English Language Lecture 1

Discussion an Identification of Parts of Speech

Part of speech
Words are divided into different kinds of classes, called Parts of Speech, according to their use;
that is, according to the work they do in the sentence.

Example

Wow! The Lecture Sheet of Saifur’s has simply made English Grammar easy to me and I am
really confident to write in English Now.

Ah! My husband, Jamal and I wish to travel yearly to Europe to see all the amazing sites.

Types of Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech 8 types:

1. Noun

2. Pronoun

3. Adjective

4. Verb

5. Adverb

6. Preposition

7. Conjunction

8. Interjection

Md. Asif Al Rupon

Finance & Banking (MBA)
University of Barishal Page 1
 Noun
যয Word যিোন কিছু র নোম বুঝোয় তোকি Noun বক঱।Example : Rahim, Dhaka,Cow,
River, Man, Jury, Cattle etc.

Types of Noun: 5

I. Proper Noun: Karim, Rajshahi, Japan.

II. Common Noun: Boy, girl, friend, man, infant, pen, river, rose, city, cow, Student.
III. Collective Noun: Class, Jury, Army, Cattle, party, Navy, Library, Group, Team,
Committee, Meeting, Soldiers.
IV. Material Noun: Water, Wood
V. Abstract Noun: Honesty, Kindness

Proper Noun: যয noun দ্বোরো যিোন বযকি, বস্তু, স্থোন প্রভৃ কতর কনকদি ষ্ট নোম বুঝোয় তোকি proper noun
বক঱। Using Capital Letters with Proper Nouns. They like John, I live in Bangladesh.

Common Noun: যয Noun দ্বোরো এি জোতীয় বযকি বো বস্তুর প্রতযকির ঴োধোরন নোম বুঝোয়। যযমনঃ Boy,
Girl, friend, man, infant, pen, river, rose, city, cow, student, etc.

Common Noun Proper Noun

Man(঴ি঱ ঴োধোরন মোনুক঳র নোম) Rahim, karim
Girl (঴ি঱ ঴োধোরন যমকয়র নোম) Rupa, Luna, Runa
City ( ঴ি঱ ঴োধোরন ল঵করর নোম) Dhaka, London, Mecca
River (঴ি঱ নদীর ঴োধোরন নোম) Meghna, Padma
Poet (঴ি঱ িকবর ঴োধোরন নোম) Kazi Nazrul Islam

Collective Noun:

যয noun দ্বোরো এি জোতীয় িতগুক঱ বযোকি বো বস্তুকি ঩ৃয়঵িভোকব নো বুকঝকয় তোকদর ঴মকষ্টকি বুঝোয় তোকি
Collective Noun বক঱। যযমন- Class, jury, army, crowd(জনতো), gang(দ঱), fleet (রনতরী), Flock
(যভড়োর ঩ো঱), herd ( গরুর ঩ো঱), Library, meeting, party, flight, Infantry(঩দোকতি স঴নয), navy,
cavalry(঄শ্বোকরো঵ী স঴নযদ঱), audience, Swarm(যমৌমোকছর ঝোি), elite (গনযমোনয য঱োি), mass
(঴োধোরন য঱োি), Majority, Gentry(ভদ্রমন্ড঱ী), Bundle (যগোছো), Stack(গোদো,িোকড়), pack(কুকুকরর
঩ো঱), group, shoal(মোকছর ঝোাঁি), Shower(এি ঩ল঱ো বৃকষ্ট), Cattle.

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University of Barishal Page 2
Common Noun Collective Noun
Sheep Flock
Player Team
Keys Bunch
Robbers Gangs

Material Noun: যয noun দ্বোরো যিোকনো ঩দোকথির নোম বুঝোয় যো ঴ংখ্যো দ্বোরো গননো িরো যোয় নো, শুধু
঩করমো঩/঩করমোন দ্বোরো যবোঝো জয়োয় তোকি Material Noun বক঱।কযমন- water, wood, gold, iron,milk,
rice, suger, tea, milk, oil, petrol, gas etc.

