V,= (6x4) +(10x 6)~4.05 24.7 = 55.25 EV Fig. 5.18 shows the S.F. and B.M. diagrams for the beam, Problem 8. Analyse the continuous beam shown in Fig. 5.19. Solution. ‘THEORY OF STRUCTURES Fixed End Moments My, =+ 972 3 My =i, ‘The moment distribution is worked out inthe table below: 2/3 4 —¢ 10.00 + 20.00 0 of +1000 “300 o 3500 | 0 ° iw | 1500 @ 1500 | 1500 ° Fig. 5.20 Fig. 5.20 shows the B.M. diagram for the beam, Problem 9. A continuous beam ABC fired at A and C and simply supported at B, consists of spans AB and BC of lengths 4 m «and 6 m respectively: The span AB carries a uniformly distributed load of 20 N/m while the span BC carries a uniformly distributed load of 12 kN/m. Find the moments and reactions atthe supports Draw also BM. and SF. diagrams for the beam Fig. 5.21 Solution, Distribution Factors. These are calculated in the table below om Joint | Member | Relative stiffness | Total relative | Distribution ar | im . oe Paes” |r rr Fig. 5.19 ? 8 m 4°12 5 Distribution Factors. These are calculated in the table below: a 5 2 ‘Joint | Member |” Relative stiffness | Toral relative Demibeton)| to 2 ‘iment | factors ac a ; TT 2 e{ m | i. A Fixe nd Moments s | 2667; . a1 3 = +2667 4m Be 4 8 3 36 Nm;MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD | 1x6 M, =436kNm. ef “The moment distribution is worked out below ant 31.25kNm, Reactions Meo 31.25kNm The moment distribution is carried out below. a of 9 19 [79 c : ¢ a3 +ax | 3125 a2 30 T3135 = 833 + a3 | —a6a8 0 —ta029 | F836 10.5 ] Tis vane | -280 | Reactions at supports potapayess 42-025%8 28.62 BM. at B=V,x5~-50«25 V,= 19.27 kN V,,= Total load -(V, + V,) =[6.25%4 +50] [4.894 19.27] =50.84kN Reacting moment at A= 1.82kNm BM. atB Vqx 4-23.87 -20x4%2 Fig. 5.24 shows the B.M. diagram, the shear force diagram and cs 37.90 kN ‘elastic curve for the beam. BM.atB "= V,x6-3787-12x6x3=-3227 sow ee Lingyn asin vem (2034) +(12x6) 67903693) ¢ ia tt ¢ 27717 kN Vy = S084 KN Nm Vi. 19.27 KN Fig. 5.22 shows the B.M. and S.F. diagrams for the beam. Va" 489 EN {819 Nm 27 Problem 10. Analyse the continous beam shown in oe |) Fig 528 Drow SE and BM diagrams Sketch also the defected Z all shape of the beam. iy 4 25150 pee 4 7 ¢ Weneercatantesrscs eee 25m ue BM.Depem o Te Don won i 7, saya Su : ic Fig. 5.23 4 I Solution. Distribution factors. These are calculated in the table 20.11 1927 1927 kN re sDagan ‘ein | Member | Relive stfes | Tal relative] Disribaion $e ¢ stiffness. factor s ae ‘Elastic curve T_10r 10 eens a} om a % Problem 11. Anas the continuous beam shown n Fi 5.25. wi Solution. Distribution Factors. These ae calculated in the 0 | table below aC ares | 5 Toint | Member | Relative si Total relative | Distribution oo » | ‘ifness | factor Fixed End Moments wl am aT 2 4 3 | Mav =~°7 "8 2 9336, ‘ a | 12 a | 2 Brot | 625x4 i Mn 2+ 8.33 kN Be 434 [3212 THEORY OF STRUCTURES ne enn 10K BM. dag Fig, 6.25 Moment applied to the joint B= +30 kNm ‘This moment gets distributed to the members BA and BC. Moment distributed on LHS of A = 5 (+30)=4208Nm Monet isbn So i = .ae+ 100% Moneta overo 2B ee t00e ‘No moment is carried over to C. See moment table, Problem 12. Find she support moments and draw the bending ‘moment diagram for the beam shown in Fig. 5.26. The beam is of uniform section. Solution. Distribution Factors. These are determined in the table below. Joint| Member Relative stiffness] Total relative Distribution] stifiness | factor _| T 37 _T I BY RA) gata | 2 | Uw 4 Pl Eat pe MDOED _9HLHO22-) oa oe ae ; =V,x34+90=-11.7 V,=-33.9kNL. ~33.9x7+90+ V,x4=5.85 : Vy= 38.2875KN'T Reaction at C= 38.2875 33.9 =4.3875 kN, Fig. 5.28 shows the free body diagram for the continuous bear, in - + sO} 0) S880 t i reBoon —sp=mansan rendre Fig. 5.20 Problem 13. Analyse the continuous beam shown ii Fig. 5,29. 244 401m ism Fig. 5.29 Solution. Distribution Factors. These are determined in the table below Joint] Member Relative sess [Tonal relative | Disribution : | Csess | factors isla 9 BY A as ea] aay 7 | a nol tei 8 stm | jonMOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD 24x3 3 =t9KNm 94Nm Hy Sa [e Pa “we Ss = WIL BM. Diagram Fig. 5.30 Problem 14. Find the support moments and reactions for the continuous beam shown in Fig. 5.31. 27Ne ra sine - el I ee Eee aoe] Solution. Distribution Factors. These are determined in the table below Joint] Member| Relative stiffness] Total relative | Distribution | stitness | factors alm} ft : 4 2 2 4 ao | Biff | 4374 [2 Fixed End Moments 213 ‘The moment distribution is worked out below. saa 1198 ne i a0 six 2 UM n 4 ett al BM diggam 986 Fig. 6.9 Fig. 5.33 shows the B.M, diagram for the beam, Reactions BM.atB =V,x4—20x3-11,98=-2,29 Viz 17.42 RN BM.aB “=V.x3-5x4-20=-2.29 Vz 12.57 kN Vg= [20+ 5]-[17.42+ 12.57] =—4.994N | Problem 18. Determine the support moments and draw the bending moment diagram for the beam shown in Fig. 5.34. Assume uniform flexural rigidity 201m {LACT —fe 6m a 8 Fig, 5.34 Solution. Distribution Factors. These are calculated in the table below. Joint] Member| Relative stiffness |Total relative | Distribution | stiffness | factors art in| oe 46 8 31 3 8214 ul c Skim Fig. 6.35 Problem 16. Draw the BM. diagram for the beam shown in Fig, 5.36, 40a Z Ic 3 Ta Sm sown a 4 Pte (Cam Me == 1008 100 km BM. diagram Fig, 5.98 Solution. Consider AB asa fixed beam and BC as a cantilever. Fixed End Moments, My=0: My, =O: My =—100KNe Now the moment table is easily entered. Fig. 5.36 shows the B.M. diagram for the beam Problem 17. Analyse the beam shown in Fig, 5.37. Solution. Fixed End Moments. My = My, =0, M =-604Nm. Now the moment table is easily entered . Fig. 5.34 shows the BM. diagram. THEORY OF STRUCTURES 24k 4 om 4B 9 CD sis : a rT 2 tio sovem a BM. diagram Fig. 5.37 Problem 18. beam ABC fixed at A is 4.2 metres long and is also supported at B 3 metres from A, 50 that the overhang BC is 1.2 metres long. The span AB carries a point load of 120 kN at 2 ‘metres from A. The beam also carries a point load of 30 kN at the end C. Determine the support moments and draw the B.M. diagram. Solution. Fixed End Moments, Considering AB as a fixed beam the fixed end moments at A and B are, t2ox2t ; a is00 +36000 | +3600 2687 +5333 2687 “3335 3538 +36.00 | ~3600 BM. diagram (ia KN) Fig. 5.38MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD Now consider BC as a separate cantilever. The fixing moment, (Reacting moment) at B = My.