Science chapter 3

Water for life

Essay type questions of text

1. Explain water cycles with figures.
Ans: The water of ponds, canals, rivers and seas turns into vapours by the heat of the sun.
Water vapours go up through the atmosphere, cool down and turn into small particles of water.
The small particles of water gather at a place to form clouds and float in the sky. Then these
drop down on earth as rains. When water particles in the cloud become extremely cold, the
particles turn into ice and falls down on earth as hails. Rain water flows over the soil and mixes
with river water.

Figure: Water Cycle

Water vapours reach to the mountain peaks as clouds. There the cold atmosphere turns water
droplets of the clouds into ice. In summer the ice melts into water due to the heat of the sun
and flows down the slope of the hills. This leads to the creation of small rivers in the hills. The
water of the rivers finally falls into the sea. This cyclic order in which water returns back is called
a water cycle.

2. How will you prove that are always some water vapours in water?
Ans: Air contains some vapours all the time. To prove it, at first, we have to take a few pieces of
ice in water a glass. After some time, we can see some drops of water outside the glass. Water
inside the glass pot cannot come out.
 Figure: Water drops outside the glass

The glass became cold due to the cold ice. Reaching cold surface water vapours of the air
turned into water drops. From this experiment, we can realize that, there are always some
water vapours in the air.

3. What are the main causes of water pollution?

Ans: Man pollutes water mixing different things in it through careless activities. The main
reasons for water

pollution are given below:

1. Washing utensils and dirty clothes, bathing cattle, rotting raw jutes, excreting, throwing
animal carcass etc. pollute water of ponds, marshes, canals and rivers.

2. Washing beds, clothes and excretions of patients suffering from cholera, dysentery, typhoid
and diarrhea in ponds, marshes, canals and rivers pollute water with the germs of the diseases.

3. Throwing of wastes from mills and factories into water pollutes it since the wastes carry
harmful substances.

4. The excess amount of insecticides used in agriculture is drained by rain water into marshes,
canals and rivers and pollutes water.

5. Floods and tidal waves inundate villages and cities. The excretions of men, domestic animals
and birds mix with water and pollute it. This polluted water mix with the water of ponds, wells
and tube wells and makes the drinking water undrinkable.

6. Besides there are natural causes of Arsenic pollution. There is mineral of Arsenic down in the
earth. When Arsenic comes in touch with the layer of water it mixes with the water and pollutes
it.

4. How is water pollution prevented?

Ans: To prevent water pollution the causes of water pollution should be stopped.
1. We should not wash utensils, dirty clothes and bath our cattle in the water bodies.
2. We should not throw excretion, animal carcass etc. in the water bodies.
3. Stop throwing of wastes from mills and factories into water.
4. We should not use excess amount of insecticides in the fields.
5. Stop washing beds, clothes and excretions of patients suffering from cholera, dysentery,
typhoid and cholera.

5. How is pond water purified to make it free from germs?

Ans: There are many ways to make pond water free from germs. But boiling is the best way to
kill the germs properly.

1. Filtration: Water may be cleaned by filtration through a thin cloth or filter. This water is clean
but not free from germs.

2. Sedimentation: If we keep river or canal water into a pitcher for a while and we will see
sediments at the bottom of the pitcher. But the water in the upper part of the pitcher is clean.
The process of separating clean water in this way called sedimentation. This water is not fully
free from germs.

3. Purifying water with chemicals: Water may be purified by mixing it with alum, bleaching
powder, halogen powder etc.

4. Boiling: Boiling is the best way to make water germ free. When water starts boiling it is to be
heated more for twenty minutes to kill the germs in it. Water is then cooled and filtered to
make it 

Water for life

Short Answered Questions of text

1. Why does water wet the outside of a glass when ice is kept in it?
Ans: Water wets the outside of a glass when ice is kept in it. This water has not come from the
ice inside the glass pot. The glass became cold due to the cold ice. Reaching cold surface water
vapors of the air turned into water drops.

2. What is the cause of Arsenic pollution?

Ans: There is mineral of Arsenic down in the earth. When Arsenic comes in touch with the layer
of water it mixes with the water and pollutes it.

3. What are the diseases caused by drinking polluted water?

Ans: The diseases caused by drinking polluted water are: cholera, dysentery, typhoid and
diarrhea, stomach and skin diseases. Drinking of Arsenic polluted water for a long time causes
a kind of disease or scar in the hands and legs called Arsenicosis.