Material Noun Common Noun

Iron Fetters, Sickle, Hammer
Wood Bench, door, cupboard
Ghee, butter cheese

Noun Mainly 2 Types:

A. Concrete Noun B. Abstract Noun

Concrete Noun: যয Noun- এর বোক঵যি ঄কিত্ব এবং সদক঵ি উ঩কিকত অকছ তোকি Concrete Noun বক঱।
Concrete Noun- যি যদখ্ো যোয়, স্পলি িরো যোয়, ঄নুভব িরো যোয় এবং অস্বোদন িরো যোয়।

Concrete Noun গুক঱ো-

যদখ্ো যোয় - Soap, house, book etc

স্পলি িরো যোয় - pen, ship, tree etc

঄নুভব িরো যোয় - wind, air etc

গণনো িরো যোয় - coin, pencil, book etc

঩করমো঩ িরো যোয় - rice, gold, cloth etc

অস্বোদন িরো যোয় - rice, salad etc

আকিয় দ্বোরো ঄নুভব িরো যোয় – perfume

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Finance & Banking (MBA)
University of Barishal Page 3
 Noun
Concrete Noun
 Proper Noun (নোমবোচি কবকল঳য)
 Common Noun (জোকতবোচি কবকল঳য)
 Collective Noun (঴মকষ্টবোচি কবকল঳য)
 Material Noun ( বস্তু বোচি কবকল঳য)
Md. Asif Al Rupon
Finance & Banking (MBA)
University of Barishal
Abstract Noun (গুনবোচি কবকল঳য)
যয Noun দ্বোরো যিোন বযোকি বো বস্তুর গুন, ঄বস্থো বো িোকযির
নোমকি প্রিোল িকর এবং যচোকখ্ যদখ্ো যোয় নো, ঄নুভব িরো
জয়োয় তোকি Abstract Noun বক঱।কযমন- love, goodness,
illness, kindness, happiness, education, freedom, friendship,
patience, honesty, truth….
Note: ঴োধোরনত যয ঴মি Noun এর যলক঳ ness, tion, hood,
ship, dom, ment, ism, th, ty, ce, cy Etc. থোকি তোরো Abstract
Noun।
- The fireman showed great bravery.
- Laughter is a great tonic.
- We should have patience while waiting in a queue.
- The judgement was given yesterday.
- There was a theft in my neighbour’s house.
- We should have courage to face problems.
- Darkness falls soon after sunset.
- Who doesn’t like the smell of rose?
Page 4
 গণনোর যযোগযতোর কভকিকত Noun যি অবোর দুআ ভোকগ ভোগ িরো যোয়

I. Countable Noun:
যয Noun- যি ঴ংখ্যো কদকয় গণনো িরো য়োয় তোকদর Countable Noun বক঱। যযমনঃ
Flower, Child, Book, Pen, College, Library, Poem. Countable Noun এর অকগ
Singular Number – এ Indefinite Article (A বো An) বক঴।

II. Uncountable Noun:

যয Noun- যি ঴ংখ্যো কদকয় গণনো িরো য়োয় নো, কিন্তু ওজন দ্বোরো ঩করমো঩ িরো
যযকত ঩োকর এবং ঄নুভূকত ও িল্পনো দ্বোরো ঄নুভব িরো যোয় তোকদর Uncountable
Noun বক঱। যযমনঃ Salt, Virtue, Honesty, Heroism, Perfume, Silver, Water, Gold,
Iron, Fun, Food. Uncountable Noun শুধু Singular- এ বযবহৃত ঵কয় থোকি এবং তোকদর
অকগ Indefinite Article (A বো An) বক঴।

Count and Non count nouns

Count Noun

 Count noun- এর ঩ূকবি a/an ব঴কত ঩োকর। যযমন- a book, an apple

 Count noun- এর Singular এবং Plural উভয় form রকয়কছ। যযমন- lots of books, plenty
of apples
 Count noun- এর ঩ূকবি ঴ংখ্যোবোচি লব্দ বযব঵োর িরো যোকব। যযমন- three books, five
apples

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Finance & Banking (MBA)
University of Barishal Page 5
Non count Noun
 Non count Noun-এর ঩ূকবি a/an বযব঵োর িরো যোয় নো বো একদর ঩র s/es যুি ঵য় নো।
যযমনঃ
Incorrect: He bought furniture.
Correct: He bought furniture.