=~(G0x1.2)=~36kNm. ‘The moment table shows the moment distribution. Explanations for the moment table are given below: ‘Step 1. Fist enter the overhang moment ,, =~ 36 kNm at B for the member BC. ‘Step 2. Since the B.M. at B should be 36 Nm (hogging), apply correction of + 36 kNm at B for the member BA. ‘Step 3. Now carry over the half correcting moment 10 A. 36 =+18kNm Carry over moment at. ‘Step 4, Now enter the fixed end moments 4 = -26.67 kNm and Mj. = + 53.33 kNi forthe span AB. ‘Step 5. Since the B.M. at B should be 36 kNim (hogging) apply correction of - 53.33 kNm at B for the member BA. ‘Step 6. Now carry over half the applied correcting moment to A 53.33 -.Catry over moment at =~ "5° =~26.67 kNim ‘Step 7. Now add the results and thus obtain the final moments Fig. 5.38 shows the B.M. diagram forthe beam. Problem 19. Find the support moments and draw shear force ‘and bending moment diagrams for the beam shown in Fig. 5.39. 12kNim FI ‘The moment distribution is carried out as follows: © First enter the overhang moment Myc =~ 6 kNm at B for the overhang BC. (id) Since the BM, atB should be 6 kN (hogging), apply correcting moment of -6 &NmatB forthe member Ba (ili) Now carry over half the applied correcting moment of A. 215 Carry over moment are A oa 3kNm 2 (iv) Now enter the fixed end moments Mf, =~36 kNmand My, =+ 36 km for span AB (©) Since the B.M. at B should be 6 kN (hogging), apply a correcting moment ‘of ~ 36 km at B for the member BA. (vi) Now carry over half the applied moment to A. 36 18kNm +, Camry over moment at. 2 (vii) Now add the results and obtain the final moments. Fig. 5.40 shows the B.M. diagram for the bear Reactions BMata V,x6-12x7x3S=~S1 OV,= 243 2, Vy =40.5 IN 2, V_=(12% 7) 405 =43.54N Fig. 5.40 shows the B.M. and S.F. diagrams for the beam. 2m (pean: om i pleasin 285 Fyeaoske in| = $ se i c EM dagam AS01365 SF dagrem Fig. §.40 Problem 20. Analyse the beam shown in Fig. 5.4l. 264N 4 B 2 Tray) iN 2N ‘ Tm (Caen Myc =~ 60 ken216 ‘THEORY OF STRUCTURES Solution. Fixed End Moments Problem 22. Analyse the continuous beam shown in Fig 5.45. My=My=0: iy, Draw SF and BM. diagrams, Sketch also the deflected shape of ‘The moment distribution is carried out above "oe s01n ry Bg, Sl stows the BLM, diagram rth beam. aa to BMatA = V,x4-24x55-24=430 4m om ane V,=46.54NT 2. Vz =22.50NL Fig. 5.45 Solution. Distribution Factors. These are calculated in the Problem 21. Analyse the continuous beam shown in Fig, 5.43, table below. : i [on ei iis lt igi | stiffness factors 1 To 2 Por alm) te E 31 iT 8 1 Fin 549 io 1 FP inal ae 46 8 3 in] Mente Ra is lla Darian) apse bel m [3tet.# 4 Mo ee 2-53.33N, Mig =+ xt = 453.33 Nm 46 8 32 “ | ne | fed! | 379 240 kN, 7 45x Z = 90 kim —— a 2 a ‘The moment distibutin in worked out below = Zo va] -@ wo pos Fi ren enosis Perens |< v0 | 20 0)” Sh07kNin DTM 00e% 30 > ~ Distribution Factors. See table below Fig, 5.48 ‘Joint| Member] Relative stiffness |Toral relative | Distribution Masioum ie BM forspn AB rel ares = Stk an 48 3 Maximum free B.M. for span BC a 12x4? |o3aalr os | are | 8 aC | 46 8 3 Note : The free B.M. Diagram for AB is a cubic curve. The fee B.M. diagram for BC is a parabola218 ‘The moment distribution is carried out below. THEORY OF STRUCTURES E c 7 r 313 ¢ FW] = soo) 726 Tm [= aaa “i130 +3780 1600 | +1600) “3600 + 3600 +3780 T1875 - ofl on 286] +571 +2851 | 1600 +1600 42.00 +2400 | —2400 = 1339) 1786-8931 ons 4 4 (oe +000 | sooo "+6072 +3928 + 19.64) Fig. 5.53 BM Digan Fig. 5.51 Fig. 5.51 shows the B.M. diagram for the beam. Problem 25. A continuous beam ABCDE is encastred at E and freely supported at C and D as shown in Fig, 5.52. It is under the action of a horizontal load of 10 kN applied at A, a vertical load of 60 kN applied at the middle point of CD and also an external couple of 100 kNm at D. The portion CDE of the beam is ‘of uniform section. Analyse the beam. Draw B.M. and SF. diagrams, 3m orn son . sd cxsm Cp gE aoe Po yes Fa. 552 Solution: [ Joint] Member] Relative Stiffness| Total Relative | Distribution Sines | Factors 31a 3 Py mC | 45" 20 ” 7 2 1a a S20 7 ised En Moments Overhang ABC Span CD Mu Extemal moment aD = + 100kNm Equilibrium condition to be satisfied at D is Hag + My =* 10040 Reactions BM. juston LHS. of D V,x5—10%5-60%25=~60.72 ‘ V,= 27.856 kN BM. jus saRHS.ofD V,x5~19.64=+39.28 11.784 kN 60 ~27.856~ 11.784 = 20,36 kN — Tl : A TI 7 n sation ‘0 BI BM. Disgam Fig. 5.55 Problem 26, Find she support moments at A, B and C for the 3928 continuous beam shown in Fig. 5.56. Solution. Fixed End Moments. Considering each span as a separate fixed beam and the part CD as a cantilever, the fixed end ‘moments are calculated below.MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD 25kN sok « PRT 3 eo Ta? 0 us Fig, §.56 = SE eg ri Me =" py ae == ES 237.5 Nm DR My = 49S 2 4 3750Nm, f R Mg =~252=-SOKN ase sown 8 sme 7 “a > 3m a Ta tie a Fig. 5.57 Distribution Factors. These are calculated in the table below Joint] Member] Relative sifess [Tonal relaive | Distribution siifess | factors atm | tee z a8 ET 5 = | ne | BASH } 3 rarer Los ‘The moment distribution is carried in the moment table (Fig, 558) a ¢ > +ia00 | —s000 eoor +6667 | “3150 33150 | rigs 7330 Fig. 5.58 219 Problem 27. Determine the support moments for the continuous beam shown in Fig. 5.59. and draw the B.M. diagram. shxim P Lm f 41 1° 3m bm —! Fig. 5.59 Solution. Fixed End Moments. Considering each span as a separate fixed beam the fixed end moments for the various spans are calculated below = 8x3x1? Ma =-~ pe 4 = 1.50 BN Joint] Member Relative stifness Total relative | Distribution ifness | factors aT 1 eae :72 3 42 ca 2 BC Ez 3 1 c| @ 3 a 341 1 1 1 o| 34 2 a HE aE > ‘Poe as Ss] 300 i “300 1a] Bo ° aas| 030 sas) 039 oe Taos =006) 013. 