2012 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference 12-13 November 2012, Loughborough, UK

UWB Antenna Designs with Double Band-Notches

for WLAN Frequencies Including Time Domain
Analysis
S.Theepak#1 and Sachendra Sinha#2
#
Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Roorkee-247667. INDIA
1
deepsjack@gmail.com
2
sn_sinha@ieee.org

Abstract—— In this paper, we present designs for a microstrip In this paper, a novel double band notching technique has
line UWB monopole antenna and a CPW fed UWB monopole been introduced by reducing the mutual coupling between the
antenna. First, a monopole antenna to cover the entire UWB notch filter in the patch and in the ground plane. The designed
band of 3.1-10.6GHz is designed. Different types of tapers are antennas exhibit good frequency and time-domain
investigated to achieve the impedance match over the desired characteristics. Although only two frequency band-rejection
band. Next, two band-rejection notches at 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz notches have been introduced in the proposed antennas, the
are introduced by combining two traditional band-notching method can be extended to multiple notches by adding co-
techniques. Performance of the proposed antennas has been directional split ring resonators.
investigated in both frequency and time domain. It is found that
the antennas exhibit omnidirectional radiation in H-Plane, with a The antenna parameters have been optimized with CST
gain of 2-4dB except at the notch frequencies. Both antennas also MICROWAVE STUDIO and an NH9338 substrate of
exhibit low-level ringing and pulse distortion, making them thickness 1.524mm and relative permittivity of 3.38 has been
suitable for applications in UWB communication systems. used in simulation as well as for the fabrication of the antenna.
Keywords-UWB Antennas, Band-notched antennas, Printed
antennas II. ANTENNA CONFIGURATION AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN
BEHAVIOUR
Four different types of UWB antennas have been
I. INTRODUCTION
investigated.
UWB systems transmit in the frequency range of 3.1-10.6
GHz with very low power levels, such that very low power A. Microstripline-fed monopole fed monopole antenna
spectral density (PSD) of -41.3dbm/MHz [1] is achieved. Due without band-notched function
to low PSD, UWB spectrum can be overlaid on the spectra of
other wireless systems without interference.
One problem with UWB systems is that their operation
may interfere with WLAN operating bands which exist at 5.2
GHz (5150-5350 MHz) and 5.8 GHz (5725-5825 MHz). To
overcome this problem, a number of UWB monopole antennas
have been developed which reject the 5.1-5.8GHz frequency
band. The common methods used to achieve band-notched
characteristic include use of slots, such as, inverted U-
shaped[2] and complementary split ring resonator[3], in the
patch and inserting a parasitic strip in the ground plane[2,4].
The main disadvantage of these schemes is that use of a single
band-rejection notch results in the loss of precious spectrum of
700MHz, while the two WLAN bands use only 200MHz and
100MHz, respectively. Antennas with double notches have
been reported in a few articles by using two parasitic strips in Figure 1. Geometry of the proposed antenna without notch , (a) Front Side
the patch [5], co-directional split ring resonator [6] and two and (b) Back Side
edge-located vias mushroom-type electromagnetic bandgap
(ELV-EBG) structures [7].

978-1-4673-2220-1/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE

2012 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference 12-13 November 2012, Loughborough, UK

Fig.1 shows the proposed antenna without band notches. the parameters g and r which have to be optimized. The above
The radiating structure consists of a rectangular patch of size mentioned two methods were combined to produce notches at
Lp×Wp and a tapered transition of length L1. After 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz. The resulting geometry is shown in Fig.
investigating various types of tapers, the Klopfenstein taper 3.
was found to give best impedance match over the desired
bandwidth. The number of sections to approximate the taper The introduction of T-strip and CSSRR resulted in a shift
was taken to be 100 and passband ripple of -30dB was in the notch frequencies due to coupling between them.
assumed. The width of the feed-line Wf is taken to be Therefore, their position and size had to be adjusted properly
3.463mm for 50Ω. The VSWR at the lower frequency end of and are given in Table II.
the operating band is further improved by introducing steps in
the taper [8]. The size and position of the steps is determined
by tuning them using the parametric sweep of CST. The size
of optimized steps is 0.75×1, 0.625×1 and 0.375×1mm for
steps 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Fig. 2 shows the simulated and
measured VSWR of the antenna.
The truncated ground of this antenna plays an important
role in obtaining good impedance match. The notch in the
ground plane creates a capacitive load that neutralizes the
inductive nature of the patch to produce a large bandwidth [9].
Parameters of the optimized antenna are given in Table I.