Fill in the blanks

1. Water is essential for life.
*2. Plants get water and nutrition from soil.
*3. Water is used as a medium for digestion.
*4. We get our foods from fruits, leaves and grains of plants.
*5. Water is also essential to maintain the proper temperature of our body.
*6. Air contains some vapors all the time.
*7. The tube wells which have Arsenic in water are marked red.
8. We need to drink and use safe water for a healthy living.
*9. When water starts boiling it is to be heated more for twenty minutes to kill the germs in it.
Short answered questions
1. What is hail?
Ans: When water particles in the cloud become extremely cold, the particles turn into ice and
falls down on earth as hails.

*2. What is polluted water?

Ans: The water which has any harmful substance mixed in it is called polluted water.

*3. Is there any cure for Arsenicosis?

Ans: There is no easy cure for Arsenicosis. But the cure is possible if the disease is diagnosed
during the primary stage and drinking of Arsenic polluted water is stopped.

*4. Is Arsenicosis infectious?

Ans: No, Arsenicosis is not infectious. If one goes to a patient of Arsenicosis there is no
possibility of attack by the disease.

5. What should we do during floods and tidal bores?

Ans: It is not possible to boil water during floods and tidal bores. In such a situation water may
be purified by mixing it with alum, bleaching powder, halogen tablets etc. in right proportion.

6. How river water is purified and supplied to the houses in big cities?
Ans: River water is purified and supplied to the houses in big cities by mixing it with alum,
bleaching power, halogen tablet etc.

chapter 4

Air

Essay type questions of text

1. What are the works where flow of air can be used?
Ans: Flow of air can be used in many works.
1. The flow of air is used to rotate big wheels or turbines to generate electricity.
2. Flow of air is also used to clean crops from dirt and hoist sails of boats.
3. We dry our clothes by the flow of air.
4. We feel comfortable in summer when wind blows and touches our body.
5. We use hand fan and electric fan for blowing air to keep our body cool.

2. Discuss how air is polluted?

Ans: Air is mainly polluted by the activities of man.
1. Black smoke from brick fields, mills and factories, buses, trains, tempos and baby taxies
pollutes air.
2. Air becomes polluted if carbon dioxide increases in the air. The burning of coal, petroleum,
and natural gas is the reason for increases of carbon dioxide in air.
3. The smoke of bidi and cigarettes pollutes air.
4. When a patient of tuberculosis or pox sneezes or coughs, he also spreads germs into air and
pollutes it.
5. Excreting and throwing garbage carelessly anywhere spreads foul smell and pollutes air.
6. Air is also polluted by small dust particles during construction of houses, roads and
highways.
*3. Explain how the elements of air help us to live?
Ans: Air mainly contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapours.
1. Oxygen: When we breathe we take oxygen from air. Oxygen breaks down the foods we eat
and creates energy. Fish lives on taking oxygen from the air contained in water. We cannot
build fire without oxygen. We cook our foods and boil water using fire.

2. Nitrogen: Nitrogen is used to produce Urea. This nitrogen is used to preserve different kinds
of foods such as fish, meat, fruits, chips etc. in tins or packets.
3. Carbon dioxide: Carbon dioxide is mixed under high pressure with the soft drink of the
bottle. This gives a sharp taste to the drink. This gas is used to extinguish fire.
4. Water Vapours: Water vapours help to build cloud, to dry clothes.

4. Write the steps to be taken to prevent air pollution?

Ans: Prevention of air pollution is important to keep us safe from the harmful effect of air
pollution. Air pollution may be prevented by taking the following steps:
1. Stop use of vehicles which produce black smokes.
2. Construct brick fields away from human habitations.
3. Develop new technology which uses less fuel.
4. Stop smoking, especially near others or in closed places.
5. Use hearth or cooker of improved quality.
6. Conserve forests.
7. Plant trees of new forestation.

5. Why is smoking harmful?

Ans: Smoke is one of the main causes of air pollution. The smoke suffocates man if he goes
near it. Black smoke contains carbon monoxide, carbon particles and carbon dioxide. Carbon
monoxide is very poisonous. These are harmful to our health. The smoke of bidi and cigarettes
pollutes air. Especially if anybody smokes in a closed room he does more harm to other people
in the room.

Short answered questions of text

1. Write the names of four elements of air?
Ans: The four elements of air are: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapours.