2 +013] +022 =a Fou Sti oor] Saou > 0m som : vo + 0.02 0.02, =oo1} tno +00i| voor Tiss angh=ate sao 397_ ig 6.60 Explanation for the moment table ‘Step I. Enter the fixed end moments in the moment table. Enter also the distribution factors at the appropriate places as shown. ‘Step 2. End correction. Note that the end D is given to be simply supported. Hence the bending moment at D should be equal220 ‘THEORY OF STRUCTURE: toero, But the moment table shows a moment of + 3:00 kNm at D. Hence, apply a correction of ~ 3.00 kNm at D. Consequently, a 1.50 kNm is cartied over tothe farther end C. 3.00 moment of ==" Draw two lines after this stage and add the results. Step 3. The distribution process. Now consider the intermediate joint B. The condition for equilibrium at Bis My, +My. 0. Butas per moment table Mj, + My, = + 4.50~3.75 = + 0.75 kom. ‘Hence apply a total correcting moment of -0.75 kNm. This correcting ‘moment is distributed at B to the members BA and BC. The ‘components of the correcting moment are, [Distribution factor for BA] x total correcting moment (Distribution factor for BC] x total correcting moment Distribution Factors. See table below 1 2 5; 2. Cyy= | 0.15) ==0.25 kN C= > (-0.75)=-0.50kNm [Joint] Member] Relative stiffness [Total relative | Distribution 3 25 stifiness | factors Similarly atthe joint C,as per moment table ~ ish 5 Myy+Mq=+3.75 ~4.50=-0.75 kNm B| BA 5 ; Hence for the equilibrium of this joint apply a correcting Uw 2 ‘moment of +0.75 kNm. This correcting moment is distributed at C 2 to the members CB and CD. The components of the correcting moment are, Distribution factor for CB x total correcting moment 1 a75 s0steam(an 4038 Distribution factor for CD x total correcting moment = }(4075) = 403754 (s0y+0.37.m) Step 4. The carry over process. One half of each correction applied is cartied over to the respective farther end. This process is called the camry over process, The process of distribution and carry over are repeated & ‘number of times and after a process of distribution the results are added and thus the final moments are obtained, Fig, 5.61 shows the B.M. diagram for the beam, 8 : ; f 46 34e 2 own Fig. 5.61 Problem 28. Determine the support moments at A, B, Cand D {for the continuous girder shown in Fig. 5.62. 4 2 c D a sem ae ‘BM. Diagram (in kN) 2m} an i ; Fig. 5.64 wy . Problem 29. Determine the moments at the supports of the - Continuous beam shown in Fig. 5.65. Draw also B.M. diagram for ig, 882 the beam Fixed End Moments. Considering each span as a separate fixed A 364 10kNim 12 ANI beam, the fixed end moments are, 2 CMU 2m tim z > 8x? he : 3.56 iN: ae ? ET Fig. 5.65MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD i Solution. Fig. 5.67 Shows the B.M. Diagram forthe beam. Distribution Factors: _See table below. 7 _ 2m MN goin Cam “Joint| Member] Relative stiffness [Total relative | Distribution 42m Vim > siffuess | factors BA a B | 3 Es - 4 “ ! 1 es 4 3 1 1 Fig. 5.67 c| co nA 5 Problem 30. Find the moments at the supports for the 2 continuous beam shown in Fig. 68. Draw also B.M. diagram for } om the beam 4 ' ies PT cx oa o i hig tm fam am fam Cin se 4 2 te a pit fee aS, a 9,, Lo, J - Fig. 5.68 2.25kNm, Solution. Distribution Factors See table below Joint] Member] Relative stffuess [Total relative | Distribution stifuess | factors = +16kNm ' B | BA 2 ZI ~13.33 Nm, ! 1 BC t +1333 Nm | ; i lol @ 4 a 2 o 341 4 1 Hy L 4374 2222 ‘THEORY OF STRUCTURES Distribution Factors. These are determined in the table below: Joint] Member] Relative sifness|Toral relative | Distribution . stiffness | factors B BA E i Ma =~45kNm : w C The moment distribution is catied out below: 4 en i b ke er zs a 4304 2 ae ae oe HEP ‘The moment distribution is worked out below. ee “eye 70 +1300 | - 1500 suo fT +1000 +1000 2 nl ° 'st0_ "1000 ay ca vias) 1s | ~is00 cen | 205TH | oe | as o| Fem Tate | +00 1500 8 12580 atare Problem 32. Determine he support moment at B, Cand Dor he comtmuons beam shown i Pg zo BM Disgam an tsa ZN" 25m am 228 ae com tmp Fig. 570, Shows the BM gram forthe beam in 520 Problem 3. Antethe continous beam showninFig.57. sao. Ft End Mec Assume uniform Rata igi Be), 25Qx15~4 So00N 1000N M, Be ae ee 2 » 4) 7 1S eae Si > <—— tm —— on 1 5m—> 1900N, ——— Crt pmNG . a Ma Mo 15x2.5~4) Fig. 5.71 g ~ (24) =+ 7.88 Nm Sabon, Fed End Moments My =0. My, =0, My. =+ O24 1000 enim, 4 ig = 1500NsMOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD 223 Distribution Factors. These are calculated inthe table below. F [Faint] Member] Relative sifnes | oval relative | Distribution Mig = 415 ENm; Mage 40% G15 kN stiffness factor Mg =+75kNm; M.=—-30kNm T T 0880 5) m 4 2 2 2seN 20 204Nm zi H ots # a a ee 4 2 i | ' ig. 5.78 c| ac i 5 ; Distribution Factors 2 “These ar calculated inthe table below 4 art 1 Joint] Membe | Relaive sffess [Total relative | Distribution ol} esa | 2 Sifess | factor | , Bl] ops ral u 3 ne haa ae |e xa? he hoa ae = 3 wpe “The moment distribution is worked out below ; wi [Tos 2 7 ir aa eo |e 4 BIE 7 = +B | Soy Taso] se Tem] 3000 so | co son iaooststo| “1500 tte soa - 2800 _"150) 3730 ism aS a a Taso | 2500 = 1000) 9750 Toa | 000 TSB] de | Tm [sm +e] ae 3000-3000 Fig. 5.74 shows the BM. diagram for the beam, as ne we fl 34 | il 27 fll 05758 Fig. 5.74 Problem 33, Analyse the continuous beam shown in Fig. 5.75. Solution. Fixed End Moments 20x 2 se2iskn—SITKN Mug =+250Nm; Mgy —15kNm Fig, 5.76 5.3 CONTINUOUS BEAM WITH SINKING SUPPORTS In this case, there will be additional fixed end moments due to sinking of supports, For any span of length 1 if is the difference of level ofthe end supports then at each end the fixed end moment 6EI6 2 ‘The nature of the fixed end moment is clockwise at each end when the right support is at a higher level. The nature of the fixed tend moment is anticlockwise at each end if the left support is at higher level willbe224 Problem 34. Determine the support moments for the continuous beam shown in Fig. 5.78, Note that the support B sinks by 12 mm and the moment of inertia of the beam section is 9x 10% mm! for the span AB and 12 x 10° mmt for the span BC Draw also B.M. diagram for the beam. Take E = 200 Nim’. sini vous «Poumelitfirmmer|s on ye —< ig, 5.78 Solution, Fixed end moment LP _68g8 6x5? _6x200x9%108 x12 2 3x10” 17.68 kNm $12,505.18 =+7.324Nm ‘THEORY OF STRUCTURES Problem 35. A continuous beam ABCD of uniform section consists of spans AB, BC and CD of lengihs 5 m, 3m and 3 m respectively, with the ends A and D fixed. Determine the moments ‘ar the support ifthe support B sinks by 15 mm. Draw also B.M, diagram and sketch the deflected shape of the beam. Take E = 200 kN/mm? and I = 8.75 x 10 mm, Solution. Fig. 5.60 Distribution Factors ‘These are calculated in the table below. fee Joint| Member] Relative sifuess [Total relative | Disibation AGS Sttosas stifess | factors =3044.80=—2520.2Nme alm | fem 3 WI GEI,8 a B Me = hg toh =+ 304480243480 kNim ac 1st aL SI Lag =9 108 min y= 12108 matt 2 day Tyg = 3:4 3 ia Ss 8 Let Iy,=3/ and J,-= 40 clo ! Distribution Factors. These are calculated in the table below. | 3 2 1 21 1 Joint] Member] Relative stiffness |Toral relative | Distribution o 5 5 stiffness factors 1 a 6 Fixed End Moments aes } out 6x 2008.75 10° x15 au Bi gy =~ POOR TEIO XN = _ 6.30 kev, I 5 M, esotwe xe ae H Hyg = ~6.30 0m _ 6X 200 x8.75 10° x15 My, = 4X 20%8-75% 417.504, The moment distribution is worked ou below. Po Ma = +17.504Nm = My =0, My =0 4 ¢ ext distribution is wo low. = “See The moment distribution is worked ou bel [ofa vite te rf ae - Tae 7m | 20 ° a0 pug [ise] o ta | Thee SBR Re | ad | 210 438 3.50 438 su | 5B] es 2636 | 686 ° Tae cae aT vom ; 033 | 288 138% | om oF 03 ~028 Tas sors | 78H 78 [soe +007 +007 +010 . +007 -om | 28% “818 [00s aoe =90) 092 208 soo | 288 798% | soo | 790-308 | +908 +759] 159 am Fig. 5.87MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD Fig. 5.80 shows the BM. diagram and also the deflected shape of the beam, Problem 36. Determine the support moments for the ‘continuous girder shown in Fig, 5.82 if the support B sinks by 2.5 fom. For all members I= 3.50%10" mnt, E = 200 kN’mn? 10K Fig. 5.82 Solution, Fixed End Moments, 403°, 6%200%3.5 x10" x2. 