Modified UWB Microstrip Monopole Antenna for

Cognitive Radio Application

Arjuna Muduli, Rabindra K. Mishra
Department of Electronic Science
Berhampur University, Berhampur, Odisha 760007(1ndia)
mr.arjuna.muduli@ieee.org

Abstract: This paper proposes a new dual port wide and

narrow band antenna for cognitive radio (CR) application. The II. ANTENNA DESIGN CONSIDERATION

narrow band antenna is a microstrip patch antenna printed on

the reverse side of the wide band CPW fed printed monopole
antenna. The wide band antenna is used for spectrum sensing
and the narrow band antenna is used for communication in
CR.

Keywords: microstrip, UWB, cognitive radio ,.

I. INTRODUCTION

The radio spectrum has become a scarce resource for

recent wireless communications. Increasing demand of
finite spectrum access motivated researchers for dynamic
and open access of spectrum. Taking this concept in to
consideration in 1999 J Mitola and etal. [ 1] proposed the orll

concept of cognitive radio (CR). This CR is a special radio Fig. 1: Front side of the antenna structure
device capable of autonomously managing itself with self
learning from its past experience [2] and self reconfiguring
to match its RF environment, using a hybrid reconfigurable 5,
Sp
antenna. There are two different types of CR: the spectrum
interweave (overlay) and underlay [3]. Spectrum underlay
CR, needs a wide band antenna, since its secondary users
can always transmit their signals within the allowed
interference level fixed by the primary users. Primary and
secondary users share the same channel [4], so the
interference from the primary user is more on the secondary
user. In the interweave mode, unoccupied part of the
spectrum is searched by CR and in this free spectrum the
signal transmitted without any power constraints. In this
system the primary users who own the spectrum can access .--_ --=F�ig.
Port
2: Back side view
the channel at any time and the secondary user can access
that spectrum if and only if the primary user is inactive [4]. I
So in this system there is no interference with the primary
users. To minimize the interference the overlay CRs are
widely used. For this CR, there is a requirement of two
antennas: one wideband sensing antenna for monitoring the
spectrum availability and a reconfigurable narrow band
antenna for communication [5].
In this communication we propose the design of a hybrid
type dual feed microstrip antenna configuration for
interweave mode of CR. The structure is composed of two
printed antennas with dual feed system. One UWB antenna Port 1

of rectangular shape is used to sense the spectrum from 3.49 Fig. 3: transparent view of antenna structure
GHz to 10 GHz. For communication a microstrip
rectangular patch shape antenna is used which performs the
narrow band operation from 5.3 GHz to 5.75 GHz.

978-1-4673-9536-6/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE

 Sl. Parameter Value
No in mm
1 Wm 18
2 Lm 19.5
3 Gm 1.2
4 Cm 2. 1
5 Tm 0.45
6 Le 9.3 -20 '-------'
3 10 11
7 Wp 1 1.5
frequency 16Hz
8 Lp 7.8 Fig. 5: S parameter for narrow band microstrip patch
9 Sl 1 1.4 antenna
10 Sp 3.8
Or
Table 1: Design parameter consideratIOn I ----------,------------------,
-10
Figure 1 shows a printed single step rectangular UWB ..
..
monopole antenna. It is printed on a FR4 substrate ( 1.6mm .5 -20
�
thick & £,. = 4.3). Table 1 shows other dimensions of the � ·30
monopole structure for optimum matching over a wide rt
:E
- 40
bandwidth of about 6.5 GHz. A CPW fed microstrip patch
antenna is designed on the other side of the substrate, for .50 L-______________________,---____
- -----'
3 W 11
which monopole patch is act like a ground plane. The Frequency 16Hz
narrow bandwidth of microstrip antenna meets the Fig. 6: S12 parameter for integrated structure
requirement of communication antenna for CR. This narrow o

band antenna operates in WLAN band i. e. 5.3 GHz to 5.75

GHz. For the narrow band antenna, this UWB monopole
antenna, fed by CPW, acts like a defected ground plane. The
resonant frequency of the narrow band antenna is affected
by the dimension and position of the wideband antenna.
Simulation shows that this is due to the alternation of
current distribution caused by the presence of the monopole
antenna structure on the back side of the narrow band
antenna.

III. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 180

- E-field of recto patch (f=5.49 GHz)
Figure 4 shows the simulated return loss of the UWB
_. - E-field of monopole (f:4 GHz)

monopole antenna to be below -lOdB from 3.49 GHz to 10 - - E-field of monoploe (f=7 GHz)
GHz with a minimum of about -50dB. Figure 5 shows that ... - E-field of monopole (f= 10 GHz)

the return loss of narrow band antenna dips at 5.49 GHz Fig. 7: E-field radiation pattern
with a bandwidth of 0.45GHz. Sl2 curve in figure 6 shows a
coupling below - 10 dB for the whole band except over 5. 1 IV. CONCLUSION

GHz to 6.3 GHz band, where it peaks to -7dB at 5.49 GHz. The performance of integrated wide and narrow band
This can be due to patch antenna feed line, and the coupling printed antenna was investigated. The coupling problem can
between monopole structure (i.e. ground) and patch. be minimised by optimize the position of the patch which is

01 still under investigation. If we add an external tuning circuit

to the narrow band antenna, the integrated antenna can sense
and communicate in all UWB band and hence it can be
III ·20
.. suitable antenna for cognitive radio application.
•
' ;; ·30 - - --- ...... . ,--..-..-.._--..-..--
] REFERENCES
'i: ·40
.. [I] J, Mitola and G. Q, Maguire, "Cognitive radio: Making software
•
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I .50
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.� L-________________________________� [2] S, K. Jayaweera and C G. Christodoulou, "Radiobots:
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