TABLE I. PARAMETERS OF PROPOSED ANTENNA WITHOUT BAND

NOTCH

PARAMETER Lf L1 Lp Ln Lg Wp=Wg Wn

VALUE(MM) 8.075 6.75 1.675 4.773 2.5 11 6.654 Figure 3. Geometry of the proposed antenna with Double notch , (a) Front
Side and (b) Back Side

The Lp of the antenna was readjusted to 2.475mm. The

overall size of the antenna (Lf+L1+Lp) is only 17.3mm. Fig. 4
shows the Simulated and measured VSWR of the proposed
antenna with double notch.

TABLE II. PARAMETERS OF CSSRR AND PARSITIC STRIP

PARAMETER V H g r W1 T g1 L2

VALUE(MM) 1.4 4.1 0.5 0.3 10 0.4 2.67 9.83

Figure 2. Measured and Simulated VSWR of antenna without band notch

B. Microstripline-fed monopole fed monopole antenna with

double band-notched function
The double notch is obtained by combining two
conventional methods of band notching. A T-shaped parasitic
strip is placed in ground plane which plays the role of a filter
eliminating the 5.8GHz frequency band and enhancing the
impedance match at lower frequencies. The initial length of
the parasitic strip is taken to be half the wavelength at the Figure 4. Measured and Simulated VSWR of antenna with Double notch
rejection frequency [10]. To provide a notch at 5.2GHz, a
complimentary single split ring resonator (CSSRR) has been The radiation patterns of the antenna were measured at 4
introduced on the patch. The starting value of the frequencies distributed over the UWB band and were found to
circumference of the CSSRR was taken to be half the rejection be quite stable. The measured peak gain of the proposed
wavelength [10]. The impedance match is a strong function of antenna was 2-3dB over most of the operating band.
2012 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference 12-13 November 2012, Loughborough, UK

C. CPW-fed monopole fed monopole antenna without band- D. CPW-fed monopole fed monopole antenna With Double
notched function Band-notched Function

Figure 5. Geometry of the proposed antenna without double notch Figure 7. Geometry of the proposed antenna with double notch

Fig.5 shows the proposed antenna without band notches.
The impedance match in the basic CPW fed monopole is poor
as there is sudden increase in the distance between the ground
plane and patch beyond L1. Therefore, a taper of length L2
has been incorporated in the ground plane. The overall length
L affects the first resonant frequency. The length of the basic
CPW fed monopole antenna is equal to L1+L3 where L1 is
equal to the length of the feed line and L3 is equal to the
length of the taper. The parameters S and g are used to set the
impedance of CPW feed. W2 is found to affect the
performance in low frequency side. By increasing W2, lower
values of S11 are obtained around 3.1GHz. Parameters of the
optimized antenna are given in Table III and Fig. 6 shows the
simulated and measured VSWR of the proposed antenna.
As shown in Fig.7, a slot was introduced in the patch to
produce a notch at 5.8GHz while the CSSRRs in the ground
plane have been used to obtain the notch at 5.2 GHz. The
initial length of the slot and CSSRR were taken to be half
wavelength at the rejection frequencies [10].
Since the two notch frequencies are close to each other, the
mutual coupling between the slot and CSSRR results in a
single broad notch. Therefore, the split end in CSSRR was
moved from center towards bottom as shown in Fig.7. The
optimized parameters of slot and CSSRR are given in Table
IV. The other dimensions are same as given in Table III. Fig. 8
shows the simulated and measured VSWR of the proposed
antenna with double notch.