3] 2 3x10? 41.67 kNm (30+ 11.67 Nyy + te FB x 39-11.67 24 18.3308 wey Ree WI GEIS Meg Bp 100x2 | 6%200x3.5x10" x2.5, = 3 * 2x10 31.5 Nm Distribution Factors. These are calculated inthe table below 225 "The moment distribution is worked out in the table below ae je 4 EF 45.08 tore Fig. 6.83 Problem 37. Analyse the continuous beam shown in Fig. 5.84. if the supports B and C sink by 2 mm and 7 mm respectiv Take E = 200 kNimm? and I= 2.5010" mm. 4 a ce fob ew te 1 im Sm 3m Fig. 5.84 Solution. Distribution Factors. These are calculated in the table below ine] Memb Relative sifess| Towa relative] Disribution) [Tone] Member] Relative sis [owl relative [Disibuton | stifess | _ factors sifiness | _foctors el pa 2 ale 317 3 5 Bi 43°12 7 st | w 6 ) 2 13 3 | 2_al 4 ee 26 5 bss 6 12 wt 3 2 _ 161 16 c| @ = : = | 6 5 oe 6 48 25 3 251 6 48 | ru 2 31_o o = E i 36 3 Pl aa” as | Fixed End Moments a 2202102 667 3x10226 THEORY OF STRUCTURE 6 200%(2x2.5)10" (7-2 al Le Mae May 0? ames _ 6% 2004x107 x3 6200%2.54407 Mae = gg? 9k =, 6*200%2.5x10 x7 x Mga Mig, 4 OOP SNOT 3.13 bm # x10" — 6200x4107 x2 ‘The moment distribution i eartied out in the table below y= My ae sa 9kNm [2]4] 6 es _ 5% 200%2.5 107 x 667 ‘667 | 833 su fei sas Mea= Ma 6x10? as ai +887, shi} $56. ak ‘The moment distribution is carried out in the table below: 0-3] as aa Past ° 1 +800 | 66 a3 | soa é $056 S535 7 mame | 20d, OTR | 10 : 3 br] 6 [— ~1.06- 0.16 = 9.00" 9:00 6.00, = 600 | +667 +667 I soas | Fas1s Cio | +006 S108 aoe $0052? S030 evo | eS EE | OM | =002 | -00. --019 | ~ot oa a te on 0104 S002 sosr | Toy 885 | oan L +004 | +005 +001 | +001 Tea ~ a0 $029 Toor 0 1a | —189 596 | 5.96 ° tool} stl 07 | 0 1.89 kNm Toor = “= vans camel of 3 2602 | -oot Tl Mm I] I TT = i] Fig. 5.87 3640 4.89%kNen 5.71 Ne Fig. 5.85 7 2 Ta Problem 38, Analyse the continuous beam shown in Fig. 5.86 4 ovens UUM ‘if the supports B and C sink by 3 mm and 5 mm respectively, 954m Take E = 200 kN/mm? and I = 4x10? mm*, BM. Diagram Solution. Distribution Factors, These are calculated in the table below: eee “ Fig. 5.88 shows the B.M. diagram forthe beam, Joint] Member] Relative stiffness |Toral relative | Distribution Problem 39. Determine the support moments and draw the stiffness: Sactors B.M, diagram for the continuous beam shown in Fig. 5.89 if the 7 T supports B and C sink by 2 mm and 7 mm respectively. Take ly BY] BA a 2 Tog = 2107 mm. Iu, = 4X10" man and E= 200 Nine 2 2b 12kNim c 4 BC L 1 Fig. 6.89 14s 2 Solution, Distribution Factors ait Let Ig =, Iye = 2s Leg io J 4°12 Ss See table below: By ‘Joint [Member] Relative stiffness [Total relative | Distribution 2 | stess | factor ru 2 3T_t 1 oy 5 B | : | | 5 a 434 3 3 . a 4 2 BC A 5 c cB a Z 4 ar 3MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD Fixed End Moments 12x37 _ 6«200x2x10" x2 Ma =p 3x10 9-5.33=-14.33 Nm 4+9-5,33=43.67 kNm Fig. 5.92 n Factors. These are calculated in the Solution, Distrib im Problem 40, Fig. 5.91 shows a continuous beam ABCD of uniform flexural rigidity El = 210! kNmm2, Ifthe end A rotates ‘by 0.001 radian in the anticlockwise order, calculate the moments aA, B,C, D. Fig. 6.91 > 6200x410" (7-2) table below, - 2x10? ‘Toint| Member] Relative stifiness] Total relative] Distribution 31 kNm - stifness | factors 1.00 kNim 7 1 s Ba 4 3 3 6x 200x2x10 x7 a > rom 4 2 Pxi0 ec | 1-7 z 9-+18.67=49.67 Nm | ae 3 1 2 Mac =+94+18.67=427.67 kN Jc} oo | f=% z ‘The moment distribution is carried out below | 31 b > L 4 2 7a o 4 3 7 1433, ray a ~ ne 4? Fixed End Moments sgh __uE e = sen [sie cin | ste - 7 vie are ey L cuss | “as 2 A | ane - lo, 101m | ears | Sie sas | sor ‘The moment distribution is worked out in the table. Tons 5 oot 13 | -aas vom | 388 288 | v000 oe ra Sa ] . a aT | co 5 Toe [aise sss [50 7] “in : a5 ° — or S06 ° | ° 4s eo rd Tan a6 124-08 Fig. 5.93 shows the B.M. diagram for the beam. 112k 1264Nm my ‘O62 KNm 626kNm BM Diagram | Fig. 6.83 Problem 41. Fig. 5.94 shows a continuous beam ABCD. Find the moments at A, B, C, and Dif the end A rotates by 0.002 radian in the clockwise order and the support B sinks by 4 mm. Take E = 200 kN/imm? and I = 9x10" mm228 2 < 2 45 a S— a4 fe tn ep $n 2} at Fig, 5.04 Solution, Distribution Factors. These are calculated in the table below [Joint ] ‘Member |Relative stiffness] Total relative | Distribution stiness | factor i 2 2 2 1 |i 4 1 oes Fixed End Moment Span AB May 4x 200% 29x10" x0,002 4x0 6 200%2%9%10" x4 #P x10? + 18.00.2Nim Hay = EraBe Ela’ 18.004Nm a las te Span BC OE ln __ 6x200x4x9x10" x he RE X20 DIOS 7 ie 8x10 Ma =+270NM ‘The moment distribution is worked out below : ‘THEORY OF STRUCTURE 5.4 PORTAL FRAMES ‘Analysis of portal frames by strain energy method has alread been dealt with in chapter 3. The strain energy method become laborious for its application when the load system on the frame i ‘ot simple and when the ends of the columns are fixed and whe the different components have different sections. The method ¢ ‘moment distribution can be conveniently applied inthe analysis portal frames. From the point of view of analysis, portal frames may by classified into (2) Non-sway type of frames and (ii) Sway-type 0 frames, (Non-sway type portal frames. In this case, the two column Of the frame are identical with identical end conditions and th loading on the frame is symmetrical such that the frame does no syay 10 any side Figs. 5.96 and 5.97 show examples of non-sway type porta frames. This type of frame is analysed exactly as in the case oft continuous beam. Fig. 5.96 Non-sway typo Fig. 5.97 Non-sway type Portal frame. portal frame, Non-sway type portal frames are analysed as in the case of continuous beams. 5.5 TO DETERMINE THE HORIZONTAL THRUST FOR A PORTAL FRAME FROM THE FINAL MOMENTS Let M,, and M,, be the final moments for the member AB. Let these moments be clockwise. 