 Non count এর যিোন plural form যনআ, যযমন-

He has got a lot of informations. (Incorrect)
He has got a lot of information. (Correct)
 Non Count noun- এর ঩ূকবি ঴ংখ্যোবোচি লব্দ বযব঵োর িরো যোয় নো।কযমন-
There were four luggages with them. (Incorrect)
There was luggage with them. (Correct)

Important non count nouns

Information news furniture
Food equipment machinery
luggage scenery money
homework advice soap
soup meat corn
advertising damage fun
luck music poetry
Leisure progress knowledge
patience permission anger
courage poverty chaos
air sand politics
economics physics mathematics
measles mumps

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Finance & Banking (MBA)
University of Barishal Page 6
Nouns with both count and non-count Meanings
কিছু Noun ঄থি ঄নুযোয়ী count এবং non count উভআ ঵কত ঩োকর । The most important of those
are listed below:

Count noun Meaning Non-count Noun Meaning

Agreement a contract Agreement 1. the state of sharing
the same opinion
2. approval
3. concord
Business a specific company Business 1. The activity of
trade and commerce.
2. work
Decision a choice or judgment Decision decisiveness
Fire an event Fire The flames,light, and
heat
Glass a container Glass material
Honor An award Honor respect
Language A specific type Language Any language
Life A specific person’s Life Any life
Light A lamp Light The absence of
darkness
Noise A specific sound Noise All sound
Paper 1.a specific document Paper Material
2.a newspaper
Room A part of a floor Room Space
Space An empty area for a Space 1. Room 2. The
specific purpose universe
War A specific war War All wars
work An artistic creation work 1. Employment
2. Any activity

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Finance & Banking (MBA)
University of Barishal Page 7
Count and non count nouns with similar meanings
কনকচর noun-এর যজোড়োগুক঱োর ঄থি এিআ রিম ঵ক঱ও এিটি count ও ঄নযটি noncount।

[N.B. Remember these nouns.]

Count Nouns Non-count nouns

Climate Weather
Laugh Laughter
Job Work
Machine Machinery
Traffic jam Traffic
Sunbeam Sunshine,sunlight
Snowflake Snow
Advertisement Advertising
journey travel

Uncountable Problems
The Uncommon Uncountable

ভো঳োকভকদ Uncountable nouns এর ধোরনো কভন্ন ঵কত ঩োকর। যযমন- বোং঱ো ভো঳োয় ‘িোজ’ লব্দটি
঴োধোরনভোকব countable ঵ক঱ও আংকরকজকত work লব্দটি Uncountable ক঵ক঴কব কবকবকচত ঵য়।

Accommodation, advice, baggage, bread, brick, chess, chewing gum, corn, courage, danger,
equipment, expenditure, fun, furniture, grass, homework, ignorance, information, knowledge,
leisure, lightning, luck, luggage, machinery, money, music, news, patience,permission, poetry,
poverty, progress, publicity, research, rubbish, scenery, slang, soap, thunder, time, traffic,
vocabulary, weather, work.

Md. Asif Al Rupon

Finance & Banking (MBA)
University of Barishal Page 8
SL Uncountable Noun Countable Alternative
1 Accommodation A house
2 advice Tip, suggestion
3 baggage Bag
4 corn Crops
5 Electricity Battery
6 Equipment Tool
7 Furniture Table/Chair
8 information Fact, Report
9 Jewellery Ornament
10 Luggage Suitcase
11 Machinery Machine
12 Money Dollar
13 Music Song
14 Population People
15 Scenery View
16 Traffic Vehicle
17 Travel Journey
18 Vocabulary Word
19 Weather Climet
20 Wine Bottle
21 Work Job

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Finance & Banking (MBA)
University of Barishal Page 9
Uncountable N. Uncountable Noun with a
Advice A piece of advice
Baggage A piece/item of baggage
Bread A piece/slice of bread, a loaf, a roll
Chess A game of chess
Chewing Gum A piece of chewing gum
Equipment A piece of equipment
Furniture A piece/article of Furniture
Information A piece of information
Lightning A flash/bolt of lightning
Luck A piece/bit/stroke of luck
Wind A gust of wind
Luggage A piece/item of luggage
News A piece of news
Jewelry A piece of jewelry
Grass A balde of grass
Research A piece of research
Rubbish A piece of rubbish
Music A piece of music
Soap A bar/piece of soap
Work A piece of work
Thunder A clap of thunder
Corn An ear of corn

 Uncountable Noun এর যেকে ‘এিটি’ বুঝোকত চোআক঱ এর ঩ূকবি a piece of বো এ জোতীয়

লব্দগুচছ ব঴োকত ঵কব।

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Finance & Banking (MBA)
University of Barishal Page 10
  যয঴ব Uncountable Noun যি a piece of বো ঄নুরু঩ লব্দগুচ্ছ দ্বোরো singular িরো যোয়,
য঴গুক঱োর plural িরো যোয়। যযমন- Two pieces of information, three pieces of furniture
etc.

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Finance & Banking (MBA)
University of Barishal Page 11