TABLE III. PARAMETERS OF PROPOSED ANTENNA WITHOUT BAND NOTCH TABLE IV. PARAMETERS OF CSSRR AND SLOT IN PATCH

PARAMETER L L1 L2 L4 S PARAMETER W3 T1 T2 g1 V H
VALUE(MM) 28.13 12.11 4.71 4 3.8 VALUE(MM) 17 0.5 0.3 0.4 4 1.3
PARAMETER g W W1 W2
VALUE(MM) 0.25 19.62 7.46 1

Figure 8. Measured and simulated VSWR of the proposed antenna with

double notch
Figure 6. Measured and simulated VSWR of the proposed antenna without
band notch
The measured and the simulated radiation patterns for this
antenna were also found to be reasonably stable over the
UWB band and the peak gain was in the range of 2-4dB.
2012 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference 12-13 November 2012, Loughborough, UK

III. TIME DOMAIN BEHAVIOUR

A. Impulse response
Measurement of S21 was carried out for the two antennas
in real indoor scenarios by using Rohde and Schwarz ZVM
Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). Considering the free space
propagation, the transfer function S21 is proportional to the
transmitting and receiving characteristics of the antenna. To
find the impulse response, Hermitian processing was used. The
pass-band signal was obtained with zero padding from the
lowest frequency measured in VNA to Direct Current (DC).
Successively, the conjugate of the signal was taken and
reflected in the negative frequency. The inverse fast Fourier Figure 11. Received pulse for modulated Gaussian transmitted pulse for
transform (IFFT) of the resulting double-sided spectrum gives CPW-fed antenna
real impulse response.

B. Source Pulses
In this study, two types of pulses were chosen which
conform to radiation limit masks for UWB, namely, a
modulated Gaussian pulse and the fourth-order Rayleigh
pulse. The Gaussian pulse is modulated with a sine wave
carrier of 4GHz frequency and -10dB bandwidth of 1GHz.
The characteristic time of Rayleigh pulse is taken as 67ps. The
Rayleigh pulse has been shown to match well with the FCC's
emission masks.

C. Received Signal Waveforms
The received signal is obtained by convolving the input
pulse and the impulse response of the antenna. Figs. 9 - 12
show the received pulses for Gaussian and Rayleigh pulses for
the two antennas.
Figure 12. Received pulse for Rayleigh fourth order transmitted pulse for
CPW-fed antenna
The measured fidelity factors for the two antennas are
given in Table V. Since the main energy of modulated
Gaussian input signal lies from 7GHz to 9GHz, which is not
affected by the double notch, the fidelity factor is 0.98 and the
received signal is almost distortion free. For Rayleigh pulse
the fidelity factor is slightly reduced to 0.85 as its PSD
includes notch bandwidths.

TABLE V. FIDELITY FACTOR FOR THE TWO ANTENNAS

Meaured Fidelity
Source Pulse
Microstrip-fed CPW-fed

Modulated Gaussian 0.9873 0.9767

Figure 9. Received pulse for modulated Gaussian transmitted pulse for
Rayleigh Fourth Order 0.8543 0.8406
microstrip-fed antenna

IV. CONCLUSION
Double band-notched UWB monopole antenna designs
with microstrip feed and CPW feed have been proposed and
investigated. Two band rejection notches have been
introduced at 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz WLAN bands. It is found
that the antennas exhibit stable radiation patterns over the
entire UWB band with a gain in the range of 2-4dB. While
both microstripline and CPW antennas have comparable
characteristics, the microstripline fed antenna is more compact
compared to its CPW counterpart with the former being about
38% smaller in size.
Figure 10. Received pulse for Rayleigh fourth order transmitted pulse for
microstrip-fed antenna
2012 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference 12-13 November 2012, Loughborough, UK

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