2 my, Dee » coo | 8m 20 | +001 +00 ~ v- =< oor | bee [aor Sa ae | Ho Sai | 396 4 # lim, AN p< MAN ise em MDa Fig. 595 Fig. 5.95 shows the B.M. diagram for the beam. Fig. 5.98 Obviously M,, produces convexity outside the frame and is therefore negative according to the general conventions. Similarly ‘M,s produces concavity outside the frame and is therefore positive according to generat conventions. Let be the horizontal reaction at acting inthe direction from left to right. + My—Py—HhyMOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD 209 In general Problem 42, Analyse the portal frame shown in Fig. 5.100. May +My, +momentsof forceson ABabout 8 201m le 1h + COOOMONTTOUID © While determining the moment of forces on AB about B 2m clockwise moments should be considered as positive and im in Santclockwise moments should be considered an negative. IF H, is positive, the direction of His from left to right on oan If His negative, the direction of His from right to le | Similary, the horizontal theust at Dis given by, ee M4 + Mg, + momentsof forceson CD about C | . an] Hy 5.6 TO DETERMINE THE VERTICAL REACTIONS FROM THE FINAL MOMENTS A Consider the frame shown in Fig. 5.99(a). Let the vertical reactions at A and Be V, (7) and V, (1) Fig. .100 > toi ase ro ° +026 | Fine. "16 | ~026 [rene on Son | Ta Morn { sou | Fos. 042 | -oan tee Taa8 =021* Ss0a1 06 j _soos | $017 “017 | -008 wes Me 3am | aaa etat [a 0m Fig. 5.99(0) ~ Fig. 5.107 Solution. Distribution Factors %y i Hs Let lag 1 Ie = 2 and Ig mele Dv, “The distribution faciors are calculated as shown below ——1— Joint] Member] Relative stiffness] Total relative | Distribution meee stifess | factor Fig. 5.99 (b) shows the beam BC with the effects ofloadingon |g | pa the colurnns transferred to B and C. BM. aC May = Mj Wyb + Vel BC Mat My + Wid : ! cl In general o_ Mac +Mup + momentsof forces on BC about C o BC _ (Clockwise moments should be regarded as positive and __ Fixed End Moments. Considering each span as a separate anticlockwise moments should be regarded as negative) ‘Fixed member. she fixed end moments areas follows 1f Vis positive then its direction is upwards (1) oxox? IV; is negative then its dieetion is downwards (1), My = OSE 2-112 kvm; ‘Similarly it can be shown that 0G yc Mec tM + moment of forees on BC about B ie TOR BC If the result is positive the reaction is upwards and if the result, is negative the reaction is downwards,230 ‘The moment distribution is carried out in Fig. 5.96 Mg=~337 Nm and My, =+1.12kNm Vertical reactions at A and D are equal V,=Vs= Horizontal reaction at 0.60+4.44—6x1 AcHy= 7 : 0.54 KN < (see article $5) THEORY OF STRUCTUF Obviously Hy=+0.54kN-> > ly H, KN: i 20101 € nd a _ i hm a eno ast ow] een - on oy 02 - -02t 3a jm | +006 | Teor “oan | -006 Tn 8 too | 002 002 | -002 0 +360 [36030 | 3.60 oss Fos BM. Digan ry Fig. 8.102 Fig. 5.103, oy of am} 2m. £ Problem 43. Analyse the portal frame shown in Fig. 5.104. 308 Solution. Distribution Factors. These are calculated in the table below 4m fa Joint] Member] Relative stifness| Total relative | Distribution stiffness | factor pl ml) ftom 3 ~~ 44716 - 7 | 4 BMisgam "2 rs | fs Aig, 5108 Fig. 8107 ac | lal 4 Reactions 4716 7 aw alles at 4 4716 fn 7 0.90KN 31 _31 6 3 09 |? | aan 7 Problem 44. Analyse the portal frame shown in Fig, 5.10 All members have the same flexural rigidity. 20%Nim af = ic lem lam 40 Fig. 5.108 6DMOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD istribution Factors. These are calculated in the Solution. table below [rn [stember|Relative stiffness |Total relative | Distribution stfess | factors f 37_3 3 eI a 44° 16 7 1" 16 14 4 ee 416 7 rat | 4 ci ce 4 16 7 u 16 | anlar 3 | @ | varie hoa 20xNim a 4m G 4m sm 4 a4 Ven 40 RN Fig. 5.110 (3) 24m swing Lown > 231 frame. Fig, 5.110(b) shows the bending moment diagram forthe portal Fig. 5.111 ae a Gh Oe ere eT iff is soe coe cc Toint| Member] Relative stiffness| Total relative | Distribution] 762 +762 stiffness factors = alle +124 124 | 093 a 3 = — > | 3 ° +1600 | — 1600 +1600 | — 1000 ce 3 | _ 3 aaa fi Horizontal reaction at A. Ls 4 B =+4kN> Gly A Vera econ teach suport = y= 2284 aos “bha THEORY OF STRUCTUR wn soe sown we 12 ms pte fe, a 2 eh 100% My =4 OS a 300 Km ‘The moment distribution is worked out below. 0 [25m 2 ¢ 4] 2 4 c 3] 3 3 Fig. 5.114 sZa 0] 300 ° 0 Solution. iad eid Distribution Factors = 100 0 ‘These are calculated inthe table below. feat | -a r = Joint] Member! Relative stiffness] Total relaive | Distribute stiffness | factors |_~ 4 +536 sna Sean 556 Ai sano] rat at | -320 ” Tiss =371 a7 as 10 +ia6] 07 gat | 124 3 +062 123 +123 0.62, 7 woa| 3082 a | 081 +020 ~oa ~ ™ s081 020 sous] 2027 021 | -o14 +007 =o ~~ sore | oor +oas| F009. “00 | -00s oor ~oas ~~ 00s | 008 +om| +003 “908 | -o02 47s +80] — 150 +180 | 1075 ‘The moment distribution is worked out below Fig. 6.112 154150 co Horizontal reaction at A = +75RN > 4]z 4 c 150-75 1480 ae 0 ° Horizontal reaction at D = Hy= "3 =~ 75 kN “at 928 | 100x6 ou Vertical reaction a each support = “7O%* = 300 kw a rece eaae A aa) g 20576Nm sown \ some 20 amy 15380 25m Fig. 8.118 2.704 Problem 46, Find the moments at A and B forthe loaded frame shown in Fig. 5.114, Find the reactions at the supports. Draw sige BLM. diagram for the frame. Sketch also the deflected shape of the frame, Fig. 5.115MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD 2216 «Nm Deilected shape ofthe frame Fig. 5.116 Reactions at Supports 20,57 +9.26+30x3 5 = 415.738 T 30-15.738=14.262kN -9.26+0 2s H,=3.104kN (>) =73.704 kN (=) Problem 47, Analyse the frame shown in Fig 5.117. Assume uniform flexural rigidity. 6kNm 2 (EERE ¢ Ahn Fig. 6.117 Solution. Distribution Factors. These are determined in the lable below [ Joint] Member] Relative stifness |Toral relative | Distribution stifiness | factors 7,4 + aa 4°16 7 W 16 . 3 BC Fi 233 857218 sim cst a iS 10280 KN BM. Dagan > 2.409 aoe 2s inn sari Fig. 5.119 $3429+ 6857 Horizontal reaction at A e az6ss =+2.571kN> Vertical reaction at A 68572026009) ray Horizontal reaction at C = 2.571 kN & Vertical reaction at C= (6x4) ~ 13.714 = 10.286 kN T Maximum free bending moment for the member BC Fg :119 host ening noes dagun ere Fae Problem a een sn Find dra naw 2 ow _ 3m fam 2m} 4m 4 an an asnlem ig. $.120 D234 Solution. Distribution Factors. These are calculated in the ‘THEORY OF STRUCTURI table below win Yom ow t am Joint] Member] Relative stiffness] Toral relative | Distribution] nase a Pi or G 2 82 KN x gees a} 2 ; g as 3 reste va clo | ¥.