2. What is acid rain?

Ans: When coal is burnt the sulphur in the coal burns and produces sulphur dioxide. The oxide
of sulphur mixes with rain water and makes it acidic. This rain is called acid rain.

3. How can air pollution in the kitchen be decreased?

Ans: A hearth or a cooker is another source of producing carbon dioxide. Air pollution in the
kitchen can be
decreased by taking the following steps:
1. Use hearth or cooker of improved quality.
2. Use proper ventilation in the kitchen.

4. How can the effects of pollution by brick fields be decreased?

Ans: Black smoke from brick fields contains carbon monoxide, carbon particles and carbon
dioxide. The following steps can be taken to decrease the effects of pollution by brick fields.
1. Construct brick fields away from human habitation.
2. Develop new technology which uses less fuel.

5. What are the places where air does exist?

Ans: Air surrounds us from all sides. The air that surrounds us is called atmosphere. Earth soil
contains air in the small spaces between the granules. There is air in water also, mixed in it. Air
is an important element of environment.

Air

More questions
*1. What is atmosphere?
Ans: The air that surrounds us is called atmosphere.

2. How do we take oxygen?

Ans: When we breathe we take oxygen.

3. What does oxygen do? Or, Why do we need oxygen?

Ans: Oxygen breaks down the foods we eat and creates energy.

*4. Why do we need oxygen?

Ans: Energy keeps our body warm.

*5. How does fish live in water?

Ans: Fish lives on taking oxygen from the air contained in water.

6. Give some examples of using air?

Ans: We use air in different ways:
1. We cannot build fire without oxygen. We cook our foods and boil water using fire.
2. We burn fuels to run mills and factories, drive vehicles, generate electricity.
3. The flow of air is used to rotate big wheels or turbines to generate electricity.
4. Flow of air is also used to clean crops from dirt and hoist sails of boats.

7. How does air help us in communication system? Or, How do the things filling with air give us
benefit?
Ans: The wheels of bicycles, rickshaws and cars are filled with air. This helps bicycles, rickshaws
and cars to move fast. Riding bicycles and rickshaws become easy.

*8. Where is less oxygen?

Ans: There is less oxygen on peaks of mountains.

9. When patients are given with oxygen from cylinders?

Ans: Patients with breathing problems are given oxygen from cylinders.

*10. Why drivers carry oxygen cylinder?

Ans: We cannot breathe under water. This is why drivers carry oxygen cylinders to stay under
river or sea water for a long time in search of things.

11. Why is Urea used?

Ans: Urea is used for the growth of plants.
*12. Write the uses of Nitrogen?
Ans: Nitrogen of the air is used to produce Urea. This nitrogen is used to preserve different
kinds of foods such as fish, meat, fruits, chips etc. in tins or packets.

*13. Why is carbon dioxide mixed with soft drink?

Ans: Carbon dioxide is mixed under high pressure with the soft drink of the bottle. This gives a
sharp taste to the drink.

14. Why we rotate the big wheels or turbines?

Ans: To generate electricity we rotate big wheels or turbines.

15. Why do we dry our wet clothes in the sun and open places?
Ans: Water turns into vapour in air because of heat from wet clothes in open places.

16. What is air pollution?

Ans: Many things may mix with air in different ways. The quantity of the elements of air may
also increase or decrease for different reasons. If there is any change in the natural
composition of air it becomes harmful to us.
The change in the natural composition of air is called air pollution.

17. Why do we feel cold when wind blows and touches our body?
Ans: Flows of air absorbs heat. So we feel cold when wind blows and touches our body.

*18. What does smoke contain?

Ans: Smoke contains carbon dioxide, carbon particles and carbon monoxide.

*19. Which gas is very poisonous?

Ans: Carbon monoxide is very poisonous.

*20. Which diseases can be caused by air pollution?

Ans: Polluted air creates problems of respiration and different diseases in the body. A man may
be attacked by fatal diseases such as allergy, cough, asthma, bronchitis, high blood pressure,
headache, lung cancer etc. due to polluted air>

*21. How does fire extinguisher equipment work?

Ans: Fire is not ignited without oxygen. If there is a fire anywhere carbon dioxide is sprayed
there from this equipment. This gas is heavier than air. So the gas forms a cover on the fire.
Thus oxygen cannot come in contact to the fire and the fire is extinguished.