# " aa a ~1.64-5.82 | cp | tata 9 VoviemareonaD esas 434 aa 4.365 RN 24RNim Mpg =+24 kN Vertical reaction at D =V= Vertical reaction at A ~ 35.56 kNm = 413.91 INT : Vertical reaction at B= V, = (32+ 60)~ 13.91 ~9.88 =48.27k +1178 ANe Horizontal reaction at = H, = 4.365 kN» Problem 49. Analyse the portal frame shown in Fig. 5.12 Note thatthe lateral translation of joins is prevented. Howev ’ < the joints B and C are free rotate on tt fe 2 bi 1sm 1sm 3 a " w an 20% “len en] 2m soa | 20 0 | 001 wae vite [ase oes | esa ~ _ wh ig, 6.122 Fig. 5.124 Solution. Distribution Factors. These are calculated in th table below Joint] Member Relative stiffness [Total relative | Distribution stiffness | factors u_1_ it 3 econ ea sr 5 6 2 BC 5 ss2ive ace SI 3 1 6 3 5MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD aed End Moment En 50x4 Ma=-% = 25KNM, Mi py = +25 KN IBEW, Ay = +2813 kN Mr Meg =0. Mac =0 ‘The moment distribution is carried out below. Reactions at Supports Horizontal reaction at A 22.26 +30.49-S0x2 soz acon D tie 19 ere Horizontal reaction at C '=50-22.942-6.748 = 20.310 kN Vertical reaction at A 30.49 +17.99-75x1.5 F = 41.6657 LN Neral eacton aD 30. x1 Vga OHO HTSALS _ 33.333 > 0 1125 [ress 3 + 0.63 Soa “035 | oan Phir | 2-045 | -068 | ae | 7 - ed ae Hyg =~15ANm eS oin vows an O44 | oz 2a “ie ne 4 > 38 O3e | -o18 7m ia oe rm sm ste 108 | oe 002 Ss Oh ws sont ote | oo ; = 1214 +929 | =3.10 0 sm c Fig. 5.190 7 Fixed End Moments Fig. 8.182 20x4 Distribution Factors. These are calulatedin the table bev My =~ y= MOEN; My, = + 10KN el . Joint| Member| Relative stiffness | Total relative | Distribution My, = 1OZ 213.33 Nm: My =4 1333 km |__| stifness factors 2 73 3 May = Myg = My =Mge =0 Bi mM) op 7 See moment table below. a Forthe equim of the joint C u Mgt My, =0 938 3104af <0 Pal eu 4 M,,=~6.19 kN 302 7 619 Obviously — 919 3 10RNm 2 oor Fig. 5.131 shows the bending moment diagram forthe fame Te 9294Nm 520 B-1su0 ‘ . > 12144 8 ry 9294Nm Fl eivtnn | 14k tng > 7 5 ale 10 A on Fig. 5189 tin vein : ones tn 928m Fig. 5.131 A > Problem 51. Analyse the frame shown in Fig. 5.132. 0293kim Solution. Fixed End Moment 68285 km BM.Diagzam 9157 kon Fig, 5.194 Fig. 5.134 shows the bending moment diagram forthe frameMOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD om Problem 52. Analyse the loaded frame shown in Fig. 5.135 and draw the B.M. diagram for the frame. son corsim ie! fim c A uw a ant > oe ; 5 " ama Fig. 5.137 Solon. Disttbaon Factors These eel in te 53 Analyse the ame shown in Fig, 5138. Draw (able below _ BM. diagram and sketch the deflected shape of the frame. Joint] Membel Relative sifess] Tol relative] Disribuon| stiffness ‘factors | 7am 2 eT BA 4304 5 | sr | 7 p | BC a 2 A | 4 5 } oa i onl a L 4 5 Fixed End Moments vow 90x12? oO My 1x2" = 40 km a . ig. 6.198 Solution. Distribution Factors: These ae calculated inthe able below. ‘The moment distribution is worked out below ‘ ea ee Joint| Member! Relative stiffness| Total relative | Distribution 500 e100 ‘Bo stifness | factors +2000 +1600 +800 i 7 12000 8000 rey | alma} f B c | 4 2 e | ac | ESA a 1 ose | 67s 4 2 aa cl ce | bet 2 | 6 8 5 | cp | 3.22 st 2 \ | a678 8 5 . 1 c 8 | 3 MALT. CENTRAL LIBRARY238 THEORY OF STRUCTURE Fed End Moments Problem 54. Draw she bending moment diagram forth 20x6 loaded frame shown n Fig. 3182 Nig = 75 «15 tv Mg = 41519 : own rans 108 8 im, Mfg =-48 kN SOkNin i I sm {25m asm 4 am Sn cee ee “Ts of © @ so im @ hn f Fig. 5142 on Solution, Distribution Factors. These are calculated in th BY table below: ES Fed End Moments May = ans =-37.5kNm rome fi = #375 0m 145 aga Fig. 5.139 40x1.5x2.5? sats sa My, = SES 223.44 Nn: 1.5? x: ty =+ 7 75 14062Nim 204 ay Mg 2 Poco tm 1030 My = +608Nm [vin] ember ete iis a vate | Dsraon] ine stifess | factor 7 7 ma 4 4 San be : an 1 Fig. 8140 4 j - 21 1 a) 4 2 1 1 c oe 4 4 1 a 1 ° 4 4 4 ce | 322 1 a 4304 2 | J de Fig. 6.141 Detected shape of the beam,MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD a rex +009 ost 37 6000 | geede I £ i ra e180 Fie S144shonsthe Ba nga rte fae 33.02 ie | 4.26.89 oy BES st sas omy ELE a Fig, 5.144 Problem 8. Analyse the frame shown in Fig. 5.145. All ‘members have the same flexural rigidity. Solution, Distribution Factors. These are calculated in the table below Joint| Member] Relative stifness |Toral relative | Distribution stiffess | factors T T A Z 4 1 2 ne 1 1 4 | 2 1 1 ce | 4 ar 3 L ‘ 1 oe 4 3 | 1 1 — 4 3 239 Fig. 5.145 Fixed End Moment May = Mg = M, 100 +p a+ 25KNm: iM 100 Me =+25kNm ‘The moment distribution is carried out below. ae 3 [2 3 |eee3 rip 5148 Fig, $.147240 ‘Sway type-portal frames. These may be classified into (a) Pure sway frame and (b) General sway frame. (a) PURE SWAY FRAME. In this cas, the loading on the portal frame consists ofa horizontal load say Q atthe level ofthe ‘beam as shown in Fig. 5.148. The following cases arise, @ 3 Fig. 5.148 Case 1. When both ends ofthe frame are fixed. Fig. 5.148(a) shows a portal fame ABCD with both ends fixed. Let AB = I; and CD = t, Let the moments of inertia of these columns be I, and I, respectively. Let the frame be subjected to a pure sway force Q (—>) as shown in Fig. 5.148(a). Let the frame deform or sway to the position AB,C;D. Let the displacement BB, = CC, =d. Now considering each member as a separate fixed member, the fixed end moments are as follows. Member ABW, OES Menber CDif g = 92 = Since 6 is not known, these moments are also not known, ‘THEORY OF STRUCTUF Applying these moments ~ m and ~ n for the spans of AB CD, the moment distribution can be completed. Adding ‘moments in the moment table, we get the moments shown in colu (@). Let the moments shown in column (a) be due toa sway forc With the moments shown in column (a) which are due to some S: ‘sway force S, the horizontal thrust at (equal to H,) and the horizontal thrust at D (equal to H) can be determined. Resolving the forces horizontally, we get a © S=H, +H, Hy ‘Thus we can determine S. ol For a sway force $ the sway Fig. 5.150 ‘moments are as per column (a), ‘ For the actual sway force Q the corresponding sw emcee 9 cc ome Case 2. When both ends of the frame are hinged. In this case, considering again each member as a separ fixed member the fixed end moments are GELS 6E,5 But Hy My =~ SEB ,_ Sb a a wh as saymin _ [Tee sens _ 6618 as. cs Let Mw eee ‘ese mometar eter in te moment ale Th end A Pu | Dx] contested by applying @coneting moment of + °T7'° and d a_™ ™ o - a |D ' BEI; comresponding cary-over moment of + ~/3'" iscaried over to Similarly the end Dis alsocomected and cary.over moment EL eB is cartied over to C. Adding the results, we getMOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD ign ED i 0 wep 3EL3 3EKB hh ty Mg! Tp og Apia meee Farther analysis carried out asin case 1. The initial equivalent moments will be m= 0 case 3. When one end ofthe frame is hinged and the other end is fixed. Let the end A be hinged and the end D be fixed. Proceeding as inthe previous cases considering each member ‘asa separate fixed member, sens Fa a8, ; oer ars! |e aaa + oo ary Eh | ; 7 Se Fi e ° i ® Ih, | o e r ners “These momenta ene in to more able-The ed Ai ons cone by ping «comeing nomen of + 2 an E18 corepusngcamy-overmomenot+ 22 scaredoverb Adding the results, we get, ' . E18 ma ie ; 6E1,5 =m mae 3EI3 GELS hy Wy RB Re 241 Further analysis is carried out as in case 1. The initial equivalent ‘moment will be m= = mg: Mag =—5= M's Problem $6. Find the moments at A, B, C and D for the portal frame shown in Fig. 5.153. Draw also the BM. diagram for the ‘frame. All members have the same flexural rigidity. Solution. Distribution Factors. These are calculated as shown inthe table below {Joint | Member] Relative sifess [Total relative | Distribution stiffness | factors art 3 i By BT 43m 4 3 ac | te 2 24 3 cl co | te 31 2 | 24 3 1 1 @ 4 3 Since the sway force on the frame acts towards the right, the initial moments m',, and mg at B and C for the spans BA and CD are negative. a c ae) = 4a z 31 4 0 a San. on r50 S267 ios in [=207< in] ia som 033 “+030. -ou) "om, om 010-011 | soa] stan” faale efron ree Fig. 6.154 als ae migimia= 1 go =yger Let ng 8.00ANi With these moments the moment distribution is carried out.242 4m Pare 3.613 eS Fig. 5.155 Let Se the sway force for which the sway moments are as per col. (a). 0-611 Horizontal thrust at A=" 2.037 RN ~ 3 Horizontal. thrust at D= =-3613N 4 Resolving the forces on the frame horizontally, we have S = 2.037+3.613=5.65kN Thus, For a sway force of 5.65 EN the sway moments are as per col @ :. For the actual sway force of 12 kN are corresponding away 2 ‘moments are 5°55 X col. (a) moments THEORY OF STRUCT Correct horizontal reaction at D 14.06-16.63 | 4 ‘Vertical reaction at A 12.98+14.06 v, Vertical reaction at Problem 57. A rwo-hinged portal frame ABCD consists of vertical ‘columns AB and DC of 4 m height and ‘the beam BC of 3 m length. The frame carries a vertical point load of 120 kN ‘on the beam at a distance of I m from B. Find the reactions at the supports and draw the bending moment diagram for the frame. Assume that all | members have the same flexural rigidity. Solution, (i) Non-sway analysis, Fixed End Moments Meg™ Mya = Mag 120%1%2? My 2 ls ; Fig. 5.158 =-53.33k Nm +26.67 km Distribution Factors. The distribution factors are calcu in the table below — —#____e_ id a mn BY) FA laa i6 251 25 Actual sway |O 12.98 | + 12.98 + 14.06) ~ 14.06 ~ 16.63 eo 3. 48 25 sa | a | os eat © co [31289 48 9 2m 44" 1648 25 S) 35) fas 3m Ako 0 $333 +2667 0 7 = 0.99 1352kN co i +020 | s036. =o18 | -010 Correct horizontal reaction at A — et ft 0-12.98 . +002 | soon “002 | oot “3 =~ 4.33 IN o +2481 2481 +1783 [-1753 o Fig. 6.159MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD a 0+ 24.81 Horizontal reaction at A > 175340 4 6.2025 kN 54.3825 IN 6.2025 kN—> 3825 LN 182kV—> Horizontal reaction at D Forces acting left to right Forces acting right to left “Sway force 1204 am Im a an len 4 2 62055 Rais Fig. 5.160 am, Lani lam lam Fig. 5. Since the frame sways tothe right the initial equivalent moments are negative ‘The ratio of the initial equivalent moments at the tops of the columns, hohltit Miggimeg= bd og tas Shel say 10:10 Bie ae Let the moments shown in col. (a) be due to a sway force S. 0-71.27 Horizontal reactionatA =~ 18175 kN 1817S kN 243, a © S=365 RN Ta decay Basan Fie. 6163 Resolving the forces horizontally $ = 1.8175+1.8175=3.635, AN For a sway force of 3.365 kN the sway moments are as per col soot fea) 8127 ar a) Fig. 5.162 @. . Forthe actual sway force of 1.82 AV the actual sway moments ill be ua iL. willbe 355 Xeol (a) moments A B c D Col@ [0 -7| +7 +77 |-727 0 “Retual way | momen, 1.82 {EZ cota) |o 264} +364 +364 | -364 Non-sway [0 $2481) 2481 +1753 | -1753 moments | Final 0 vaia7| 2117 42117 | 2.17 0 moments Reactions 0421.17 f= 7OENT as 298N 3; 21.1740 y= =-5291N 4 Ve= 40KN 1 Vq= 804N 1 5899 Nim Mn 1946 ata cy.i7 Nm kN ic & S| S 4m 529m a ph SiR srrsew aan 01N v= 404N Fig. 5.164 Fig, 5.165244 THEORY OF STRUCT Problem $8. Analyse the portal frame shown in Fig. 5.166. 04793 Horizontal reaction atA 1.9825 eV > sow 4 re = Horizontal reaction at D 1.23508 = 2 c @ | +, Sway force = 1.9825 ~1.2350= 0.7475 AN > (id Sway Analysis The frame will now be analysed fora sway force of 0 o 0 wo O.7475KN BR 4m 4m 4m 2p © | 4m] O | 4m 4 o ‘A Fig. 5.166 Solution. Distribution Factors, These are calculated in the table below. | {Doin ]Member] — Retasve Road relarive] Disriburion > stiffness stiffness. factors 4 37 Tr x Fig. 5.167 BY) BA) F476 ww i Since the frame sways towards right the initial equi moments are negative. Ratio of the inital equivalent mome 16 the tops ofthe columns a 8 8 a BC . Ahh 4716 u Mig :Med = 4:12 a) 2. 8 yy | pe | aw it | | 16 | oo 31 3 | Ate 0 0 447 16 i a “i 2 © Non-sway anabysis = — Fixed End Moments 16 jin =i. - 053 Moo = Mou =Mod=Mac=0 ora | “039 “039 | 018 40x1x3? 020 Mee ge 7722S +05 | +015 +008 40x17 x3 aS tx =002 | 70 : a= sok | -o02 | “06 2 e too | rou 02 ‘The moment distribution is worked out below too ° C0) KL oe) ate ay 4 an _ ili] Let the moments shown in column (a) be due to sway 2350 vie fo oP. v6 a8 | dos 2 c 273 +818 $= 43951 4m 199 s9s_| -228 | 208 10 | sos | s27 “om _| -oa7 ~037 109 sm an soso | ¥0ar a _| 030 oun Ten} son | $029. “oto 004 =0as zais | soo | +008 Zon] 008 aisrsie [zis [006 002 vom | soot ear} 001 jo +793, 793 +498 494 0 oe redMOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD 0-8.79 Horizontal reaction at A = ~~~ =—2.1975N 8.7940 . Horizontal reaction at D = => == 2.1975 kN ‘Resolving horizontally, S=2.1975 +2.1975=4.395 kN For a sway force of 4.395 AN the sway moments are as per coe oe the actual sway force of 0.7475 kW the actual sway O47 hay moment moments willbe, 4 395 *Col(a) moments 4 B c b Ce Cd ewal ay ‘moments 0245 ufo —1498| +1495 41495 |-1495 0 4395 Nowsvay [0 +793|-793 +404] 4040 Final moments [0 +6435) 6435 + 6.435 sta ‘ow B im “ | Olam aalo » 1a 1st Be is D 30aN rob 8M. Dagan Fig 5.18 Fig 5.170 046435 ‘Actual horizontal eaction at A = = + LOIN 643540 Actal horizon reation at D2 —5* = rae Vertical reaction at D= 10KN Vertical reaction at A= 30 kN Problem 59. Analyse the portal frame shown in Fig. 5.171 All members have the same flexural rigidity man a-——___*" © 4m sm D rm Fig 5.171 min 245, Solution, Distribution Factors ‘These are determined in the table below in| eed Reatoe oar] Drouin TH 31 7 es oS 48 8 3 | oo 8 3 cB uf A G 8 | 3 o 1_u xy of 2 ms + | 3 (Now Sway Anat Fuad Moments Mo Hu =iia=Haso 12x6x2? Fig = OE aso ‘ 135000 ay : Poa Renee 31 Sue cone [oo esas ea eas 8 bl hse are F P Fig. 5.173,246 2.324464 Horizontal reaction at A= °° ¢ -9.76-4.88 L.T4kN Horizontal reaction at D A «, Sway Force = 3.66~ 1,74= 1.92 kN — (ii) Sway Analysis ‘The frame sways towards left. The initial equivalent moments are positive. The ratio of inital equivalent moments atthe tops of the columns, 3.664N & Mii THEORY OF STRU ey ~ 928kN Fig. 6.176 3 7 i 0 oot 2.00 0.00, -001 M. Dingras [eo ras rss] sie 5a | ssa vase Fig. 8.177 eo Actinic me aim : tye 88 roy eee Actual horizontal reaction at D Hye 8 Lara os anh : . Ves maionatD 343k Fig. 5.175 KN” ~6.0848.32+412x6 Let the moments shown in col (a) be due to a ‘sway force 5. 8 Horizontal reaction at. 4 +3434 > Fig. 5.177 shows the B.M. diagram for the frame. ‘Horizontal reaction at 4 8 343K Erablem 60, Analyse the portal fr wh Ce Resolving the forces horizontally S = 3.43 +3.43 = 6.86 kN Fora sway force of 6.86 kN the sway moments are as per col(a) For the actual sway force of 1.92 kN’, the actual sway ibe, 2 rT Cota) +858 +514 [514 +514 [+5ia vase] [oine Solution. Distribution Factors. See table below: Member! Relative [Total relative | Distribu u cS 10 30 7 Be 1530 7 J 15° 30 7 a ; ad 10°30 | 7MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD sun he B Fig. 6.178 (@Non-sway Analysis Fixed End Moment Mas = Mig = Mos= Ma =0 ~axsx10? Mic = pgs 78:89 kN Me™ gt 44x37 x10 = 444kNm Ma= “1s 2 ¢ = iy 4 i afr E> sw saat oof cer vi Forces acting right to left= 1.3700 kV <=, Sway force = 1.5975 ~ 1,3700=0.2275 kN Now, the frame will be analysed for a sway force of 0 IN (ii) Sway Analysis. Since the frame sways towards the the initial equivalent moments are negative, The ratio of initial equivalent moments at the tops 0 columns 2h ty 2020 Mg mg = TN a EE 1 say 10:10 at eg? ° The corresponding moment istrbution is shown in the below. Left the moments shown in col(a) be due to sway force 5 Horizontal reaction at A, 825-648 : 7 . 3.6825 kv 0 kNm 02278 A Wee 30 COT ae 1 2 am an im 4a in in iN a. 5.108 4] ets $ aa D 7 ° ° ° ° ols +70} i ssn. sant saat] S| So, 4 $236 286 set Peas SS | as zone | ISSR ae | Foss ost OSI os rae era +022 | $039 ~034 | -027 L OB) TO. 1032 | +036 ro : + vo vane on0 a Eee -0w7| “0a” $59 | on | +008 — 0.08 +004 0.04 0.05 soo] 788 RT aoe +002] 03 003 [Ug Faa6 [mae 08 [a8 [eal 8 Maan saMOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD ‘Actual horizontal reaction at D 249 59440 _ ovzotal ection st D,= “P9822 passive arn , Resolving horizontally, S=3.6825 + 1.4850=5.16754N ag cee Rese re ofS 1675 AN he sway moments a as per Vertical ection aD col(a) - x3%) Forth actual sway force of 0.2275 kN BOSTAIODS a sygy 02275 3 Toe actual sway moments willbe, 92275 cola momens, Yea reaction : "2C10%3)= 15924 14.4140 = Problem 62. Analyse the portal frame shown in Fg. 5.190. . The lerara igi she same for all he members: sesu618 2 a oo om mie én 4 abs D| Al _sesskn Diy asso 4 FON rig, 5.187 rip. 6.108 ig. 5.180 A 8 Solution. Distribution Factors, These are calculated in the a ea tablebelow Toit] Member | Relaive [fowl etatve | Disribuion 2275 i i 9225 caye)| 036 -028| +028 +026 | -026 a H i Non-sway +213 44.26 1-426 © +548 | -5.48 3 an | i Foalnoms [3077 3398 | 388 FEE ST i 2 3 c cB e | | u | 2 lo | tom 3 | on 7 Non-sway Analysis Fixed End Moments 177m > BM.Disgam Fig. 5.109 Actual horizontal reaction at A 1,77+3.98 Hy = + 144iN 4250 The moment distribution is carried out below a aig ; 4 217 D 7 ~ O90 Tosa To 7 F080 ost| ~o39 too | S017 “oi7] os +0005, 009 0.09 oor 003 | +006 005) —o04 ~008 Toor Fo02 oor =O 037] 087-039 Fig. 6.191 +0.22+0.43 Horizontal reaction at = 0.1083 kV —> 0.57-0.29 Horizontal reaction at D= O.2150kN 4 :. Sway force (unbalanced horizontal force) = 0.2150~0.1083 = 0.1067 AN & Sway Analysis: The frame will now be analysed for a sway force of 0.1067 LS 12 Nim , ‘ 2 5 kN om om ion oes” the ee rig. 100 Fig. 8.308 Since the frame sways towards left the initial equivalent ‘moments are postive. The ratio ofthe inital equivalent moments at the tops of the columns equals. tom, et 2 tt Mhaimeg = Sag Lets take my =-+4 kN and my =+94Nm mig = 44. ENm and mi, = +9 Nm With these initial moments, the moment distribution is worked 2 16:36=4:9 out below az q x5 r Ata sam T 0 a “anf D 133 | Sas ast oar mas? She a voss | FT. 2507 | +087 oa +037 S056 +029 aos | “036 27085 | -037 oer ~029 945 019 aoe | FoIm 5008 | +0, “aor +00 ST Taos -001 | “oor 2808 | 008 eot@f-am 4347 | 347 _~s36 | o336 +720) ig. 5184 THEORY OF sTRUCTU 2 - — 5= 434 ae 4m ery Fig. 5.195 Let the moments shown in Col(a) be due to a sway force | Horizontal reaction at A $3.7343.47 =+ 1204N 6 Horizontal reaction at D $5.3647.20 a “ =+314kN Resolving horizontally $ 20+3.16=4.34 kN For a sway force of 4.34 AN, the sway moments are as cola). Hence, forthe actual sway force of 0.1067 kN, the actual sx 0.10 moments, willbe, xcol(a) moments a3 A a co vay van [3a 2 [ p50 WT [aca je-t067 Coll 0.09 +0.08 | - 0, 0. On: 1 "IS cova) | +000 +008 |-008 013] e013 + Noni — | +022 +048[-048 +0s7]-087 02 Pil Moneas| v0.81 +031] 081 voxi|-oa Ton Le 10s Horizontal reaction at VO31051 = ONO sats Horizontal acon at 0440.1 - Mine 10 aaa Vertical reaction at, 0.514044 -1.2%3x1.5 3 + LS2kN Vertical reaction at D, Vye-JBUTION METHOD MOMENT oIST 120 Vien a c Im 6m Uk 14a 93tkm 178m oak Lak Fig 5.196 os7s im a oat kvm orem D 031 Nm BM. Diagram Fig. 8.197 Fig. 5.197 shows the B.M. diagram forthe frame. Problem 63. ABCD is a portal frame subjected toa horizontal load of 30 kN/m acting uniformly on the vertical column AB. The supports at A and D are hinged as shown in Fig. 5.198. Analyse the frame and draw the BM. diagram. All members have the same i iat Stato Diao acts. Th a tein de nt [Sane Penge gc a] am 2 | | UW v 2 BC i. w o : : 251 2 c = tn : Fig. 6.198 Ce Panel : 2018 «scot a 30x8? - ine a 12 7 F asa - 2 3] 2] 3[3] r , +160 | 0 of o of ag 102.86 1374 0 o | : a ar ; oT) ; =e eae Srinoetsmeed ; eae . ee ain e1noors=zs00nsiN pec ernasine ‘Sway force 147.27 kN >